See Old English in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for Old English meaning in English (19.9kB)
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"pos": "name",
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"kind": "topical",
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"_dis": "51 24 11 14",
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],
"glosses": [
"The ancestor language of Modern English, also called Anglo-Saxon, spoken in most of Britain from about 400 to 1100."
],
"id": "en-Old_English-en-name-ox5HfXMD",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"history",
"history"
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[
"Modern English",
"Modern English"
],
[
"Anglo-Saxon",
"Anglo-Saxon"
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[
"Britain",
"Britain"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, history) The ancestor language of Modern English, also called Anglo-Saxon, spoken in most of Britain from about 400 to 1100."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Anglo-Saxon"
}
],
"topics": [
"history",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "Anglishte e vjetër"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"roman": "ṭəntawi ʾəngəlizña",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "ጥንታዊ እንግሊዝኛ"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔinglīziyya ʕatīqa",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "إِنْجْلِيزِيَّة عَتِيقَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hin angleren",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "հին անգլերեն"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "anglosakʿsoneren",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "անգլոսաքսոներեն"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglosaxó"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inglés antiguu"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "antzinako ingelesa"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "staraanhlíjskaja",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "стараанглі́йская"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "staraanhlíjskaja móva",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "стараанглі́йская мо́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "kôdīm iṅgrezī",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "কদীম ইংরেজী"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "staroanglijski ezik",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "староанглийски език"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglès antic"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"Valencian",
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglés antic"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "古英語"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gǔyīngyǔ",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "古英语"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stará angličtina"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "angelsaksisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "oldengelsk"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Angelsaksisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Oudengels"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "Anglosaksa lingvo"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "vanainglise keel"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fornenskt"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "muinaisenglanti"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglo-saxon"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vieil anglais"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inglés antigo"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ʒveli inglisuri",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "ძველი ინგლისური"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ʒveli inglisuri ena",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "ძველი ინგლისური ენა"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "anglosaksuri ena",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "ანგლოსაქსური ენა"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Angelsächsisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "angelsächsische Sprache"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Altenglisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "altenglische Sprache"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "archaía anglikí glóssa",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "αρχαία αγγλική γλώσσα"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "אנגלית עתיקה"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "purānī aṅgrezī",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "पुरानी अंग्रेज़ी"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "óangol (nyelv)"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "fornenska"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "bahasa Inggris Kuna"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Angla-Shacsainis"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Sean-Bhéarla"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglosassone"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inglese antico"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"alt": "こえいご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Koeigo",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "古英語"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "pʰiesaa ɑngkleih boraan",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "ភាសាអង់គ្លេសបុរាណ"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ɑngkleih boraan",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "អង់គ្លេសបុរាណ"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"alt": "古英語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Goyeong'eo",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "고영어"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"alt": "古代英語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Godaeyeong'eo",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "고대영어"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lingua anglosaxonica"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Aad-Ingelsj"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "senoji anglų kalba"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "staroangliski jazik",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "староанглиски јазик"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "staroangliski",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "староанглиски"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "bahasa Inggeris Kuno"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "Inggeris Kuno"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglo-sassonu"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ingliż arkajk"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "junī iṅgrajī",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "जुनी इंग्रजी"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "junī iṅgliś",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "जुनी इंग्लिश"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gammelengelsk"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gammalengelsk"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gamalengelsk"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gammalengelsk"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglosaxon"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "Englisċ"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "engelisi qadim",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "انگلیسی قدیم"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "staroangielski"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglo-saxão"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
],
"word": "anglo-saxónico"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "anglo-saxônico"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inglês antigo"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "anglosaxonă"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "engleză veche"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drevneanglíjskij jazýk",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "древнеангли́йский язы́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drevneanglíjskij",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "древнеангли́йский"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "Auld Inglis"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "anglusàssuni"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stara angleščina"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglosajón"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "idioma anglosajón"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inglés antiguo"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "Kiingereza cha Kale"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fornengelska"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "lumang Ingles"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "paasăa anggrit bohraan",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "ภาษาอังกฤษโบราณ"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "Eski İngilizce"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "staroanhlíjsʹka",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "староанглі́йська"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 29 13 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "staroanhlíjsʹka móva",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "староанглі́йська мо́ва"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 39 10 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 45 15 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English retronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008, Stephen J. Harris, Bryon Lee Grigsby, Misconceptions About the Middle Ages, page 177",
"text": "Those who claim that they've been reading Shakespeare in Old English betray their ignorance: they haven't.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Archaic English (Early Modern English) or Middle English speech or writing, or an imitation of this: \"old\" English."
],
"id": "en-Old_English-en-name-n2bu6da-",
"links": [
[
"Archaic",
"archaic"
],
[
"Early Modern English",
"Early Modern English"
],
[
"Middle English",
"Middle English"
],
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"English",
"English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nonstandard, colloquial, proscribed) Archaic English (Early Modern English) or Middle English speech or writing, or an imitation of this: \"old\" English."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"nonstandard",
"proscribed"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Typography",
"orig": "en:Typography",
"parents": [
"Printing",
"Writing",
"Industries",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Business",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Economics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The form of black letter used by 16th-century English printers."
],
"id": "en-Old_English-en-name-kzazOO0T",
"links": [
[
"typography",
"typography"
],
[
"black letter",
"black letter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(typography, historical) The form of black letter used by 16th-century English printers."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"publishing",
"typography"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "History",
"orig": "en:History",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 39 10 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A historical ethnic group in Ireland descended from Norman invaders from Britain from the 12th century to the 17th century."
],
"id": "en-Old_English-en-name-gWvNc9tp",
"links": [
[
"history",
"history"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ireland, history) A historical ethnic group in Ireland descended from Norman invaders from Britain from the 12th century to the 17th century."
],
"tags": [
"Ireland"
],
"topics": [
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "Old English"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English proper nouns",
"English retronyms",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:English",
"en:Languages"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "Old English"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"word": "Wiktionary’s coverage of Old English terms"
},
{
"word": "Germanic"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with manual fragments",
"en:History",
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"The ancestor language of Modern English, also called Anglo-Saxon, spoken in most of Britain from about 400 to 1100."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"history",
"history"
],
[
"Modern English",
"Modern English"
],
[
"Anglo-Saxon",
"Anglo-Saxon"
],
[
"Britain",
"Britain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, history) The ancestor language of Modern English, also called Anglo-Saxon, spoken in most of Britain from about 400 to 1100."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Anglo-Saxon"
}
],
"topics": [
"history",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English nonstandard terms",
"English proscribed terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008, Stephen J. Harris, Bryon Lee Grigsby, Misconceptions About the Middle Ages, page 177",
"text": "Those who claim that they've been reading Shakespeare in Old English betray their ignorance: they haven't.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Archaic English (Early Modern English) or Middle English speech or writing, or an imitation of this: \"old\" English."
],
"links": [
[
"Archaic",
"archaic"
],
[
"Early Modern English",
"Early Modern English"
],
[
"Middle English",
"Middle English"
],
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"English",
"English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nonstandard, colloquial, proscribed) Archaic English (Early Modern English) or Middle English speech or writing, or an imitation of this: \"old\" English."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"nonstandard",
"proscribed"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Typography"
],
"glosses": [
"The form of black letter used by 16th-century English printers."
],
"links": [
[
"typography",
"typography"
],
[
"black letter",
"black letter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(typography, historical) The form of black letter used by 16th-century English printers."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"publishing",
"typography"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Irish English",
"en:History"
],
"glosses": [
"A historical ethnic group in Ireland descended from Norman invaders from Britain from the 12th century to the 17th century."
],
"links": [
[
"history",
"history"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ireland, history) A historical ethnic group in Ireland descended from Norman invaders from Britain from the 12th century to the 17th century."
],
"tags": [
"Ireland"
],
"topics": [
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "Anglishte e vjetër"
},
{
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"roman": "ṭəntawi ʾəngəlizña",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "ጥንታዊ እንግሊዝኛ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔinglīziyya ʕatīqa",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "إِنْجْلِيزِيَّة عَتِيقَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hin angleren",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "հին անգլերեն"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "anglosakʿsoneren",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "անգլոսաքսոներեն"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglosaxó"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inglés antiguu"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "antzinako ingelesa"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "staraanhlíjskaja",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "стараанглі́йская"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "staraanhlíjskaja móva",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "стараанглі́йская мо́ва"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "kôdīm iṅgrezī",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "কদীম ইংরেজী"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "staroanglijski ezik",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "староанглийски език"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglès antic"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"Valencian",
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglés antic"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "古英語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gǔyīngyǔ",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "古英语"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stará angličtina"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "angelsaksisk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "oldengelsk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Angelsaksisch"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Oudengels"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "Anglosaksa lingvo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "vanainglise keel"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fornenskt"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "muinaisenglanti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglo-saxon"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vieil anglais"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inglés antigo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ʒveli inglisuri",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "ძველი ინგლისური"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ʒveli inglisuri ena",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "ძველი ინგლისური ენა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "anglosaksuri ena",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "ანგლოსაქსური ენა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Angelsächsisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "angelsächsische Sprache"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Altenglisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "altenglische Sprache"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "archaía anglikí glóssa",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "αρχαία αγγλική γλώσσα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "אנגלית עתיקה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "purānī aṅgrezī",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "पुरानी अंग्रेज़ी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "óangol (nyelv)"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "fornenska"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "bahasa Inggris Kuna"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Angla-Shacsainis"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Sean-Bhéarla"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglosassone"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inglese antico"
},
{
"alt": "こえいご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Koeigo",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "古英語"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "pʰiesaa ɑngkleih boraan",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "ភាសាអង់គ្លេសបុរាណ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ɑngkleih boraan",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "អង់គ្លេសបុរាណ"
},
{
"alt": "古英語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Goyeong'eo",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "고영어"
},
{
"alt": "古代英語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Godaeyeong'eo",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "고대영어"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lingua anglosaxonica"
},
{
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Aad-Ingelsj"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "senoji anglų kalba"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "staroangliski jazik",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "староанглиски јазик"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "staroangliski",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "староанглиски"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "bahasa Inggeris Kuno"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "Inggeris Kuno"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglo-sassonu"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ingliż arkajk"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "junī iṅgrajī",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "जुनी इंग्रजी"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "junī iṅgliś",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "जुनी इंग्लिश"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gammelengelsk"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gammalengelsk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gamalengelsk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gammalengelsk"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglosaxon"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "Englisċ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "engelisi qadim",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "انگلیسی قدیم"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "staroangielski"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglo-saxão"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
],
"word": "anglo-saxónico"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "anglo-saxônico"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inglês antigo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "anglosaxonă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "engleză veche"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drevneanglíjskij jazýk",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "древнеангли́йский язы́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drevneanglíjskij",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "древнеангли́йский"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "Auld Inglis"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "anglusàssuni"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stara angleščina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anglosajón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "idioma anglosajón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inglés antiguo"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "Kiingereza cha Kale"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fornengelska"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "lumang Ingles"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "paasăa anggrit bohraan",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "ภาษาอังกฤษโบราณ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"word": "Eski İngilizce"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "staroanhlíjsʹka",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "староанглі́йська"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "staroanhlíjsʹka móva",
"sense": "ancestor language of modern English",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "староанглі́йська мо́ва"
}
],
"word": "Old English"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.