"怎" meaning in Chinese

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Character

IPA: /t͡sən²¹⁴/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sɐm³⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /t͡saːm³⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /tiːm³⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /t͡suoŋ³³/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /t͡siŋ³³/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /t͡suã⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /t͡suã⁵³/ [Hokkien, Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou], /t͡sai⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /t͡sãi⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /t͡sãi⁵³/ [Hokkien, Taipei, Xiamen], /t͡sa⁵³/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /t͡sa⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /t͡sua⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /t͡sua⁵³/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /t͡sai⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /t͡sai⁵³/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /t͡sim⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /t͡sim⁵³/ [Hokkien, Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou], /t͡səm⁵⁵⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /t͡sa⁵²/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /t͡sən²¹⁴/, /t͡sɐm³⁵/, /t͡saːm³⁵/, /tiːm³⁵/, /t͡suoŋ³³/, /t͡siŋ³³/, /t͡suã⁴¹/, /t͡suã⁵³/, /t͡sai⁴¹/, /t͡sãi⁴¹/, /t͡sãi⁵³/, /t͡sa⁵³/, /t͡sa⁴¹/, /t͡sua⁴¹/, /t͡sua⁵³/, /t͡sai⁴¹/, /t͡sai⁵³/, /t͡sim⁴¹/, /t͡sim⁵³/, /t͡səm⁵⁵⁴/, /t͡sa⁵²/, /t͡sən³⁴/ Chinese transliterations: zěn [Mandarin, Pinyin], zen³ [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄗㄣˇ [Mandarin, bopomofo], zam² [Cantonese, Jyutping], zaam² [Cantonese, Jyutping], dim² [Cantonese, Jyutping], ciōng, cīng, chóaⁿ [Hokkien, POJ], chài [Hokkien, POJ], cháiⁿ [Hokkien, POJ], chá [Hokkien, POJ], chóa [Hokkien, POJ], chái [Hokkien, POJ], chím [Hokkien, POJ], chérm [Hokkien, POJ], za² [Peng'im, Teochew], ⁵tsen, zěn [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], zěn [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], tsên³ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], dzěn [Mandarin, Yale], tzeen [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], цзэнь [Mandarin, Palladius], czɛnʹ [Mandarin, Palladius], jám [Cantonese, Yale], jáam [Cantonese, Yale], dím [Cantonese, Yale], dzam² [Cantonese, Pinyin], dzaam² [Cantonese, Pinyin], dim² [Cantonese, Pinyin], zem² [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], zam² [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], dim² [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], ciōng [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], cīng [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], tsuánn [Hokkien, Tai-lo], zvoar [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], tsài [Hokkien, Tai-lo], zaix [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], tsáinn [Hokkien, Tai-lo], zvae [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], tsá [Hokkien, Tai-lo], zar [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], tsuá [Hokkien, Tai-lo], zoar [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], tsái [Hokkien, Tai-lo], zae [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], tsím [Hokkien, Tai-lo], ciem [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], tsérm [Hokkien, Tai-lo], tsá [POJ, Teochew], ⁵tsen [Wu], tsen^去 [Wu], ²tsen [Wu], /t͡sən³⁴/ [Wu]
Etymology: Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声) : phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”). First attested in the word 怎生 [10th c.] (Yuan et al., 1996). Contraction of 作 (MC tsak) + some variant of 物 (MC mjut, “thing; what”), literally “to do what” (Norman, 1988). This is evidenced in forms found in the Tang and Song dynasties (Yuan et al., 1996): 作勿生 (MC tsak mjut sraeng) [8th c.], 作沒生 (MC tsak mwot sraeng) [8th c.], 作摩 (MC tsak ma) [10th c.], 作麼 (MC tsak maX) [10th c.]. Etymology templates: {{categorize|zh|Han phono-semantic compounds}}, {{liushu|psc|adj=|nocap=|pron=}} Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声), {{Han compound|乍|心|c1=p|c2=s|ls=psc|t2=heart}} Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声) : phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”), {{zh-l|*怎生}} 怎生, {{defdate|10th c.}} [10th c.], {{zh-ref|Yuan et al., 1996}} Yuan et al., 1996, {{ltc-l|作|id=3}} 作 (MC tsak), {{ltc-l|物|thing; what}} 物 (MC mjut, “thing; what”), {{zh-ref|Norman, 1988}} Norman, 1988, {{zh-ref|Yuan et al., 1996}} Yuan et al., 1996, {{ltc-l|作勿生|id=3,y,1}} 作勿生 (MC tsak mjut sraeng), {{defdate|8th c.}} [8th c.], {{ltc-l|作沒生|id=3,y,1}} 作沒生 (MC tsak mwot sraeng), {{defdate|8th c.}} [8th c.], {{ltc-l|作摩|id=3,1}} 作摩 (MC tsak ma), {{defdate|10th c.}} [10th c.], {{ltc-l|作麼|id=3,y}} 作麼 (MC tsak maX), {{defdate|10th c.}} [10th c.] Head templates: {{head|zh|hanzi}} 怎
  1. how; why
    Sense id: en-怎-zh-character-TncztQuJ Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Chinese pronouns, Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Eastern Min pronouns Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 100 0 Disambiguation of Chinese pronouns: 100 0 Disambiguation of Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 100 0 Disambiguation of Eastern Min pronouns: 100 0
  2. what
    Sense id: en-怎-zh-character-dJqywNBs
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: [Classical-Chinese], 如何 [Classical-Chinese], 怎麼 [formal, Standard-Chinese], 怎麼 [Mandarin, Beijing], 怎麼 [Mandarin, Taiwan], 怎麼 [Mandarin, Jinan], [Mandarin, Xi'an], 咋樣兒 [Mandarin, Xi'an], [Mandarin, Wuhan], 麼樣 [Mandarin, Wuhan], 哪樣 [Mandarin, Wuhan], [Mandarin, Chengdu], 咋個 [Mandarin, Chengdu], 啷個 [Mandarin, Chengdu], 啷個 [Mandarin, Chongqing], 井幹 [Mandarin, Yangzhou], 怎樣 [Mandarin, Hefei], [Mandarin, Hefei], 怎麼 [Mandarin, Singapore], [Mandarin], 咋的個 [Mandarin], 咋麼 [Mandarin], 咋麼個 [Mandarin], [Cantonese, Guangzhou], 點樣 [Cantonese, Guangzhou], [Cantonese, Hong-Kong], 點樣 [Cantonese, Hong-Kong], 幾何 [Cantonese, Taishan], [Cantonese, Guangfu, Kuala-Lumpur], [Cantonese, Guangfu, Singapore], [Gan, Nanchang], 啷樣 [Gan, Nanchang], 仰般 [Hakka, Meixian], 仰仔 [Hakka, Meixian], 仰般 [Hakka], 仰來 [Hakka], 仰般 [Hakka, Sixian, Miaoli, Northern], 仰仔 [Hakka, Sixian, Miaoli, Northern], 仰仔 [Hakka, Sixian, Pingtung], 仰般 [Hakka, Hsinchu-County], 仰脣 [Hakka, Taichung], [Hakka, Taichung], 仰般形 [Hakka, Hsinchu-County], 仰子 [Hakka, Yunlin], 采翹 [Huizhou, Jixi], [Jin, Taiyuan], 咋底 [Jin, Taiyuan], 怎怎 [Fuzhou], [Fuzhou], 怎其 [Fuzhou], 安難, 怎生, 安難 [Singapore], 按怎 [Xiamen], 怎影 [Xiamen], 按怎 [Taipei], 按怎 [Hokkien, Penang], 按怎 [Hokkien, Singapore], 障仔 [Hokkien, Manila], 按怎 [Hokkien, Manila], [Hokkien, Manila], 在生 [Chaozhou], 乜生 [Chaozhou], 做呢 [Chaozhou], 做物 [Chaozhou], 做呢 [Raoping], 做呢, 做呢 [Jieyang], 做呢 [Singapore, Teochew], 做物 [Singapore, Teochew], 做呢物 [Teochew], 做物 [Teochew], 怎作 [Wenchang], 作乜 [Wenchang], 咋作 [Haikou], 怎作 [Hainanese, Singapore], 哪能 [Wu, Shanghai], 捺亨 [Wu, Suzhou], [Wu, Ningbo], 咋貌 [Wu, Ningbo], 咋貌介 [Wu, Ningbo], 訾那 [Wu, Wenzhou], 訾那能 [Wu, Wenzhou], 何什 [Xiang, Changsha], 何裡 [Xiang, Changsha], 麼家 [Xiang, Shuangfeng] Derived forms: 不怎麼樣 (bùzěnmeyàng), 不怎么样 (bùzěnmeyàng), 不毬的怎, 不球的怎, 不知怎的, 多怎, 怎不, 怎價, 怎价, 怎向, 怎地 (zěnde), 怎奈, 怎奈向, 怎好, 怎得, 怎敢, 怎樣 (zěnyàng), 怎样 (zěnyàng), 怎樣着, 怎生 (zěnshēng), 怎生向, 怎當, 怎当, 怎當得, 怎当得, 怎的, 怎知 (zěnzhī), 怎見得, 怎见得, 怎許, 怎许, 怎說, 怎说, 怎麼, 怎么, 怎麼得了 (zěnme déliǎo), 怎么得了 (zěnme déliǎo), 怎麼搞的, 怎么搞的, 怎麼會, 怎么会, 怎麼樣 (zěnmeyàng), 怎么样 (zěnmeyàng), 怎麼著, 怎麼着, 怎么着, 怎麼辦 (zěnmebàn), 怎么办 (zěnmebàn), 按怎 (àn-chóaⁿ) [Min-Nan]

Download JSON data for 怎 meaning in Chinese (15.8kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bùzěnmeyàng",
      "word": "不怎麼樣"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bùzěnmeyàng",
      "word": "不怎么样"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "不毬的怎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "不球的怎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "不知怎的"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "多怎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎不"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎價"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎价"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎向"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zěnde",
      "word": "怎地"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎奈"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎奈向"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎好"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎得"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎敢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zěnyàng",
      "word": "怎樣"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zěnyàng",
      "word": "怎样"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎樣着"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zěnshēng",
      "word": "怎生"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎生向"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎當"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎当"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎當得"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎当得"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎的"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zěnzhī",
      "word": "怎知"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎見得"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎见得"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎許"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎许"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎說"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎说"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎麼"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎么"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zěnme déliǎo",
      "word": "怎麼得了"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zěnme déliǎo",
      "word": "怎么得了"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎麼搞的"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎么搞的"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎麼會"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎么会"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zěnmeyàng",
      "word": "怎麼樣"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zěnmeyàng",
      "word": "怎么样"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎麼著"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎麼着"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎么着"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zěnmebàn",
      "word": "怎麼辦"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zěnmebàn",
      "word": "怎么办"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "àn-chóaⁿ",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan"
      ],
      "word": "按怎"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "psc",
        "adj": "",
        "nocap": "",
        "pron": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声)",
      "name": "liushu"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "乍",
        "2": "心",
        "c1": "p",
        "c2": "s",
        "ls": "psc",
        "t2": "heart"
      },
      "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声) : phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”)",
      "name": "Han compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*怎生"
      },
      "expansion": "怎生",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "10th c."
      },
      "expansion": "[10th c.]",
      "name": "defdate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Yuan et al., 1996"
      },
      "expansion": "Yuan et al., 1996",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "作",
        "id": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "作 (MC tsak)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "物",
        "2": "thing; what"
      },
      "expansion": "物 (MC mjut, “thing; what”)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Norman, 1988"
      },
      "expansion": "Norman, 1988",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Yuan et al., 1996"
      },
      "expansion": "Yuan et al., 1996",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "作勿生",
        "id": "3,y,1"
      },
      "expansion": "作勿生 (MC tsak mjut sraeng)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "8th c."
      },
      "expansion": "[8th c.]",
      "name": "defdate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "作沒生",
        "id": "3,y,1"
      },
      "expansion": "作沒生 (MC tsak mwot sraeng)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "8th c."
      },
      "expansion": "[8th c.]",
      "name": "defdate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "作摩",
        "id": "3,1"
      },
      "expansion": "作摩 (MC tsak ma)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "10th c."
      },
      "expansion": "[10th c.]",
      "name": "defdate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "作麼",
        "id": "3,y"
      },
      "expansion": "作麼 (MC tsak maX)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "10th c."
      },
      "expansion": "[10th c.]",
      "name": "defdate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声) : phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”).\nFirst attested in the word 怎生 [10th c.] (Yuan et al., 1996).\nContraction of 作 (MC tsak) + some variant of 物 (MC mjut, “thing; what”), literally “to do what” (Norman, 1988). This is evidenced in forms found in the Tang and Song dynasties (Yuan et al., 1996): 作勿生 (MC tsak mjut sraeng) [8th c.], 作沒生 (MC tsak mwot sraeng) [8th c.], 作摩 (MC tsak ma) [10th c.], 作麼 (MC tsak maX) [10th c.].",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "怎",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Eastern Min pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "how; why"
      ],
      "id": "en-怎-zh-character-TncztQuJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "how",
          "how"
        ],
        [
          "why",
          "why"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "what"
      ],
      "id": "en-怎-zh-character-dJqywNBs",
      "links": [
        [
          "what",
          "what"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zěn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zen³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄗㄣˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zaam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dim²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "ciōng"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "cīng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chóaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chài"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cháiⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chóa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chái"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chím"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chérm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "za²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁵tsen"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zěn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zěn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsên³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzěn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tzeen"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "цзэнь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "czɛnʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sən²¹⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jáam"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dím"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzaam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dim²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zem²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dim²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɐm³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡saːm³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiːm³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ciōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cīng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suoŋ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siŋ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsuánn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zvoar"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suã⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suã⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsài"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zaix"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sai⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsáinn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zvae"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sãi⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sãi⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zar"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsuá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zoar"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sua⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sua⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsái"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zae"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sai⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sai⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsím"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ciem"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sim⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sim⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsérm"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡səm⁵⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsá"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa⁵²/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁵tsen"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsen^去"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "²tsen"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/t͡sən³⁴/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ chài /"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ chá /"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ chái /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sən²¹⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɐm³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡saːm³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiːm³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suoŋ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siŋ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suã⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suã⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sai⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sãi⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sãi⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sua⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sua⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sai⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sai⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sim⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sim⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡səm⁵⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/chài/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/chá/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa⁵²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sən³⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "何"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "如何"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "怎麼"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Beijing"
      ],
      "word": "怎麼"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Taiwan"
      ],
      "word": "怎麼"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Jinan"
      ],
      "word": "怎麼"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Xi'an"
      ],
      "word": "咋"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Xi'an"
      ],
      "word": "咋樣兒"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wuhan"
      ],
      "word": "麼"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wuhan"
      ],
      "word": "麼樣"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wuhan"
      ],
      "word": "哪樣"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Chengdu"
      ],
      "word": "咋"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Chengdu"
      ],
      "word": "咋個"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Chengdu"
      ],
      "word": "啷個"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Chongqing"
      ],
      "word": "啷個"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "井幹"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Hefei"
      ],
      "word": "怎樣"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Hefei"
      ],
      "word": "怎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "怎麼"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "word": "咋"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "word": "咋的個"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "word": "咋麼"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "word": "咋麼個"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "點"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "點樣"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "word": "點"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "word": "點樣"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan"
      ],
      "word": "幾何"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangfu",
        "Kuala-Lumpur"
      ],
      "word": "點"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangfu",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "點"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang"
      ],
      "word": "啷"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang"
      ],
      "word": "啷樣"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "word": "仰般"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "word": "仰仔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka"
      ],
      "word": "仰般"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka"
      ],
      "word": "仰來"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern"
      ],
      "word": "仰般"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern"
      ],
      "word": "仰仔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Pingtung"
      ],
      "word": "仰仔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hsinchu-County"
      ],
      "word": "仰般"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Taichung"
      ],
      "word": "仰脣"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Taichung"
      ],
      "word": "仰"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hsinchu-County"
      ],
      "word": "仰般形"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Yunlin"
      ],
      "word": "仰子"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Huizhou",
        "Jixi"
      ],
      "word": "采翹"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan"
      ],
      "word": "咋"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan"
      ],
      "word": "咋底"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "word": "怎怎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "word": "怎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "word": "怎其"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "安難"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "怎生"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "安難"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "按怎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "怎影"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Taipei"
      ],
      "word": "按怎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Penang"
      ],
      "word": "按怎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "按怎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Manila"
      ],
      "word": "障仔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Manila"
      ],
      "word": "按怎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Manila"
      ],
      "word": "怎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Chaozhou"
      ],
      "word": "在生"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Chaozhou"
      ],
      "word": "乜生"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Chaozhou"
      ],
      "word": "做呢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Chaozhou"
      ],
      "word": "做物"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Raoping"
      ],
      "word": "做呢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "做呢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Jieyang"
      ],
      "word": "做呢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Singapore",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "做呢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Singapore",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "做物"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "做呢物"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "做物"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Wenchang"
      ],
      "word": "怎作"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Wenchang"
      ],
      "word": "作乜"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Haikou"
      ],
      "word": "咋作"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hainanese",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "怎作"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "word": "哪能"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Suzhou"
      ],
      "word": "捺亨"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Ningbo"
      ],
      "word": "咋"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Ningbo"
      ],
      "word": "咋貌"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Ningbo"
      ],
      "word": "咋貌介"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Wenzhou"
      ],
      "word": "訾那"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Wenzhou"
      ],
      "word": "訾那能"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Changsha"
      ],
      "word": "何什"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Changsha"
      ],
      "word": "何裡"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Shuangfeng"
      ],
      "word": "麼家"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Song dynasty",
    "Tang dynasty"
  ],
  "word": "怎"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese Han characters",
    "Chinese adverbs",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese pronouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Eastern Min adverbs",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "Eastern Min pronouns"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "bùzěnmeyàng",
      "word": "不怎麼樣"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bùzěnmeyàng",
      "word": "不怎么样"
    },
    {
      "word": "不毬的怎"
    },
    {
      "word": "不球的怎"
    },
    {
      "word": "不知怎的"
    },
    {
      "word": "多怎"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎不"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎價"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎价"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎向"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zěnde",
      "word": "怎地"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎奈"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎奈向"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎好"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎得"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎敢"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zěnyàng",
      "word": "怎樣"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zěnyàng",
      "word": "怎样"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎樣着"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zěnshēng",
      "word": "怎生"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎生向"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎當"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎当"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎當得"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎当得"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎的"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zěnzhī",
      "word": "怎知"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎見得"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎见得"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎許"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎许"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎說"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎说"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎麼"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎么"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zěnme déliǎo",
      "word": "怎麼得了"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zěnme déliǎo",
      "word": "怎么得了"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎麼搞的"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎么搞的"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎麼會"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎么会"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zěnmeyàng",
      "word": "怎麼樣"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zěnmeyàng",
      "word": "怎么样"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎麼著"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎麼着"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎么着"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zěnmebàn",
      "word": "怎麼辦"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zěnmebàn",
      "word": "怎么办"
    },
    {
      "roman": "àn-chóaⁿ",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan"
      ],
      "word": "按怎"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "categorize"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "psc",
        "adj": "",
        "nocap": "",
        "pron": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声)",
      "name": "liushu"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "乍",
        "2": "心",
        "c1": "p",
        "c2": "s",
        "ls": "psc",
        "t2": "heart"
      },
      "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声) : phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”)",
      "name": "Han compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*怎生"
      },
      "expansion": "怎生",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "10th c."
      },
      "expansion": "[10th c.]",
      "name": "defdate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Yuan et al., 1996"
      },
      "expansion": "Yuan et al., 1996",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "作",
        "id": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "作 (MC tsak)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "物",
        "2": "thing; what"
      },
      "expansion": "物 (MC mjut, “thing; what”)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Norman, 1988"
      },
      "expansion": "Norman, 1988",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Yuan et al., 1996"
      },
      "expansion": "Yuan et al., 1996",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "作勿生",
        "id": "3,y,1"
      },
      "expansion": "作勿生 (MC tsak mjut sraeng)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "8th c."
      },
      "expansion": "[8th c.]",
      "name": "defdate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "作沒生",
        "id": "3,y,1"
      },
      "expansion": "作沒生 (MC tsak mwot sraeng)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "8th c."
      },
      "expansion": "[8th c.]",
      "name": "defdate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "作摩",
        "id": "3,1"
      },
      "expansion": "作摩 (MC tsak ma)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "10th c."
      },
      "expansion": "[10th c.]",
      "name": "defdate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "作麼",
        "id": "3,y"
      },
      "expansion": "作麼 (MC tsak maX)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "10th c."
      },
      "expansion": "[10th c.]",
      "name": "defdate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声) : phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”).\nFirst attested in the word 怎生 [10th c.] (Yuan et al., 1996).\nContraction of 作 (MC tsak) + some variant of 物 (MC mjut, “thing; what”), literally “to do what” (Norman, 1988). This is evidenced in forms found in the Tang and Song dynasties (Yuan et al., 1996): 作勿生 (MC tsak mjut sraeng) [8th c.], 作沒生 (MC tsak mwot sraeng) [8th c.], 作摩 (MC tsak ma) [10th c.], 作麼 (MC tsak maX) [10th c.].",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "怎",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "how; why"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "how",
          "how"
        ],
        [
          "why",
          "why"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "what"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "what",
          "what"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zěn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zen³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄗㄣˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zaam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dim²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "ciōng"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "cīng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chóaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chài"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cháiⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chóa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chái"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chím"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chérm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "za²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁵tsen"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zěn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zěn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsên³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzěn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tzeen"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "цзэнь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "czɛnʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sən²¹⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jáam"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dím"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzaam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dim²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zem²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dim²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɐm³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡saːm³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiːm³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ciōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cīng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suoŋ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siŋ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsuánn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zvoar"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suã⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suã⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsài"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zaix"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sai⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsáinn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zvae"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sãi⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sãi⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zar"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsuá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zoar"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sua⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sua⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsái"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zae"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sai⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sai⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsím"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ciem"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sim⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sim⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsérm"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡səm⁵⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsá"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa⁵²/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁵tsen"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsen^去"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "²tsen"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/t͡sən³⁴/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ chài /"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ chá /"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ chái /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sən²¹⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɐm³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡saːm³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiːm³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suoŋ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡siŋ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suã⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suã⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sai⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sãi⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sãi⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sua⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sua⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sai⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sai⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sim⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sim⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡səm⁵⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/chài/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/chá/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa⁵²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sən³⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "何"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "如何"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "怎麼"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Beijing"
      ],
      "word": "怎麼"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Taiwan"
      ],
      "word": "怎麼"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Jinan"
      ],
      "word": "怎麼"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Xi'an"
      ],
      "word": "咋"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Xi'an"
      ],
      "word": "咋樣兒"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wuhan"
      ],
      "word": "麼"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wuhan"
      ],
      "word": "麼樣"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wuhan"
      ],
      "word": "哪樣"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Chengdu"
      ],
      "word": "咋"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Chengdu"
      ],
      "word": "咋個"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Chengdu"
      ],
      "word": "啷個"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Chongqing"
      ],
      "word": "啷個"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "井幹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Hefei"
      ],
      "word": "怎樣"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Hefei"
      ],
      "word": "怎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "怎麼"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "word": "咋"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "word": "咋的個"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "word": "咋麼"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "word": "咋麼個"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "點"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "點樣"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "word": "點"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "word": "點樣"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan"
      ],
      "word": "幾何"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangfu",
        "Kuala-Lumpur"
      ],
      "word": "點"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangfu",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "點"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang"
      ],
      "word": "啷"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang"
      ],
      "word": "啷樣"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "word": "仰般"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "word": "仰仔"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka"
      ],
      "word": "仰般"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka"
      ],
      "word": "仰來"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern"
      ],
      "word": "仰般"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern"
      ],
      "word": "仰仔"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Pingtung"
      ],
      "word": "仰仔"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hsinchu-County"
      ],
      "word": "仰般"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Taichung"
      ],
      "word": "仰脣"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Taichung"
      ],
      "word": "仰"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hsinchu-County"
      ],
      "word": "仰般"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hsinchu-County"
      ],
      "word": "仰般形"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Yunlin"
      ],
      "word": "仰子"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Huizhou",
        "Jixi"
      ],
      "word": "采翹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan"
      ],
      "word": "咋"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan"
      ],
      "word": "咋底"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "word": "怎怎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "word": "怎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "word": "怎其"
    },
    {
      "word": "安難"
    },
    {
      "word": "怎生"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "安難"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "按怎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "怎影"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Taipei"
      ],
      "word": "按怎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Penang"
      ],
      "word": "按怎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "按怎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Manila"
      ],
      "word": "障仔"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Manila"
      ],
      "word": "按怎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Manila"
      ],
      "word": "怎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chaozhou"
      ],
      "word": "在生"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chaozhou"
      ],
      "word": "乜生"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chaozhou"
      ],
      "word": "做呢"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chaozhou"
      ],
      "word": "做物"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Raoping"
      ],
      "word": "做呢"
    },
    {
      "word": "做呢"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jieyang"
      ],
      "word": "做呢"
    },
    {
      "word": "做呢"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Singapore",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "做呢"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Singapore",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "做物"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "做呢物"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "做物"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wenchang"
      ],
      "word": "怎作"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wenchang"
      ],
      "word": "作乜"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Haikou"
      ],
      "word": "咋作"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hainanese",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "怎作"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "word": "哪能"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Suzhou"
      ],
      "word": "捺亨"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Ningbo"
      ],
      "word": "咋"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Ningbo"
      ],
      "word": "咋貌"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Ningbo"
      ],
      "word": "咋貌介"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Wenzhou"
      ],
      "word": "訾那"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Wenzhou"
      ],
      "word": "訾那能"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Changsha"
      ],
      "word": "何什"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Changsha"
      ],
      "word": "何裡"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Shuangfeng"
      ],
      "word": "麼家"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Song dynasty",
    "Tang dynasty"
  ],
  "word": "怎"
}
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.