See turba on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for turba meaning in All languages combined (26.8kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "turba",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin turba",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin turba",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin turba.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turba f (plural turbes)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crowd"
],
"id": "en-turba-ca-noun-W0U1vdef",
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtur.bə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɾ.ba]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "turba",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turvas"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of turvas"
],
"id": "en-turba-et-noun-dC20-ISO",
"links": [
[
"turvas",
"turvas#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "tourbe"
},
"expansion": "French tourbe",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*turbz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *turbz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French tourbe, from Proto-Germanic *turbz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turba f (plural turbas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "turbeira"
}
],
"glosses": [
"peat"
],
"id": "en-turba-gl-noun-nNxDJ1Gt",
"links": [
[
"peat",
"peat"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɾβɐ]"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Latin turba",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin turba.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turba f (plural turbas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mob"
],
"id": "en-turba-gl-noun-mjcOvZUT",
"links": [
[
"mob",
"mob"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) mob"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "perturbar"
},
{
"word": "turbar"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɾβɐ]"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbā̀",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "turbàr̃",
"tags": [
"possessed-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "turbā̀"
},
"expansion": "turbā̀ f (possessed form turbàr̃)",
"name": "ha-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Hausa",
"lang_code": "ha",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hausa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"path, track, lane"
],
"id": "en-turba-ha-noun-QicHsADC",
"links": [
[
"path",
"path"
],
[
"track",
"track"
],
[
"lane",
"lane"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/túɽ.bàː/"
},
{
"ipa": "[tɪ́ɽ.bàː]",
"note": "Standard Kano Hausa"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "turba",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tùr‧ba"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 5 78 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of turbare:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-turba-it-verb-PnupwXYF",
"links": [
[
"turbare",
"turbare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of turbare:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-turba-it-verb-USIapg1s",
"links": [
[
"turbare",
"turbare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ba/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urba"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Latin turba",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin turba.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turba f (plural turbe)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tùr‧ba"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"crowd, throng"
],
"id": "en-turba-it-noun-4dnVeqSY",
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"throng",
"throng"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mob"
],
"id": "en-turba-it-noun-mjcOvZUT",
"links": [
[
"mob",
"mob"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ba/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urba"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "turba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "turba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Italian: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "turba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "turba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "twryf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Welsh: twryf, turvf, turyf, twrf, twrw, twrwf, tyryf\nWelsh: twrf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Welsh: twryf, turvf, turyf, twrf, twrw, twrwf, tyryf\nWelsh: twrf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "torf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Welsh: torf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Welsh: torf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "torf"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: torf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: torf"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "τύρβη",
"4": "",
"5": "tumult, disorder, turmoil"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τύρβη (túrbē, “tumult, disorder, turmoil”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)twerH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "storm"
},
"expansion": "storm",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Ancient Greek τύρβη (túrbē, “tumult, disorder, turmoil”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around”); related to English storm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "turbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turba<1>"
},
"expansion": "turba f (genitive turbae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turba<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbellae"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbidē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbineus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbinātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbinātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbulenter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbulentus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbulentē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbulentō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbāmentum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbātrix"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbātē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbēlae"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "quies"
},
{
"word": "otium"
},
{
"word": "tranquillitas"
},
{
"word": "serenitas"
},
{
"word": "pax"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"turmoil, disorder, stir, disturbance, tumult, uproar, hubbub, commotion, trouble, confusion, disarray, brawl"
],
"id": "en-turba-la-noun-3kCWP6iW",
"links": [
[
"turmoil",
"turmoil"
],
[
"disorder",
"disorder"
],
[
"stir",
"stir"
],
[
"disturbance",
"disturbance"
],
[
"tumult",
"tumult"
],
[
"uproar",
"uproar"
],
[
"hubbub",
"hubbub"
],
[
"commotion",
"commotion"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"confusion",
"confusion"
],
[
"disarray",
"disarray"
],
[
"brawl",
"brawl"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rebellio"
},
{
"word": "seditio"
},
{
"word": "inquies"
},
{
"word": "concursus"
},
{
"word": "inquiētūdō"
},
{
"word": "perculsus"
},
{
"word": "tumultus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mob, crowd, throng"
],
"id": "en-turba-la-noun-HlEmFGgd",
"links": [
[
"mob",
"mob"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"throng",
"throng"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "multitūdō"
},
{
"word": "grex"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 35 46 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "la:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then [Jesus] took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed them, and broke, and gave to the disciples to set before the multitude.",
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Lucas.9.16",
"text": "acceptis autem quinque panibus et duobus piscibus respexit in caelum et benedixit illis et fregit et distribuit discipulis suis ut ponerent ante turbas"
}
],
"glosses": [
"multitude"
],
"id": "en-turba-la-noun-6rGlE7QZ",
"links": [
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "multitūdō"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ba/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ʊrbä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ba/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪urbä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbā",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "turbā"
},
"expansion": "turbā",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 32 4 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turbō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present active imperative of turbō"
],
"id": "en-turba-la-verb-LG-Gy4bc",
"links": [
[
"turbō",
"turbo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.baː/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ʊrbäː]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ba/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪urbä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Latin turba",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin turba.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turba f (plural turbas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"crowd, throng"
],
"id": "en-turba-pt-noun-4dnVeqSY",
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"throng",
"throng"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mob"
],
"id": "en-turba-pt-noun-mjcOvZUT",
"links": [
[
"mob",
"mob"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuʁ.bɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɦ.bɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuʁ.bɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɦ.bɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾ.bɐ/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuʁ.bɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɻ.ba/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾ.bɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɾ.βɐ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "turba",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 63 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turbar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of turbar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-turba-pt-verb-LQldQm1F",
"links": [
[
"turbar",
"turbar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of turbar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turbar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of turbar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-turba-pt-verb-L6R2Kj4z",
"links": [
[
"turbar",
"turbar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of turbar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "turbāre",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin turbāre",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
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"3": "turbāre"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin turbāre",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "turbō"
},
"expansion": "turbō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin turbāre, present active infinitive of turbō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a turba",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "turbă",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a turba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "turbând",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "turbat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "turb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "turbați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbași",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbarăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbarăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbasem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbaseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbaserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbaserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să turb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să turbi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să turbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să turbăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să turbați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să turbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu turba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu turbați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turbă",
"2": "turbat",
"conj": "1"
},
"expansion": "a turba (third-person singular present turbă, past participle turbat) 1st conj.",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turb"
},
"name": "ro-conj-a"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "turbare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to rage, go mad"
],
"id": "en-turba-ro-verb-xyR1BfA-",
"links": [
[
"rage",
"rage"
],
[
"go mad",
"go mad"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "tulbura"
},
{
"word": "tulbure"
},
{
"word": "turbăciune"
},
{
"word": "turbină"
},
{
"word": "perturba"
}
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
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},
{
"args": {
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"5": "",
"g": "",
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"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
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"pos": "",
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"sort": "",
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"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin turba",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin turba",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin turba.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turba f (plural turbas)",
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}
],
"hyphenation": [
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],
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mob"
],
"id": "en-turba-es-noun-mjcOvZUT",
"links": [
[
"mob",
"mob"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾba/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪uɾ.β̞a]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɾba"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
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},
{
"args": {
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"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
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"pos": "",
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"sort": "",
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"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French tourbe",
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},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French tourbe",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*turbz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *turbz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French tourbe, from Proto-Germanic *turbz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turba f (plural turbas)",
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}
],
"hyphenation": [
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],
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "turbera"
},
{
"word": "turbero"
},
{
"word": "turboso"
}
],
"glosses": [
"peat"
],
"id": "en-turba-es-noun-nNxDJ1Gt",
"links": [
[
"peat",
"peat"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾba/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪uɾ.β̞a]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɾba"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
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}
],
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "turba f",
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}
],
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],
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"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turbo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of turbo"
],
"id": "en-turba-es-adj-l0oAgWuY",
"links": [
[
"turbo",
"turbo#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾba/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪uɾ.β̞a]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɾba"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
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{
"args": {},
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}
],
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "turba",
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],
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],
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 4 2 57 27",
"kind": "other",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turbar"
}
],
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],
"id": "en-turba-es-verb-LQldQm1F",
"links": [
[
"turbar",
"turbar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of turbar:\n"
],
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turbar"
}
],
"glosses": [
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"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-turba-es-verb-L6R2Kj4z",
"links": [
[
"turbar",
"turbar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of turbar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾba/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪uɾ.β̞a]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɾba"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zag",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "turba",
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}
],
"lang": "Zaghawa",
"lang_code": "zag",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zaghawa entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"graveyard"
],
"id": "en-turba-zag-noun-rGlW1MRL",
"links": [
[
"graveyard",
"graveyard"
]
]
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
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},
{
"args": {
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"4": "",
"5": "",
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
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"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin turba",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin turba",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin turba.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turba f (plural turbes)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine nouns",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms borrowed from Latin",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"crowd"
],
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtur.bə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɾ.ba]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "turba",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian non-lemma forms",
"Estonian noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turvas"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of turvas"
],
"links": [
[
"turvas",
"turvas#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician feminine nouns",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms borrowed from French",
"Galician terms borrowed from Latin",
"Galician terms derived from French",
"Galician terms derived from Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Galician terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "turbeira"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "tourbe"
},
"expansion": "French tourbe",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*turbz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *turbz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French tourbe, from Proto-Germanic *turbz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turba f (plural turbas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"peat"
],
"links": [
[
"peat",
"peat"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɾβɐ]"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician feminine nouns",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms borrowed from Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Latin",
"Galician terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Latin turba",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin turba.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turba f (plural turbas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "perturbar"
},
{
"word": "turbar"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Galician literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"mob"
],
"links": [
[
"mob",
"mob"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) mob"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɾβɐ]"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbā̀",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "turbàr̃",
"tags": [
"possessed-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "turbā̀"
},
"expansion": "turbā̀ f (possessed form turbàr̃)",
"name": "ha-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Hausa",
"lang_code": "ha",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hausa entries with incorrect language header",
"Hausa feminine nouns",
"Hausa lemmas",
"Hausa nouns",
"Hausa terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"path, track, lane"
],
"links": [
[
"path",
"path"
],
[
"track",
"track"
],
[
"lane",
"lane"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/túɽ.bàː/"
},
{
"ipa": "[tɪ́ɽ.bàː]",
"note": "Standard Kano Hausa"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Rhymes:Italian/urba",
"Rhymes:Italian/urba/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "turba",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tùr‧ba"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of turbare:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"turbare",
"turbare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of turbare:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"turbare",
"turbare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ba/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urba"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Italian/urba",
"Rhymes:Italian/urba/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Latin turba",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin turba.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turba f (plural turbe)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tùr‧ba"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"crowd, throng"
],
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"throng",
"throng"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mob"
],
"links": [
[
"mob",
"mob"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ba/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urba"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verb forms",
"la:Collectives"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "turba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "turba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Italian: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "turba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "turba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "twryf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Welsh: twryf, turvf, turyf, twrf, twrw, twrwf, tyryf\nWelsh: twrf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Welsh: twryf, turvf, turyf, twrf, twrw, twrwf, tyryf\nWelsh: twrf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "torf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Welsh: torf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Welsh: torf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "torf"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: torf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: torf"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "τύρβη",
"4": "",
"5": "tumult, disorder, turmoil"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τύρβη (túrbē, “tumult, disorder, turmoil”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)twerH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "storm"
},
"expansion": "storm",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Ancient Greek τύρβη (túrbē, “tumult, disorder, turmoil”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around”); related to English storm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "turbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turba<1>"
},
"expansion": "turba f (genitive turbae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turba<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "turbellae"
},
{
"word": "turben"
},
{
"word": "turbidus"
},
{
"word": "turbidē"
},
{
"word": "turbineus"
},
{
"word": "turbinātiō"
},
{
"word": "turbinātus"
},
{
"word": "turbula"
},
{
"word": "turbulenter"
},
{
"word": "turbulentus"
},
{
"word": "turbulentē"
},
{
"word": "turbulentō"
},
{
"word": "turbāmentum"
},
{
"word": "turbātiō"
},
{
"word": "turbātor"
},
{
"word": "turbātrix"
},
{
"word": "turbātus"
},
{
"word": "turbātē"
},
{
"word": "turbēlae"
},
{
"word": "turbō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "quies"
},
{
"word": "otium"
},
{
"word": "tranquillitas"
},
{
"word": "serenitas"
},
{
"word": "pax"
}
],
"glosses": [
"turmoil, disorder, stir, disturbance, tumult, uproar, hubbub, commotion, trouble, confusion, disarray, brawl"
],
"links": [
[
"turmoil",
"turmoil"
],
[
"disorder",
"disorder"
],
[
"stir",
"stir"
],
[
"disturbance",
"disturbance"
],
[
"tumult",
"tumult"
],
[
"uproar",
"uproar"
],
[
"hubbub",
"hubbub"
],
[
"commotion",
"commotion"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"confusion",
"confusion"
],
[
"disarray",
"disarray"
],
[
"brawl",
"brawl"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rebellio"
},
{
"word": "seditio"
},
{
"word": "inquies"
},
{
"word": "concursus"
},
{
"word": "inquiētūdō"
},
{
"word": "perculsus"
},
{
"word": "tumultus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mob, crowd, throng"
],
"links": [
[
"mob",
"mob"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"throng",
"throng"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "multitūdō"
},
{
"word": "grex"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then [Jesus] took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed them, and broke, and gave to the disciples to set before the multitude.",
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Lucas.9.16",
"text": "acceptis autem quinque panibus et duobus piscibus respexit in caelum et benedixit illis et fregit et distribuit discipulis suis ut ponerent ante turbas"
}
],
"glosses": [
"multitude"
],
"links": [
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "multitūdō"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ba/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ʊrbä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ba/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪urbä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verb forms",
"la:Collectives"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbā",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "turbā"
},
"expansion": "turbā",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turbō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present active imperative of turbō"
],
"links": [
[
"turbō",
"turbo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.baː/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ʊrbäː]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ba/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪urbä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Latin turba",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin turba.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turba f (plural turbas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"crowd, throng"
],
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"throng",
"throng"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mob"
],
"links": [
[
"mob",
"mob"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuʁ.bɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɦ.bɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuʁ.bɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɦ.bɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾ.bɐ/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuʁ.bɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɻ.ba/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾ.bɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɾ.βɐ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
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},
"expansion": "turba",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turbar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of turbar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"turbar",
"turbar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of turbar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turbar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of turbar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"turbar",
"turbar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of turbar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "turbare"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin turbāre",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "turbāre"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin turbāre",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "turbō"
},
"expansion": "turbō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin turbāre, present active infinitive of turbō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a turba",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "turbă",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a turba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "turbând",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "turbat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "turb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "turbați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbași",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbarăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbarăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbasem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbaseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbaserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbaserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să turb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să turbi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să turbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să turbăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să turbați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să turbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turbă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu turba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu turbați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turbă",
"2": "turbat",
"conj": "1"
},
"expansion": "a turba (third-person singular present turbă, past participle turbat) 1st conj.",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turb"
},
"name": "ro-conj-a"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "tulbura"
},
{
"word": "tulbure"
},
{
"word": "turbăciune"
},
{
"word": "turbină"
},
{
"word": "perturba"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms inherited from Latin",
"Romanian verbs",
"Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation"
],
"glosses": [
"to rage, go mad"
],
"links": [
[
"rage",
"rage"
],
[
"go mad",
"go mad"
]
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɾba",
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɾba/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "turba",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin turba",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin turba",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin turba.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turba f (plural turbas)",
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}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tur‧ba"
],
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mob"
],
"links": [
[
"mob",
"mob"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾba/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪uɾ.β̞a]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɾba"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Spanish feminine nouns",
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"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from French",
"Spanish terms derived from French",
"Spanish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "turbera"
},
{
"word": "turbero"
},
{
"word": "turboso"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
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},
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},
"expansion": "French tourbe",
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},
{
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},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French tourbe",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*turbz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *turbz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French tourbe, from Proto-Germanic *turbz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turba f (plural turbas)",
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}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tur‧ba"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"peat"
],
"links": [
[
"peat",
"peat"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾba/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪uɾ.β̞a]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɾba"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
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}
],
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"head_templates": [
{
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},
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],
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],
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"word": "turbo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of turbo"
],
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[
"turbo",
"turbo#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
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"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾba/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪uɾ.β̞a]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɾba"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɾba",
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"Spanish 2-syllable words",
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"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
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"args": {},
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}
],
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "turba",
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}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tur‧ba"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turbar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of turbar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"turbar",
"turbar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of turbar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turbar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of turbar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"turbar",
"turbar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of turbar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾba/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪uɾ.β̞a]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɾba"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zag",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "turba",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zaghawa",
"lang_code": "zag",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Zaghawa entries with incorrect language header",
"Zaghawa lemmas",
"Zaghawa nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"graveyard"
],
"links": [
[
"graveyard",
"graveyard"
]
]
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.