See Tocharian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "Tocharī"
},
"expansion": "Latin Tocharī",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Τόχαροι",
"t": "Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Τόχαροι (Tókharoi, “Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir"
},
"expansion": "Indo-Iranian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"tr": "tuxāri-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian [script needed] (tuxāri-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "ttahvāra"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese [script needed] (ttahvāra)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "तुखार"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तुखार (tukhāra)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin Tocharī + -ian, the first element deriving from Ancient Greek Τόχαροι (Tókharoi, “Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)”), plural of Τόχαρος (Tókharos), probably from an Indo-Iranian source (Old Persian [script needed] (tuxāri-), Khotanese [script needed] (ttahvāra)); compare Sanskrit तुखार (tukhāra).\nWhen manuscripts in an unknown Indo-European language were discovered in the early 20th century in the Tarim Basin, scholars linked them to the Tochari/Tukharas mentioned in ancient sources. As a result, the language was called \"Tocharian\". However, most scholars now believe this identification was incorrect.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Toch.",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "Tokharian",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 26 30 13 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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274,
283
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],
"ref": "1871, Alexander Cunningham, Archæological Survey of India, volume 2, Shimla, page 67:",
"text": "We have now come to one of the great names in ancient Indian history, that of the Indo-Scythian prince Kanishka, whose conversion to the faith of Sâkya Muni gave a sudden impulse to the propagation of Buddhism, which rapidly spread its doctrines to the utmost bounds of the Tocharian dominion.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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14,
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],
"ref": "1890, D. O. Kellogg, editor, The Encyclopædia Britannica, Index, Philadelphia: J. M. Stoddart Co., page 689:",
"text": "Hyrcanian and Tocharian independence, b 613–4, b 619",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)."
],
"id": "en-Tocharian-en-adj-E6pezXIf",
"links": [
[
"Tochari",
"Tochari"
],
[
"Bactria",
"Bactria"
]
],
"qualifier": "original sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(original sense) Of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)."
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ṭuḵāriyy",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)",
"word": "طُخَارِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)",
"word": "tocharien"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "prs",
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "prs",
"roman": "tuxārī",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)",
"word": "تُخَارِی"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-ira",
"roman": "toxâri",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)",
"word": "تُخاری"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "fa-cls",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-cls",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Persian"
],
"roman": "tuxārī",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)",
"word": "تُخَارِی"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "toxarskij",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)",
"word": "тохарский"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "tuxori",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)",
"word": "тухорӣ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 25 31 14 25",
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"name": "English terms suffixed with -ian",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 26 30 13 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 28 34 9 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 26 33 11 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 26 32 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 30 29 9 24",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 28 28 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 27 32 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 26 32 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[from 20th c.] Of or pertaining to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin."
],
"id": "en-Tocharian-en-adj-5NhZ-mVQ",
"links": [
[
"Tarim Basin",
"Tarim Basin"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻoxarakan",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "թոխարական"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "tokhari"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "tochaars"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "tokaarilainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tokharien"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṭoxaruli",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "ტოხარული"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "tocharisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "Tocárach"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "toqar",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "тоқар"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocharski"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocariano"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocário"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "toharic"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "toxarskij",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "тохарский"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "tocario"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "tokharisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "tohar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/təuˈkɛəɹi.ən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/təuˈkɑːɹi.ən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/toʊˈkɛɹi.ən/",
"note": "General American, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/toʊˈkɑɹi.ən/",
"note": "General American, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛəɹiən"
}
],
"word": "Tocharian"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "Tocharī"
},
"expansion": "Latin Tocharī",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Τόχαροι",
"t": "Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Τόχαροι (Tókharoi, “Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir"
},
"expansion": "Indo-Iranian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"tr": "tuxāri-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian [script needed] (tuxāri-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "ttahvāra"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese [script needed] (ttahvāra)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "तुखार"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तुखार (tukhāra)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin Tocharī + -ian, the first element deriving from Ancient Greek Τόχαροι (Tókharoi, “Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)”), plural of Τόχαρος (Tókharos), probably from an Indo-Iranian source (Old Persian [script needed] (tuxāri-), Khotanese [script needed] (ttahvāra)); compare Sanskrit तुखार (tukhāra).\nWhen manuscripts in an unknown Indo-European language were discovered in the early 20th century in the Tarim Basin, scholars linked them to the Tochari/Tukharas mentioned in ancient sources. As a result, the language was called \"Tocharian\". However, most scholars now believe this identification was incorrect.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tocharians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Toch.",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "Tokharian",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Tocharian (plural Tocharians)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 25 31 14 25",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 26 30 13 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 26 33 11 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 26 32 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 28 28 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 27 32 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 26 32 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
59
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],
"ref": "1634, C. Plinius Secundus, The Historie of the World, volume 1, page 124:",
"text": "Beyond the Attaci or Attacores, the Thyrians and Tocharians do inhabit; yea, and the Caſirians, who now by this time belong to the Indians, & are a part of them.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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28,
38
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],
"ref": "1871, H. Kern, “The Bṛhat-Saṅhitâ; or, Complete System of Natural Astrology of Varâha-mihira.”, in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, page 232:",
"text": "The Moon presides over: […] Tocharians, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
276,
286
]
],
"ref": "1957, Osbert Guy Stanhope Crawford, editor, Antiquity, volumes 31–32, page 137:",
"text": "Meanwhile Bactria submitted to the Tochari of Western writers (Sanskrit, Tukhāra). They have been sometimes supposed to have been a branch of the Turkish tribes, while the Hiung-nu have been seen as Mongols, the forerunners of the Hūnas and Chionites. It was a section of the Tocharians who later followed the Greeks across the Hindu-kush and created the great Kushan empire in North India.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria."
],
"id": "en-Tocharian-en-noun-en:Q138081313",
"links": [
[
"Tochari",
"Tochari"
],
[
"Bactria",
"Bactria"
]
],
"qualifier": "original sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(original sense) Any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q138081313"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Tokhar"
},
{
"word": "Tukhar"
},
{
"word": "Tukhara"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "69 31",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ṭuḵāriyy",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "طُخَارِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 31",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ṭuḵāriyya",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "طُخَارِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 31",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"tags": [
"by-personal-gender",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tochare"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 31",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "Tókharos",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Τόχαρος"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 31",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tocharus"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 31",
"code": "prs",
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "prs",
"roman": "tuxār",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"word": "تُخَار"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 31",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-ira",
"roman": "toxâr",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"word": "تُخار"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 31",
"code": "fa-cls",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-cls",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Persian"
],
"roman": "tuxār",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"word": "تُخَار"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 31",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "tukhāra",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "तुखार"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 31",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "tuxor",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"word": "тухор"
}
],
"wikidata": [
"Q138081313"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 25 31 14 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 26 30 13 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 28 34 9 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 26 33 11 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 26 32 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 30 29 9 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 28 28 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 27 32 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 26 32 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"[from 20th c.] Any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "Agnean"
},
{
"word": "Kuchean"
}
],
"id": "en-Tocharian-en-noun-en:Q192858",
"senseid": [
"en:Q192858"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "21 79",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻoxar",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"word": "թոխար"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 79",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"word": "tochaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 79",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"word": "tokaari"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 79",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṭoxari",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"word": "ტოხარი"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 79",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tocárach"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 79",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocario"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 79",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "toqar",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"word": "тоқар"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 79",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "toxar",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"word": "тохар"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 79",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "toxâri",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"word": "تخاری"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 79",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocariano"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 79",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocário"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 79",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "toxarec",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тохарец"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 79",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocario"
}
],
"wikidata": [
"Q192858"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/təuˈkɛəɹi.ən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/təuˈkɑːɹi.ən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/toʊˈkɛɹi.ən/",
"note": "General American, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/toʊˈkɑɹi.ən/",
"note": "General American, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛəɹiən"
}
],
"word": "Tocharian"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "Tocharī"
},
"expansion": "Latin Tocharī",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Τόχαροι",
"t": "Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Τόχαροι (Tókharoi, “Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir"
},
"expansion": "Indo-Iranian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"tr": "tuxāri-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian [script needed] (tuxāri-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "ttahvāra"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese [script needed] (ttahvāra)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "तुखार"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तुखार (tukhāra)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin Tocharī + -ian, the first element deriving from Ancient Greek Τόχαροι (Tókharoi, “Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)”), plural of Τόχαρος (Tókharos), probably from an Indo-Iranian source (Old Persian [script needed] (tuxāri-), Khotanese [script needed] (ttahvāra)); compare Sanskrit तुखार (tukhāra).\nWhen manuscripts in an unknown Indo-European language were discovered in the early 20th century in the Tarim Basin, scholars linked them to the Tochari/Tukharas mentioned in ancient sources. As a result, the language was called \"Tocharian\". However, most scholars now believe this identification was incorrect.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Toch.",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "Tokharian",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Tocharian",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 25 34 13 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 25 31 14 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 26 33 11 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 27 34 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 26 33 13 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 26 30 13 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 25 32 13 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 23 38 12 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 26 33 11 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 24 37 12 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Classical Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 24 32 14 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 24 40 10 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 28 34 9 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 25 34 13 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 26 34 11 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 23 36 12 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 26 33 11 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 20 39 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Iranian Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 26 32 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 24 33 13 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 26 35 11 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 24 33 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 25 31 14 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 30 29 9 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 23 33 14 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 28 35 9 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 25 34 12 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 26 33 12 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 28 28 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 24 32 14 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 26 35 11 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 27 32 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 26 33 12 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 26 32 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 23 35 14 20",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ethnonyms",
"orig": "en:Ethnonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 24 40 11 21",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Extinct languages",
"orig": "en:Extinct languages",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Proto-Tocharian"
},
{
"word": "Tocharian A"
},
{
"word": "Tocharian B"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An extinct branch of the Indo-European language family, consisting of two languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B, written in an abugida derived from Brahmi."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "Agnean"
},
{
"word": "Kuchean"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Tocharian"
},
{
"word": "Tocharian A"
},
{
"word": "Tocharian B"
}
],
"id": "en-Tocharian-en-name-aitZBGrP",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"Indo-European",
"Indo-European"
],
[
"Tocharian A",
"Tocharian A"
],
[
"Tocharian B",
"Tocharian B"
],
[
"abugida",
"abugida"
],
[
"Brahmi",
"Brahmi"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) An extinct branch of the Indo-European language family, consisting of two languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B, written in an abugida derived from Brahmi. [from 20th c.]"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Tokharistan"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻoxareren",
"sense": "language",
"word": "թոխարերեն"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tokhari"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "tǔhuǒluóyǔ",
"sense": "language",
"word": "吐火羅語 /吐火罗语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "qiūcíyǔ",
"sense": "language",
"word": "龜茲語 /龟兹语"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "language",
"word": "Tochaars"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "language",
"word": "tokaari"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tokharien"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "agno-koutchéen"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṭoxaruli",
"sense": "language",
"word": "ტოხარული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṭoxaruli ena",
"sense": "language",
"word": "ტოხარული ენა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṭoxaruli enebi",
"sense": "language",
"word": "ტოხარული ენები"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Tocharisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Tocharische"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tocharische Sprache"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tokkaríska"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Tocáiris"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocario"
},
{
"alt": "トカラご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "tokara-go",
"sense": "language",
"word": "トカラ語"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "toqar tılı",
"sense": "language",
"word": "тоқар тілі"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "toxâri",
"sense": "language",
"word": "تخاری"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocharski"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocariano"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocário"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "toharică"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "toxarskij",
"sense": "language",
"word": "тохарский"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocario"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tokhariska"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "language",
"word": "Tohar dili"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "language",
"word": "Toharca"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/təuˈkɛəɹi.ən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/təuˈkɑːɹi.ən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/toʊˈkɛɹi.ən/",
"note": "General American, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/toʊˈkɑɹi.ən/",
"note": "General American, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛəɹiən"
}
],
"word": "Tocharian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Indo-Iranian languages",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Sanskrit",
"English terms suffixed with -ian",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Khotanese terms",
"Requests for native script for Old Persian terms",
"Rhymes:English/ɛəɹiən",
"Rhymes:English/ɛəɹiən/4 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Classical Persian translations",
"Terms with Dari translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Iranian Persian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Ethnonyms",
"en:Extinct languages"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "Tocharī"
},
"expansion": "Latin Tocharī",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Τόχαροι",
"t": "Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Τόχαροι (Tókharoi, “Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir"
},
"expansion": "Indo-Iranian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"tr": "tuxāri-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian [script needed] (tuxāri-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "ttahvāra"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese [script needed] (ttahvāra)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "तुखार"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तुखार (tukhāra)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin Tocharī + -ian, the first element deriving from Ancient Greek Τόχαροι (Tókharoi, “Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)”), plural of Τόχαρος (Tókharos), probably from an Indo-Iranian source (Old Persian [script needed] (tuxāri-), Khotanese [script needed] (ttahvāra)); compare Sanskrit तुखार (tukhāra).\nWhen manuscripts in an unknown Indo-European language were discovered in the early 20th century in the Tarim Basin, scholars linked them to the Tochari/Tukharas mentioned in ancient sources. As a result, the language was called \"Tocharian\". However, most scholars now believe this identification was incorrect.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Toch.",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "Tokharian",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
274,
283
]
],
"ref": "1871, Alexander Cunningham, Archæological Survey of India, volume 2, Shimla, page 67:",
"text": "We have now come to one of the great names in ancient Indian history, that of the Indo-Scythian prince Kanishka, whose conversion to the faith of Sâkya Muni gave a sudden impulse to the propagation of Buddhism, which rapidly spread its doctrines to the utmost bounds of the Tocharian dominion.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
23
]
],
"ref": "1890, D. O. Kellogg, editor, The Encyclopædia Britannica, Index, Philadelphia: J. M. Stoddart Co., page 689:",
"text": "Hyrcanian and Tocharian independence, b 613–4, b 619",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)."
],
"links": [
[
"Tochari",
"Tochari"
],
[
"Bactria",
"Bactria"
]
],
"qualifier": "original sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(original sense) Of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"[from 20th c.] Of or pertaining to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin."
],
"links": [
[
"Tarim Basin",
"Tarim Basin"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/təuˈkɛəɹi.ən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/təuˈkɑːɹi.ən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/toʊˈkɛɹi.ən/",
"note": "General American, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/toʊˈkɑɹi.ən/",
"note": "General American, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛəɹiən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ṭuḵāriyy",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)",
"word": "طُخَارِيّ"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)",
"word": "tocharien"
},
{
"code": "prs",
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "prs",
"roman": "tuxārī",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)",
"word": "تُخَارِی"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-ira",
"roman": "toxâri",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)",
"word": "تُخاری"
},
{
"code": "fa-cls",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-cls",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Persian"
],
"roman": "tuxārī",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)",
"word": "تُخَارِی"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "toxarskij",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)",
"word": "тохарский"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "tuxori",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tochari (people of Bactria)",
"word": "тухорӣ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻoxarakan",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "թոխարական"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "tokhari"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "tochaars"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "tokaarilainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tokharien"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṭoxaruli",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "ტოხარული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "tocharisch"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "Tocárach"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "toqar",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "тоқар"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocharski"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocariano"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocário"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "toharic"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "toxarskij",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "тохарский"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "tocario"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "tokharisk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "of or relating to the Tocharian languages or the Tocharians of the Tarim Basin",
"word": "tohar"
}
],
"word": "Tocharian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Indo-Iranian languages",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Sanskrit",
"English terms suffixed with -ian",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Khotanese terms",
"Requests for native script for Old Persian terms",
"Rhymes:English/ɛəɹiən",
"Rhymes:English/ɛəɹiən/4 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Classical Persian translations",
"Terms with Dari translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Iranian Persian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Ethnonyms",
"en:Extinct languages"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "Tocharī"
},
"expansion": "Latin Tocharī",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Τόχαροι",
"t": "Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Τόχαροι (Tókharoi, “Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir"
},
"expansion": "Indo-Iranian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"tr": "tuxāri-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian [script needed] (tuxāri-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "ttahvāra"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese [script needed] (ttahvāra)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "तुखार"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तुखार (tukhāra)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin Tocharī + -ian, the first element deriving from Ancient Greek Τόχαροι (Tókharoi, “Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)”), plural of Τόχαρος (Tókharos), probably from an Indo-Iranian source (Old Persian [script needed] (tuxāri-), Khotanese [script needed] (ttahvāra)); compare Sanskrit तुखार (tukhāra).\nWhen manuscripts in an unknown Indo-European language were discovered in the early 20th century in the Tarim Basin, scholars linked them to the Tochari/Tukharas mentioned in ancient sources. As a result, the language was called \"Tocharian\". However, most scholars now believe this identification was incorrect.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tocharians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Toch.",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "Tokharian",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Tocharian (plural Tocharians)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
59
]
],
"ref": "1634, C. Plinius Secundus, The Historie of the World, volume 1, page 124:",
"text": "Beyond the Attaci or Attacores, the Thyrians and Tocharians do inhabit; yea, and the Caſirians, who now by this time belong to the Indians, & are a part of them.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
38
]
],
"ref": "1871, H. Kern, “The Bṛhat-Saṅhitâ; or, Complete System of Natural Astrology of Varâha-mihira.”, in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, page 232:",
"text": "The Moon presides over: […] Tocharians, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
276,
286
]
],
"ref": "1957, Osbert Guy Stanhope Crawford, editor, Antiquity, volumes 31–32, page 137:",
"text": "Meanwhile Bactria submitted to the Tochari of Western writers (Sanskrit, Tukhāra). They have been sometimes supposed to have been a branch of the Turkish tribes, while the Hiung-nu have been seen as Mongols, the forerunners of the Hūnas and Chionites. It was a section of the Tocharians who later followed the Greeks across the Hindu-kush and created the great Kushan empire in North India.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria."
],
"links": [
[
"Tochari",
"Tochari"
],
[
"Bactria",
"Bactria"
]
],
"qualifier": "original sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(original sense) Any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q138081313"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Tokhar"
},
{
"word": "Tukhar"
},
{
"word": "Tukhara"
}
],
"wikidata": [
"Q138081313"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"[from 20th c.] Any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "Agnean"
},
{
"word": "Kuchean"
}
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q192858"
],
"wikidata": [
"Q192858"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/təuˈkɛəɹi.ən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/təuˈkɑːɹi.ən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/toʊˈkɛɹi.ən/",
"note": "General American, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/toʊˈkɑɹi.ən/",
"note": "General American, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛəɹiən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ṭuḵāriyy",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "طُخَارِيّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ṭuḵāriyya",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "طُخَارِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"tags": [
"by-personal-gender",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tochare"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "Tókharos",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Τόχαρος"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tocharus"
},
{
"code": "prs",
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "prs",
"roman": "tuxār",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"word": "تُخَار"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-ira",
"roman": "toxâr",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"word": "تُخار"
},
{
"code": "fa-cls",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-cls",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Persian"
],
"roman": "tuxār",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"word": "تُخَار"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "tukhāra",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "तुखार"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "tuxor",
"sense": "any member of the Tochari, a people who inhabited Bactria — see also Tochari",
"word": "тухор"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻoxar",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"word": "թոխար"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"word": "tochaar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"word": "tokaari"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṭoxari",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"word": "ტოხარი"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tocárach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocario"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "toqar",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"word": "тоқар"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "toxar",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"word": "тохар"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "toxâri",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"word": "تخاری"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocariano"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocário"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "toxarec",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тохарец"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke the so-called Tocharian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocario"
}
],
"word": "Tocharian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Indo-Iranian languages",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Sanskrit",
"English terms suffixed with -ian",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Khotanese terms",
"Requests for native script for Old Persian terms",
"Rhymes:English/ɛəɹiən",
"Rhymes:English/ɛəɹiən/4 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Classical Persian translations",
"Terms with Dari translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Iranian Persian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Ethnonyms",
"en:Extinct languages"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Proto-Tocharian"
},
{
"word": "Tocharian A"
},
{
"word": "Tocharian B"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "Tocharī"
},
"expansion": "Latin Tocharī",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Τόχαροι",
"t": "Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Τόχαροι (Tókharoi, “Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir"
},
"expansion": "Indo-Iranian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"tr": "tuxāri-"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian [script needed] (tuxāri-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "ttahvāra"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese [script needed] (ttahvāra)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sa",
"3": "तुखार"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तुखार (tukhāra)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin Tocharī + -ian, the first element deriving from Ancient Greek Τόχαροι (Tókharoi, “Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)”), plural of Τόχαρος (Tókharos), probably from an Indo-Iranian source (Old Persian [script needed] (tuxāri-), Khotanese [script needed] (ttahvāra)); compare Sanskrit तुखार (tukhāra).\nWhen manuscripts in an unknown Indo-European language were discovered in the early 20th century in the Tarim Basin, scholars linked them to the Tochari/Tukharas mentioned in ancient sources. As a result, the language was called \"Tocharian\". However, most scholars now believe this identification was incorrect.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Toch.",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "Tokharian",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Tocharian",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"word": "Tokharistan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"An extinct branch of the Indo-European language family, consisting of two languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B, written in an abugida derived from Brahmi."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "Agnean"
},
{
"word": "Kuchean"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Tocharian"
},
{
"word": "Tocharian A"
},
{
"word": "Tocharian B"
}
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"Indo-European",
"Indo-European"
],
[
"Tocharian A",
"Tocharian A"
],
[
"Tocharian B",
"Tocharian B"
],
[
"abugida",
"abugida"
],
[
"Brahmi",
"Brahmi"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) An extinct branch of the Indo-European language family, consisting of two languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B, written in an abugida derived from Brahmi. [from 20th c.]"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/təuˈkɛəɹi.ən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/təuˈkɑːɹi.ən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/toʊˈkɛɹi.ən/",
"note": "General American, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/toʊˈkɑɹi.ən/",
"note": "General American, Mary–marry–merry merger"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛəɹiən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "tʻoxareren",
"sense": "language",
"word": "թոխարերեն"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tokhari"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "tǔhuǒluóyǔ",
"sense": "language",
"word": "吐火羅語 /吐火罗语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "qiūcíyǔ",
"sense": "language",
"word": "龜茲語 /龟兹语"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "language",
"word": "Tochaars"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "language",
"word": "tokaari"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tokharien"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "agno-koutchéen"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṭoxaruli",
"sense": "language",
"word": "ტოხარული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṭoxaruli ena",
"sense": "language",
"word": "ტოხარული ენა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṭoxaruli enebi",
"sense": "language",
"word": "ტოხარული ენები"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Tocharisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Tocharische"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tocharische Sprache"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tokkaríska"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Tocáiris"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocario"
},
{
"alt": "トカラご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "tokara-go",
"sense": "language",
"word": "トカラ語"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "toqar tılı",
"sense": "language",
"word": "тоқар тілі"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "toxâri",
"sense": "language",
"word": "تخاری"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocharski"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocariano"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocário"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "toharică"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "toxarskij",
"sense": "language",
"word": "тохарский"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocario"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tokhariska"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "language",
"word": "Tohar dili"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "language",
"word": "Toharca"
}
],
"word": "Tocharian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Tocharian meaning in English (27.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.