"Hun" meaning in English

See Hun in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Proper name

Forms: Huns [plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from Khmer ហ៊ុន (hun). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|km|ហ៊ុន}} Khmer ហ៊ុន (hun) Head templates: {{en-proper noun|s}} Hun (plural Huns)
  1. A surname from Khmer. Categories (topical): Tribes
    Sense id: en-Hun-en-name-KIfcPjtj Disambiguation of Tribes: 15 23 6 16 27 12 Categories (other): English surnames
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: /hʌn/, /hʊn/ [Ireland, Northern-England] Audio: EN-AU ck1 Hun.ogg [Australia] Forms: Huns [plural]
Rhymes: -ʌn Etymology: From Old English Hūnas, Hūne (both plural), from Late Latin Hunni, from Koine Greek Οὗννοι (Hoûnnoi), borrowed through Middle Iranian. Cognate with Old Norse húnir, Old High German Hunni. See also etymology of Xiongnu. Compare Sogdian [script needed] (xwn), Sanskrit हूण (hūṇa), and 匈奴 (OC *hoŋ-nâ) (c. 318 BCE) > *hɨoŋ-nɑ (Eastern Han), which Schuessler (2014:264) proposes to be transcription of foreign *Hŏna ~ Hŭna. More at Huns. As a derogatory term for Germans popularized by Rudyard Kipling, reacting to Germany's proposal that the Royal Navy be used to collect debts from Venezuela. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|ang|Hūnas}} Old English Hūnas, {{m|ang|Hūne}} Hūne, {{der|en|LL.|Hunni}} Late Latin Hunni, {{der|en|grc-koi|Οὗννος|Οὗννοι}} Koine Greek Οὗννοι (Hoûnnoi), {{der|en|ira-mid|-}} Middle Iranian, {{cog|non|húnir}} Old Norse húnir, {{cog|goh|Hunni}} Old High German Hunni, {{m|en|Xiongnu}} Xiongnu, {{cog|sog|tr=xwn}} Sogdian [script needed] (xwn), {{cog|sa|हूण}} Sanskrit हूण (hūṇa), {{och-l|匈奴|tr=*hoŋ-nâ}} 匈奴 (OC *hoŋ-nâ) Head templates: {{en-noun}} Hun (plural Huns)
  1. A member of a nomadic tribe (the Huns) who invaded Europe in the fourth century from Central Asia. Categories (topical): Tribes Derived forms: Hunlike, Hunnic, Hunnish Translations (member of nomadic tribe): Οὔννος (Oúnnos) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), հոն (hon) (Armenian), hun [masculine] (Catalan), 匈人 (xiōngrén) (Chinese Mandarin), Hun [masculine] (Czech), Hun (Dutch), húni [masculine] (Faroese), hunni (Finnish), Hun [masculine] (French), Hunne [masculine] (German), Hunnin [feminine] (German), Ούννος (Oúnnos) [masculine] (Greek), हूण (hūṇ) [masculine] (Hindi), hun (Hungarian), unno (Italian), フン族 (fun-zoku) (Japanese), ғұн (ğūn) (Kazakh), հոն (hon) (Middle Armenian), хүннү (xünnü) (Mongolian), hun [masculine] (Norwegian), huner [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), hunar [masculine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), Hūne [masculine, plural] (Old English), Hunni [masculine, plural] (Old High German), húnir [masculine, plural] (Old Norse), هون (hun) (Persian), Hun [masculine] (Polish), Hunka [feminine] (Polish), huno [masculine] (Portuguese), гунн (gunn) [masculine] (Russian), हूण (hūṇa) [masculine] (Sanskrit), huno (Spanish), Hun (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-Hun-en-noun-fcyOolX9 Disambiguation of Tribes: 15 23 6 16 27 12 Disambiguation of 'member of nomadic tribe': 68 7 11 10 5
  2. (figuratively) A vandal, a barbarian, an uncivilized destructive person. Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-Hun-en-noun-iqTCj81N
  3. (slang, derogatory, ethnic slur) A German. Tags: derogatory, ethnic, slang, slur Categories (topical): Tribes Synonyms: Fritz, Jerry, Kraut
    Sense id: en-Hun-en-noun-G5-Jfnfw Disambiguation of Tribes: 15 23 6 16 27 12 Categories (other): English ethnic slurs
  4. (slang, derogatory, UK, Ireland) A Protestant. Tags: Ireland, UK, derogatory, slang Categories (topical): Tribes Synonyms: Prod, Proddy, orangie, Orangeman
    Sense id: en-Hun-en-noun-QZoFSkju Disambiguation of Tribes: 15 23 6 16 27 12 Categories (other): British English, Irish English, English entries with incorrect language header, English quotations with omitted translation Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 5 16 15 5 34 24 Disambiguation of English quotations with omitted translation: 12 18 7 44 19
  5. (slang, derogatory, UK, Ireland) A Rangers Football Club supporter; an Orangeman. Tags: Ireland, UK, derogatory, slang Categories (topical): Tribes Synonyms: Orangeman
    Sense id: en-Hun-en-noun-UruDumLl Disambiguation of Tribes: 15 23 6 16 27 12 Categories (other): British English, Irish English
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for Hun meaning in English (11.6kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "Hūnas"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English Hūnas",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "Hūne"
      },
      "expansion": "Hūne",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "Hunni"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin Hunni",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc-koi",
        "3": "Οὗννος",
        "4": "Οὗννοι"
      },
      "expansion": "Koine Greek Οὗννοι (Hoûnnoi)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ira-mid",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Iranian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "húnir"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse húnir",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "Hunni"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German Hunni",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Xiongnu"
      },
      "expansion": "Xiongnu",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sog",
        "tr": "xwn"
      },
      "expansion": "Sogdian [script needed] (xwn)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "हूण"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit हूण (hūṇa)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "匈奴",
        "tr": "*hoŋ-nâ"
      },
      "expansion": "匈奴 (OC *hoŋ-nâ)",
      "name": "och-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English Hūnas, Hūne (both plural), from Late Latin Hunni, from Koine Greek Οὗννοι (Hoûnnoi), borrowed through Middle Iranian. Cognate with Old Norse húnir, Old High German Hunni. See also etymology of Xiongnu.\nCompare Sogdian [script needed] (xwn), Sanskrit हूण (hūṇa), and 匈奴 (OC *hoŋ-nâ) (c. 318 BCE) > *hɨoŋ-nɑ (Eastern Han), which Schuessler (2014:264) proposes to be transcription of foreign *Hŏna ~ Hŭna. More at Huns.\nAs a derogatory term for Germans popularized by Rudyard Kipling, reacting to Germany's proposal that the Royal Navy be used to collect debts from Venezuela.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Huns",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Hun (plural Huns)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 23 6 16 27 12",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Tribes",
          "orig": "en:Tribes",
          "parents": [
            "Demonyms",
            "People",
            "Names",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "_dis1": "45 12 4 24 15",
          "word": "Hunlike"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 12 4 24 15",
          "word": "Hunnic"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 12 4 24 15",
          "word": "Hunnish"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A member of a nomadic tribe (the Huns) who invaded Europe in the fourth century from Central Asia."
      ],
      "id": "en-Hun-en-noun-fcyOolX9",
      "links": [
        [
          "nomadic",
          "nomadic"
        ],
        [
          "tribe",
          "tribe"
        ],
        [
          "invade",
          "invade"
        ],
        [
          "Europe",
          "Europe"
        ],
        [
          "Central Asia",
          "Central Asia"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "hon",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "word": "հոն"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "axm",
          "lang": "Middle Armenian",
          "roman": "hon",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "word": "հոն"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "hun"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "xiōngrén",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "word": "匈人"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Hun"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "word": "Hun"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "húni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "word": "hunni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Hun"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Hunne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Hunnin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "Oúnnos",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Ούννος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "Oúnnos",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Οὔννος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "hūṇ",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "हूण"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "word": "hun"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "word": "unno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "fun-zoku",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "word": "フン族"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "ğūn",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "word": "ғұн"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "mn",
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "roman": "xünnü",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "word": "хүннү"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "hun"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "huner"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "hunar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "Hūne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "goh",
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "Hunni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "non",
          "lang": "Old Norse",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "húnir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "hun",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "word": "هون"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Hun"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Hunka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "huno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "gunn",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "гунн"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "hūṇa",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "हूण"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "word": "huno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "68 7 11 10 5",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
          "word": "Hun"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A vandal, a barbarian, an uncivilized destructive person."
      ],
      "id": "en-Hun-en-noun-iqTCj81N",
      "links": [
        [
          "vandal",
          "vandal"
        ],
        [
          "barbarian",
          "barbarian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) A vandal, a barbarian, an uncivilized destructive person."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English ethnic slurs",
          "parents": [
            "Ethnic slurs",
            "Offensive terms",
            "Terms by usage"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 23 6 16 27 12",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Tribes",
          "orig": "en:Tribes",
          "parents": [
            "Demonyms",
            "People",
            "Names",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1919, Gerald Featherstone Knight, Brother Bosch: An Airman's Escape from Germany",
          "text": "Doubtless the first German band to return to England will be composed of the most gentle peace and beer-loving Huns that ever visited our favoured shores.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A German."
      ],
      "id": "en-Hun-en-noun-G5-Jfnfw",
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "ethnic",
          "ethnic"
        ],
        [
          "slur",
          "slur"
        ],
        [
          "German",
          "German"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, derogatory, ethnic slur) A German."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Fritz"
        },
        {
          "word": "Jerry"
        },
        {
          "word": "Kraut"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "ethnic",
        "slang",
        "slur"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 16 15 5 34 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 18 7 44 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 23 6 16 27 12",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Tribes",
          "orig": "en:Tribes",
          "parents": [
            "Demonyms",
            "People",
            "Names",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A Protestant."
      ],
      "id": "en-Hun-en-noun-QZoFSkju",
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "Protestant",
          "Protestant"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, derogatory, UK, Ireland) A Protestant."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Prod"
        },
        {
          "word": "Proddy"
        },
        {
          "word": "orangie"
        },
        {
          "word": "Orangeman"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Ireland",
        "UK",
        "derogatory",
        "slang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 23 6 16 27 12",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Tribes",
          "orig": "en:Tribes",
          "parents": [
            "Demonyms",
            "People",
            "Names",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A Rangers Football Club supporter; an Orangeman."
      ],
      "id": "en-Hun-en-noun-UruDumLl",
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "Orangeman",
          "Orangeman"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, derogatory, UK, Ireland) A Rangers Football Club supporter; an Orangeman."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Orangeman"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Ireland",
        "UK",
        "derogatory",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/hʌn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hʊn/",
      "tags": [
        "Ireland",
        "Northern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "EN-AU ck1 Hun.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/EN-AU_ck1_Hun.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_Hun.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/EN-AU_ck1_Hun.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Hun"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "km",
        "3": "ហ៊ុន"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ហ៊ុន (hun)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Khmer ហ៊ុន (hun).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Huns",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "Hun (plural Huns)",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English surnames",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 23 6 16 27 12",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Tribes",
          "orig": "en:Tribes",
          "parents": [
            "Demonyms",
            "People",
            "Names",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A surname from Khmer."
      ],
      "id": "en-Hun-en-name-KIfcPjtj",
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Hun"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English proper nouns",
    "English quotations with omitted translation",
    "English terms borrowed from Khmer",
    "English terms derived from Khmer",
    "English terms derived from Koine Greek",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle Iranian languages",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with quotations",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Requests for native script for Sogdian terms",
    "Requests for review of Latin translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌn",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌn/1 syllable",
    "en:Tribes"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Hunlike"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hunnic"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hunnish"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "Hūnas"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English Hūnas",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "Hūne"
      },
      "expansion": "Hūne",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "Hunni"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin Hunni",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc-koi",
        "3": "Οὗννος",
        "4": "Οὗννοι"
      },
      "expansion": "Koine Greek Οὗννοι (Hoûnnoi)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ira-mid",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Iranian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "húnir"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse húnir",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "Hunni"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German Hunni",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Xiongnu"
      },
      "expansion": "Xiongnu",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sog",
        "tr": "xwn"
      },
      "expansion": "Sogdian [script needed] (xwn)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "हूण"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit हूण (hūṇa)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "匈奴",
        "tr": "*hoŋ-nâ"
      },
      "expansion": "匈奴 (OC *hoŋ-nâ)",
      "name": "och-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English Hūnas, Hūne (both plural), from Late Latin Hunni, from Koine Greek Οὗννοι (Hoûnnoi), borrowed through Middle Iranian. Cognate with Old Norse húnir, Old High German Hunni. See also etymology of Xiongnu.\nCompare Sogdian [script needed] (xwn), Sanskrit हूण (hūṇa), and 匈奴 (OC *hoŋ-nâ) (c. 318 BCE) > *hɨoŋ-nɑ (Eastern Han), which Schuessler (2014:264) proposes to be transcription of foreign *Hŏna ~ Hŭna. More at Huns.\nAs a derogatory term for Germans popularized by Rudyard Kipling, reacting to Germany's proposal that the Royal Navy be used to collect debts from Venezuela.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Huns",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Hun (plural Huns)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A member of a nomadic tribe (the Huns) who invaded Europe in the fourth century from Central Asia."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nomadic",
          "nomadic"
        ],
        [
          "tribe",
          "tribe"
        ],
        [
          "invade",
          "invade"
        ],
        [
          "Europe",
          "Europe"
        ],
        [
          "Central Asia",
          "Central Asia"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A vandal, a barbarian, an uncivilized destructive person."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vandal",
          "vandal"
        ],
        [
          "barbarian",
          "barbarian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) A vandal, a barbarian, an uncivilized destructive person."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English derogatory terms",
        "English ethnic slurs",
        "English slang",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1919, Gerald Featherstone Knight, Brother Bosch: An Airman's Escape from Germany",
          "text": "Doubtless the first German band to return to England will be composed of the most gentle peace and beer-loving Huns that ever visited our favoured shores.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A German."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "ethnic",
          "ethnic"
        ],
        [
          "slur",
          "slur"
        ],
        [
          "German",
          "German"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, derogatory, ethnic slur) A German."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Fritz"
        },
        {
          "word": "Jerry"
        },
        {
          "word": "Kraut"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "ethnic",
        "slang",
        "slur"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English derogatory terms",
        "English slang",
        "Irish English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A Protestant."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "Protestant",
          "Protestant"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, derogatory, UK, Ireland) A Protestant."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Prod"
        },
        {
          "word": "Proddy"
        },
        {
          "word": "orangie"
        },
        {
          "word": "Orangeman"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Ireland",
        "UK",
        "derogatory",
        "slang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English derogatory terms",
        "English slang",
        "Irish English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A Rangers Football Club supporter; an Orangeman."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "Orangeman",
          "Orangeman"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, derogatory, UK, Ireland) A Rangers Football Club supporter; an Orangeman."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Orangeman"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Ireland",
        "UK",
        "derogatory",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/hʌn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hʊn/",
      "tags": [
        "Ireland",
        "Northern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "EN-AU ck1 Hun.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/EN-AU_ck1_Hun.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_Hun.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/EN-AU_ck1_Hun.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "hon",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "word": "հոն"
    },
    {
      "code": "axm",
      "lang": "Middle Armenian",
      "roman": "hon",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "word": "հոն"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hun"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "xiōngrén",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "word": "匈人"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Hun"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "word": "Hun"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "húni"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "word": "hunni"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Hun"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Hunne"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Hunnin"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "Oúnnos",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Ούννος"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "Oúnnos",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Οὔννος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "hūṇ",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "हूण"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "word": "hun"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "word": "unno"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "fun-zoku",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "word": "フン族"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "ğūn",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "word": "ғұн"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "xünnü",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "word": "хүннү"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hun"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "huner"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hunar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "Hūne"
    },
    {
      "code": "goh",
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "Hunni"
    },
    {
      "code": "non",
      "lang": "Old Norse",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "húnir"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "hun",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "word": "هون"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Hun"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Hunka"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "huno"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "gunn",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "гунн"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "hūṇa",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "हूण"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "word": "huno"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "member of nomadic tribe",
      "word": "Hun"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Hun"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English proper nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Khmer",
    "English terms derived from Khmer",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "en:Tribes"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "km",
        "3": "ហ៊ុន"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ហ៊ុន (hun)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Khmer ហ៊ុន (hun).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Huns",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "Hun (plural Huns)",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English surnames",
        "English surnames from Khmer"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A surname from Khmer."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "Hun"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.