See -ward in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ward meaning in English (4.8kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wert-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-weard",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English -weard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wardaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wardaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*warþaz",
"3": "",
"4": "turned toward, in the direction of, facing"
},
"expansion": "*warþaz (“turned toward, in the direction of, facing”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-wards"
},
"expansion": "-wards",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-weardes"
},
"expansion": "-weardes",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-waarts"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -waarts",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-warts"
},
"expansion": "Low German -warts",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-wärts"
},
"expansion": "German -wärts",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-verðr"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -verðr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic -𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍃 (-wairþs)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vertere",
"3": "",
"4": "to turn"
},
"expansion": "Latin vertere (“to turn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "versus",
"3": "",
"4": "toward"
},
"expansion": "versus (“toward”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वर्तते",
"3": "",
"4": "he turns",
"tr": "vártate"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वर्तते (vártate, “he turns”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "worth",
"3": "",
"4": "to become"
},
"expansion": "worth (“to become”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verse"
},
"expansion": "verse",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -weard, from Proto-Germanic *wardaz, earlier *warþaz (“turned toward, in the direction of, facing”) (compare -wards, from -weardes).\nCognate with Dutch -waarts, Low German -warts, German -wärts, Icelandic -verðr, Gothic -𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍃 (-wairþs), Latin vertere (“to turn”) or versus (“toward”), and Sanskrit वर्तते (vártate, “he turns”). Also related to worth (“to become”). Compare verse.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ward",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ward",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming adverbs denoting course or direction to, or motion or tendency toward, as in \"backward\", \"toward\", \"forward\", etc."
],
"id": "en--ward-en-suffix-J-iSqA-n",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "-an, -an",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "ـًا، ـاً"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "l-",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "لـ"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "-waarts"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "-wärts"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-a",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "־ה"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "l'-",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "ל־"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "-felé"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "-jigo"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "-åt"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 32",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "ar-",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "אַר־"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming adjectives, as in \"a backward look\", \"the northward road\", etc; used even by speakers who usually use -wards for adverbs."
],
"id": "en--ward-en-suffix-WSnaNUeA",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "20 80",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "forming adjectives",
"word": "-waarts"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 80",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "forming adjectives",
"word": "-i"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wəd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɚd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "-ward"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert-",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wert-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-weard",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English -weard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wardaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wardaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*warþaz",
"3": "",
"4": "turned toward, in the direction of, facing"
},
"expansion": "*warþaz (“turned toward, in the direction of, facing”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-wards"
},
"expansion": "-wards",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-weardes"
},
"expansion": "-weardes",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-waarts"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -waarts",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-warts"
},
"expansion": "Low German -warts",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-wärts"
},
"expansion": "German -wärts",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-verðr"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -verðr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic -𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍃 (-wairþs)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vertere",
"3": "",
"4": "to turn"
},
"expansion": "Latin vertere (“to turn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "versus",
"3": "",
"4": "toward"
},
"expansion": "versus (“toward”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वर्तते",
"3": "",
"4": "he turns",
"tr": "vártate"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वर्तते (vártate, “he turns”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "worth",
"3": "",
"4": "to become"
},
"expansion": "worth (“to become”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verse"
},
"expansion": "verse",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -weard, from Proto-Germanic *wardaz, earlier *warþaz (“turned toward, in the direction of, facing”) (compare -wards, from -weardes).\nCognate with Dutch -waarts, Low German -warts, German -wärts, Icelandic -verðr, Gothic -𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍃 (-wairþs), Latin vertere (“to turn”) or versus (“toward”), and Sanskrit वर्तते (vártate, “he turns”). Also related to worth (“to become”). Compare verse.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ward",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ward",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forming adverbs denoting course or direction to, or motion or tendency toward, as in \"backward\", \"toward\", \"forward\", etc."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forming adjectives, as in \"a backward look\", \"the northward road\", etc; used even by speakers who usually use -wards for adverbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wəd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɚd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "-an, -an",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "ـًا، ـاً"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "l-",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "لـ"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "-waarts"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "-wärts"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-a",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "־ה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "l'-",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "ל־"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "-felé"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "-jigo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "-åt"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "ar-",
"sense": "forming adverbs",
"word": "אַר־"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "forming adjectives",
"word": "-waarts"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "forming adjectives",
"word": "-i"
}
],
"word": "-ward"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.