"敢" meaning in Chinese

See in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Character

IPA: /kän²¹⁴/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kan⁵³/ [Chengdu, Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kɐm³⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /kam⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA, Taicheng, Taishanese], /kɵn²¹³/ [Gan, Nanchang, Sinological-IPA], /kam³¹/ [Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /kam³¹/ [Hakka, Meinong, Sinological-IPA, Sixian, Southern], /kam⁵⁵/ [Hakka, Meinong, Sinological-IPA, Sixian, Southern], /kam³¹/ [Hakka, Meixian, Sinological-IPA], /kæ̃⁵³/ [Jin, Sinological-IPA, Taiyuan], /kɔŋ²¹/ [Jian'ou, Sinological-IPA], /kaŋ³³/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /kã⁴²/ [Hokkien, Singapore], /kã⁵⁵⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /kã⁵³/ [Hokkien, Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou], /kã⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /kam⁵³/ [Hokkien, Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou], /kam⁵⁵⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /kam⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /kiam⁵³/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /kan⁵³/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /kã⁵²/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /kan⁴¹/ [Changsha, Sinological-IPA, Xiang], /kän²¹⁴/, /kan⁵³/, /kɐm³⁵/, /kam⁵⁵/, /kɵn²¹³/, /kam³¹/, /kam³¹/, /kam⁵⁵/, /kam³¹/, /kæ̃⁵³/, /kɔŋ²¹/, /kaŋ³³/, /kã⁴²/, /kã⁵⁵⁴/, /kã⁵³/, /kã⁴¹/, /kam⁵³/, /kam⁵⁵⁴/, /kam⁴¹/, /kiam⁵³/, /kan⁵³/, /kã⁵²/, /kø³⁴/, /kan⁴¹/ Chinese transliterations: gǎn [Mandarin, Pinyin, standard], gan³ [Mandarin, Pinyin, standard], ㄍㄢˇ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], gan³ [Chengdu, Mandarin, Pinyin, Sichuanese], gam² [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Jyutping], gam² [Cantonese, Taishan, Wiktionary-specific], gon³ [Gan, Wiktionary-specific], kám [Hakka, PFS, Sixian], kam [Hakka, PFS, Sixian], gam³ [Guangdong, Hakka, Meixian], gan² [Jin, Wiktionary-specific], gǒ̤ng, gāng, káⁿ [Hokkien, POJ], kám [Hokkien, POJ], kiám [Hokkien, POJ], kán [Hokkien, POJ], gan² [Peng'im, Teochew], ⁵koe, gan³, gǎn [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], ㄍㄢˇ [Mandarin, bopomofo], gǎn [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], kan³ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], gǎn [Mandarin, Yale], gaan [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], гань [Mandarin, Palladius], ganʹ [Mandarin, Palladius], gan [Chengdu, Latinxua-Sin-Wenz, Mandarin], gam² [Cantonese, Jyutping], gám [Cantonese, Yale], gam² [Cantonese, Pinyin], gem² [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], gam² [Cantonese, Taicheng, Taishanese, Wiktionary-specific], gon³ [Gan, Nanchang, Wiktionary-specific], kám [Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], gam` [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Miaoli, Northern, Sixian], gam³ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Sixian], kám [Hakka, Meinong, Phak-fa-su, Sixian, Southern], kam [Hakka, Meinong, Phak-fa-su, Sixian, Southern], gam` [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Sixian, Southern], gam [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Sixian, Southern], gam³ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Sixian, Southern], gam⁴ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Sixian, Southern], gan² [Jin, Taiyuan, Wiktionary-specific], gǒ̤ng [Jian'ou, Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized], gāng [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], kánn [Hokkien, Tai-lo], kvar [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], kám [Hokkien, Tai-lo], karm [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], kiám [Hokkien, Tai-lo], kiarm [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], kán [Hokkien, Tai-lo], karn [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], káⁿ [POJ, Teochew], ⁵koe [Wu], koe^去 [Wu], ²koe [Wu], /kø³⁴/ [Wu], gan³ [Changsha, Wiktionary-specific, Xiang], kamX [Middle-Chinese], /*[k]ˤamʔ/ [Baxter-Sagart, Old-Chinese], /*klaːmʔ/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang]
Etymology: From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/m-wam (“to dare”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Etymology templates: {{inh|zh|sit-pro|*s/m-wam||to dare}} Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/m-wam (“to dare”), {{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}} Schuessler, 2007 Head templates: {{head|zh|hanzi}} 敢
  1. bold; brave; daring
    Sense id: en-敢-zh-character-CwuF6szA
  2. to dare (to); to venture (to)
    Sense id: en-敢-zh-character-OQta-tIH
  3. to be sure; to be certain; to bet; to presume
    Sense id: en-敢-zh-character-5d0y~xf1 Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 2 1 34 8 28 0 25
  4. (polite) may I venture Tags: polite
    Sense id: en-敢-zh-character-~u-9O7CJ Categories (other): Chinese links with redundant alt parameters, Chinese links with redundant wikilinks
  5. (literary or Hokkien, Teochew, Taiwanese Hakka, rhetorical question) can it be possible that; how Tags: Teochew, rhetoric Categories (topical): Chinese rhetorical questions
    Sense id: en-敢-zh-character-jgdoFFM6 Categories (other): Hokkien Chinese, Taiwanese Hakka, Teochew Chinese, Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 2 1 34 8 28 0 25
  6. (archaic or Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) perhaps Tags: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou-Hokkien
    Sense id: en-敢-zh-character-G6LrsnXo Categories (other): Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien
  7. (Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka) Interrogative adverb, placed before the verb to create a yes-no question. Tags: Taiwanese-Hokkien
    Sense id: en-敢-zh-character-ZK~tQVxp Categories (other): Taiwanese Hakka, Taiwanese Hokkien, Beginning Mandarin, Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Beginning Mandarin: 20 9 16 5 15 4 31 Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 2 1 34 8 28 0 25
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: (kěn)
Derived forms: 不敢 (bùgǎn), 不敢出氣, 不敢出气, 不敢則聲, 不敢则声, 不敢告勞, 不敢告劳, 不敢吭聲, 不敢吭声, 不敢妄言, 不敢後人, 不敢后人, 不敢從命, 不敢从命, 不敢欺, 不敢當 (bùgǎndāng), 不敢当 (bùgǎndāng), 何敢 (hégǎn), 到敢, 勇敢 (yǒnggǎn), 勇猛果敢, 怕敢, 愧不敢當, 愧不敢当, 敢且, 敢作敢為 (gǎnzuògǎnwéi), 敢作敢为 (gǎnzuògǎnwéi), 敢作敢當, 敢作敢当, 敢保, 敢做敢當 (gǎnzuògǎndāng), 敢做敢当 (gǎnzuògǎndāng), 敢則, 敢则, 敢則是, 敢则是, 敢勇當先, 敢勇当先, 敢只是, 敢問 (gǎnwèn), 敢问 (gǎnwèn), 敢待, 敢怕, 敢怒而不敢言, 敢情, 敢攀玉趾, 敢於 (gǎnyú), 敢于 (gǎnyú), 敢是, 敢死 (gǎnsǐ), 敢死士, 敢死軍 (gǎnsǐjūn), 敢死军 (gǎnsǐjūn), 敢死隊 (gǎnsǐduì), 敢死队 (gǎnsǐduì), 敢當 (gǎndāng), 敢当 (gǎndāng), 敢緊, 敢紧, 敢自 (gǎnzì), 敢若 (káⁿ-ná) [Min-Nan], 敢莫是, 敢言, 敢請, 敢请, 未敢 (wèigǎn), 果敢 (guǒgǎn), 正色敢言, 石敢當 (shígǎndāng), 石敢当 (shígǎndāng), 膽敢 (dǎngǎn), 胆敢 (dǎngǎn), 莫敢是, 莫敢誰何 (mògǎn-shuíhé), 莫敢谁何 (mògǎn-shuíhé), 豈敢 (qǐgǎn), 岂敢 (qǐgǎn), 竟敢 (jìnggǎn), 鬼子敢爾, 鬼子敢尔

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for 敢 meaning in Chinese (17.1kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "bùgǎn",
      "word": "不敢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "不敢出氣"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "不敢出气"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "不敢則聲"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "不敢则声"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "不敢告勞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "不敢告劳"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "不敢吭聲"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "不敢吭声"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "不敢妄言"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "不敢後人"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "不敢后人"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "不敢從命"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "不敢从命"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "不敢欺"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "bùgǎndāng",
      "word": "不敢當"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "bùgǎndāng",
      "word": "不敢当"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hégǎn",
      "word": "何敢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "到敢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "yǒnggǎn",
      "word": "勇敢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "勇猛果敢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "怕敢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "愧不敢當"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "愧不敢当"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢且"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gǎnzuògǎnwéi",
      "word": "敢作敢為"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gǎnzuògǎnwéi",
      "word": "敢作敢为"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢作敢當"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢作敢当"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢保"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gǎnzuògǎndāng",
      "word": "敢做敢當"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gǎnzuògǎndāng",
      "word": "敢做敢当"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢則"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢则"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢則是"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢则是"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢勇當先"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢勇当先"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢只是"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gǎnwèn",
      "word": "敢問"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gǎnwèn",
      "word": "敢问"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢待"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢怕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢怒而不敢言"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢情"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢攀玉趾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gǎnyú",
      "word": "敢於"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gǎnyú",
      "word": "敢于"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢是"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gǎnsǐ",
      "word": "敢死"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢死士"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gǎnsǐjūn",
      "word": "敢死軍"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gǎnsǐjūn",
      "word": "敢死军"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gǎnsǐduì",
      "word": "敢死隊"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gǎnsǐduì",
      "word": "敢死队"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gǎndāng",
      "word": "敢當"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gǎndāng",
      "word": "敢当"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢緊"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢紧"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gǎnzì",
      "word": "敢自"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "káⁿ-ná",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan"
      ],
      "word": "敢若"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢莫是"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢言"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢請"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "敢请"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "wèigǎn",
      "word": "未敢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "guǒgǎn",
      "word": "果敢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "正色敢言"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "shígǎndāng",
      "word": "石敢當"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "shígǎndāng",
      "word": "石敢当"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "dǎngǎn",
      "word": "膽敢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "dǎngǎn",
      "word": "胆敢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "莫敢是"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "mògǎn-shuíhé",
      "word": "莫敢誰何"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "mògǎn-shuíhé",
      "word": "莫敢谁何"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "qǐgǎn",
      "word": "豈敢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "qǐgǎn",
      "word": "岂敢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jìnggǎn",
      "word": "竟敢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "鬼子敢爾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "鬼子敢尔"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "sit-pro",
        "3": "*s/m-wam",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to dare"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/m-wam (“to dare”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Schuessler, 2007"
      },
      "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/m-wam (“to dare”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "敢",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kěn",
      "word": "肯"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bold; brave; daring"
      ],
      "id": "en-敢-zh-character-CwuF6szA",
      "links": [
        [
          "bold",
          "bold"
        ],
        [
          "brave",
          "brave"
        ],
        [
          "daring",
          "daring"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "We must dare to think, speak up and act.",
          "ref": "我們必須敢想,敢說,敢幹。 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "我们必须敢想,敢说,敢干。 [MSC, simp.]\nWǒmen bìxū gǎn xiǎng, gǎn shuō, gǎn gàn. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "He didn't dare to look at her in the face.",
          "ref": "他不敢正眼看她。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]",
          "text": "Tā bù gǎn zhèng yǎnkàn tā. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Very few people ventured to go out on that stormy night.",
          "ref": "在那個風雨交加的夜晚,很少有人敢出去。 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "在那个风雨交加的夜晚,很少有人敢出去。 [MSC, simp.]\nZài nà ge fēngyǔ jiāojiā de yèwǎn, hěn shào yǒurén gǎn chūqù. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to dare (to); to venture (to)"
      ],
      "id": "en-敢-zh-character-OQta-tIH",
      "links": [
        [
          "dare",
          "dare"
        ],
        [
          "venture",
          "venture"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 1 34 8 28 0 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to be sure, to be certain",
          "roman": "gǎn kěndìng",
          "text": "敢肯定",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to be sure, to be certain",
          "roman": "gǎn shuō",
          "text": "敢說/敢说",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I bet you can't do this puzzle.",
          "ref": "我敢說你解決不了這個難題。 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "我敢说你解决不了这个难题。 [MSC, simp.]\nWǒ gǎn shuō nǐ jiějuébuliǎo zhè ge nántí. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be sure; to be certain; to bet; to presume"
      ],
      "id": "en-敢-zh-character-5d0y~xf1",
      "links": [
        [
          "sure",
          "sure"
        ],
        [
          "certain",
          "certain"
        ],
        [
          "bet",
          "bet"
        ],
        [
          "presume",
          "presume"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "may I ask",
          "roman": "gǎn wèn",
          "text": "敢問/敢问",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Dare I ask where is the road? The road is beneath our feet.",
          "ref": "敢問路在何方?路在腳下。 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "敢问路在何方?路在脚下。 [MSC, simp.]\nFrom: 1986, 閻肅 Yan Su (lyricist) & 許鏡清 Xu Jingqing (composer),《敢問路在何方》\"Dare I ask where is the road?\"\nGǎn wèn lù zài héfāng? Lù zài jiǎoxià. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "may I venture"
      ],
      "id": "en-敢-zh-character-~u-9O7CJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "venture",
          "venture"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(polite) may I venture"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "name": "Chinese rhetorical questions",
          "parents": [
            "Rhetorical questions",
            "Idioms",
            "Questions",
            "Sentences",
            "Figures of speech",
            "Multiword terms",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Rhetoric",
            "Lemmas",
            "Language",
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hokkien Chinese",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Taiwanese Hakka",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Teochew Chinese",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 1 34 8 28 0 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "alt. forms: 豈/岂 (qǐ)"
        },
        {
          "text": "敢通按呢? [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― Kám thang án-ne? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― How could it be like this?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "can it be possible that; how"
      ],
      "id": "en-敢-zh-character-jgdoFFM6",
      "links": [
        [
          "can",
          "can"
        ],
        [
          "it",
          "it"
        ],
        [
          "possible",
          "possible"
        ],
        [
          "how",
          "how"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "literary or Hokkien; Taiwanese Hakka; literary or Hokkien; Taiwanese Hakka",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary or Hokkien, Teochew, Taiwanese Hakka, rhetorical question) can it be possible that; how"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Teochew",
        "rhetoric"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Quanzhou Hokkien",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Xiamen Hokkien",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Zhangzhou Hokkien",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "perhaps"
      ],
      "id": "en-敢-zh-character-G6LrsnXo",
      "links": [
        [
          "perhaps",
          "perhaps"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "archaic or Xiamen",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic or Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) perhaps"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Quanzhou",
        "Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Taiwanese Hakka",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Taiwanese Hokkien",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 9 16 5 15 4 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Beginning Mandarin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 1 34 8 28 0 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "alt. forms: 咁 (hán), 甘 (gān), 干"
        },
        {
          "text": "你敢有閒?/你敢有闲? [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― Lí kám ū-êng? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― Are you free?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Interrogative adverb, placed before the verb to create a yes-no question."
      ],
      "id": "en-敢-zh-character-ZK~tQVxp",
      "qualifier": "Taiwanese Hakka",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka) Interrogative adverb, placed before the verb to create a yes-no question."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Taiwanese-Hokkien"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gǎn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄢˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gon³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kam"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gan²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "gǒ̤ng"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "gāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "káⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kiám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gan²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁵koe"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "gan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gǎn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄢˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gǎn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gǎn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gaan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ganʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kän²¹⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gan"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kan⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gem²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐm³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gon³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɵn²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kam"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gan²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kæ̃⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gǒ̤ng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔŋ²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaŋ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kánn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kvar"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁴²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Singapore"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁵⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "karm"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁵⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kiám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kiarm"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiam⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "karn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kan⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "káⁿ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁵²/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁵koe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "koe^去"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "²koe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/kø³⁴/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gan³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kan⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Xiang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kamX"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤamʔ/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*klaːmʔ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ kám /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kän²¹⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kan⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐm³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɵn²¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kæ̃⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔŋ²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaŋ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁴²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁵⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁵⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiam⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kan⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁵²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kø³⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kan⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[k]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*klaːmʔ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "敢"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Beginning Mandarin",
    "Chinese Han characters",
    "Chinese adjectives",
    "Chinese adverbs",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
    "Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese verbs",
    "Eastern Min adjectives",
    "Eastern Min adverbs",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "Eastern Min verbs",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Northern Min adjectives",
    "Northern Min adverbs",
    "Northern Min lemmas",
    "Northern Min verbs",
    "Old Chinese lemmas"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "bùgǎn",
      "word": "不敢"
    },
    {
      "word": "不敢出氣"
    },
    {
      "word": "不敢出气"
    },
    {
      "word": "不敢則聲"
    },
    {
      "word": "不敢则声"
    },
    {
      "word": "不敢告勞"
    },
    {
      "word": "不敢告劳"
    },
    {
      "word": "不敢吭聲"
    },
    {
      "word": "不敢吭声"
    },
    {
      "word": "不敢妄言"
    },
    {
      "word": "不敢後人"
    },
    {
      "word": "不敢后人"
    },
    {
      "word": "不敢從命"
    },
    {
      "word": "不敢从命"
    },
    {
      "word": "不敢欺"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bùgǎndāng",
      "word": "不敢當"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bùgǎndāng",
      "word": "不敢当"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hégǎn",
      "word": "何敢"
    },
    {
      "word": "到敢"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yǒnggǎn",
      "word": "勇敢"
    },
    {
      "word": "勇猛果敢"
    },
    {
      "word": "怕敢"
    },
    {
      "word": "愧不敢當"
    },
    {
      "word": "愧不敢当"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢且"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎnzuògǎnwéi",
      "word": "敢作敢為"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎnzuògǎnwéi",
      "word": "敢作敢为"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢作敢當"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢作敢当"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢保"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎnzuògǎndāng",
      "word": "敢做敢當"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎnzuògǎndāng",
      "word": "敢做敢当"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢則"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢则"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢則是"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢则是"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢勇當先"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢勇当先"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢只是"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎnwèn",
      "word": "敢問"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎnwèn",
      "word": "敢问"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢待"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢怕"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢怒而不敢言"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢情"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢攀玉趾"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎnyú",
      "word": "敢於"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎnyú",
      "word": "敢于"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢是"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎnsǐ",
      "word": "敢死"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢死士"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎnsǐjūn",
      "word": "敢死軍"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎnsǐjūn",
      "word": "敢死军"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎnsǐduì",
      "word": "敢死隊"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎnsǐduì",
      "word": "敢死队"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎndāng",
      "word": "敢當"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎndāng",
      "word": "敢当"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢緊"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢紧"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gǎnzì",
      "word": "敢自"
    },
    {
      "roman": "káⁿ-ná",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan"
      ],
      "word": "敢若"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢莫是"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢言"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢請"
    },
    {
      "word": "敢请"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wèigǎn",
      "word": "未敢"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guǒgǎn",
      "word": "果敢"
    },
    {
      "word": "正色敢言"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shígǎndāng",
      "word": "石敢當"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shígǎndāng",
      "word": "石敢当"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dǎngǎn",
      "word": "膽敢"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dǎngǎn",
      "word": "胆敢"
    },
    {
      "word": "莫敢是"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mògǎn-shuíhé",
      "word": "莫敢誰何"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mògǎn-shuíhé",
      "word": "莫敢谁何"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qǐgǎn",
      "word": "豈敢"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qǐgǎn",
      "word": "岂敢"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìnggǎn",
      "word": "竟敢"
    },
    {
      "word": "鬼子敢爾"
    },
    {
      "word": "鬼子敢尔"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "sit-pro",
        "3": "*s/m-wam",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to dare"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/m-wam (“to dare”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Schuessler, 2007"
      },
      "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/m-wam (“to dare”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "敢",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "kěn",
      "word": "肯"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bold; brave; daring"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bold",
          "bold"
        ],
        [
          "brave",
          "brave"
        ],
        [
          "daring",
          "daring"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "We must dare to think, speak up and act.",
          "ref": "我們必須敢想,敢說,敢幹。 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "我们必须敢想,敢说,敢干。 [MSC, simp.]\nWǒmen bìxū gǎn xiǎng, gǎn shuō, gǎn gàn. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "He didn't dare to look at her in the face.",
          "ref": "他不敢正眼看她。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]",
          "text": "Tā bù gǎn zhèng yǎnkàn tā. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Very few people ventured to go out on that stormy night.",
          "ref": "在那個風雨交加的夜晚,很少有人敢出去。 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "在那个风雨交加的夜晚,很少有人敢出去。 [MSC, simp.]\nZài nà ge fēngyǔ jiāojiā de yèwǎn, hěn shào yǒurén gǎn chūqù. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to dare (to); to venture (to)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dare",
          "dare"
        ],
        [
          "venture",
          "venture"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to be sure, to be certain",
          "roman": "gǎn kěndìng",
          "text": "敢肯定",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to be sure, to be certain",
          "roman": "gǎn shuō",
          "text": "敢說/敢说",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I bet you can't do this puzzle.",
          "ref": "我敢說你解決不了這個難題。 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "我敢说你解决不了这个难题。 [MSC, simp.]\nWǒ gǎn shuō nǐ jiějuébuliǎo zhè ge nántí. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be sure; to be certain; to bet; to presume"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sure",
          "sure"
        ],
        [
          "certain",
          "certain"
        ],
        [
          "bet",
          "bet"
        ],
        [
          "presume",
          "presume"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Chinese polite terms",
        "Mandarin terms with quotations",
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "may I ask",
          "roman": "gǎn wèn",
          "text": "敢問/敢问",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Dare I ask where is the road? The road is beneath our feet.",
          "ref": "敢問路在何方?路在腳下。 [MSC, trad.]",
          "text": "敢问路在何方?路在脚下。 [MSC, simp.]\nFrom: 1986, 閻肅 Yan Su (lyricist) & 許鏡清 Xu Jingqing (composer),《敢問路在何方》\"Dare I ask where is the road?\"\nGǎn wèn lù zài héfāng? Lù zài jiǎoxià. [Pinyin]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "may I venture"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "venture",
          "venture"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(polite) may I venture"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese literary terms",
        "Chinese rhetorical questions",
        "Hokkien Chinese",
        "Hokkien terms with usage examples",
        "Taiwanese Hakka",
        "Teochew Chinese"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "alt. forms: 豈/岂 (qǐ)"
        },
        {
          "text": "敢通按呢? [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― Kám thang án-ne? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― How could it be like this?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "can it be possible that; how"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "can",
          "can"
        ],
        [
          "it",
          "it"
        ],
        [
          "possible",
          "possible"
        ],
        [
          "how",
          "how"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "literary or Hokkien; Taiwanese Hakka; literary or Hokkien; Taiwanese Hakka",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary or Hokkien, Teochew, Taiwanese Hakka, rhetorical question) can it be possible that; how"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Teochew",
        "rhetoric"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese terms with archaic senses",
        "Quanzhou Hokkien",
        "Xiamen Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou Hokkien"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "perhaps"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perhaps",
          "perhaps"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "archaic or Xiamen",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic or Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) perhaps"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Quanzhou",
        "Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Hokkien terms with usage examples",
        "Taiwanese Hakka",
        "Taiwanese Hokkien"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "alt. forms: 咁 (hán), 甘 (gān), 干"
        },
        {
          "text": "你敢有閒?/你敢有闲? [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― Lí kám ū-êng? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― Are you free?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Interrogative adverb, placed before the verb to create a yes-no question."
      ],
      "qualifier": "Taiwanese Hakka",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka) Interrogative adverb, placed before the verb to create a yes-no question."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Taiwanese-Hokkien"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gǎn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄢˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin",
        "Sichuanese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gon³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kam"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gan²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "gǒ̤ng"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "gāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "káⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kiám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gan²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁵koe"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "gan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gǎn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄢˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gǎn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gǎn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gaan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "гань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ganʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kän²¹⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gan"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kan⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Chengdu",
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gem²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐm³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gon³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɵn²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kam"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gam⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gan²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kæ̃⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gǒ̤ng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔŋ²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaŋ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kánn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kvar"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁴²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Singapore"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁵⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "karm"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁵⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kiám"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kiarm"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiam⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kán"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "karn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kan⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "káⁿ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁵²/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁵koe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "koe^去"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "²koe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/kø³⁴/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gan³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kan⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Changsha",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Xiang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kamX"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤamʔ/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*klaːmʔ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ kám /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kän²¹⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kan⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɐm³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɵn²¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kæ̃⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔŋ²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaŋ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁴²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁵⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁵⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kam⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kiam⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kan⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kã⁵²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kø³⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kan⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[k]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*klaːmʔ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "敢"
}
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.