See turba in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "turba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "turba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Italian: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "turba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "turba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "twryf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Welsh: twryf, turvf, turyf, twrf, twrw, twrwf, tyryf\nWelsh: twrf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Welsh: twryf, turvf, turyf, twrf, twrw, twrwf, tyryf\nWelsh: twrf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "torf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Welsh: torf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Welsh: torf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "torf"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: torf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: torf"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bor",
"3": "unc",
"4": "grc>τύρβη>turmoil",
"id": "turmoil"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "τύρβη",
"t": "tumult, disorder, turmoil"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τύρβη (túrbē, “tumult, disorder, turmoil”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)twerH-",
"t": "to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Ancient Greek τύρβη (túrbē, “tumult, disorder, turmoil”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around”); related to English storm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "turbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turba<1>"
},
"expansion": "turba f (genitive turbae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turba<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbāmentum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbātē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbātrix"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbēlae"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbellae"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbidē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbinātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbinātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbineus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbulentē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbulenter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbulentō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbulentus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "quies"
},
{
"word": "otium"
},
{
"word": "tranquillitas"
},
{
"word": "serenitas"
},
{
"word": "pax"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 39 5 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"turmoil, disorder, stir, disturbance, tumult, uproar, hubbub, commotion, trouble, confusion, disarray, brawl"
],
"id": "en-turba-la-noun-3kCWP6iW",
"links": [
[
"turmoil",
"turmoil"
],
[
"disorder",
"disorder"
],
[
"stir",
"stir"
],
[
"disturbance",
"disturbance"
],
[
"tumult",
"tumult"
],
[
"uproar",
"uproar"
],
[
"hubbub",
"hubbub"
],
[
"commotion",
"commotion"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"confusion",
"confusion"
],
[
"disarray",
"disarray"
],
[
"brawl",
"brawl"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rebellio"
},
{
"word": "seditio"
},
{
"word": "inquies"
},
{
"word": "concursus"
},
{
"word": "inquiētūdō"
},
{
"word": "perculsus"
},
{
"word": "tumultus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 39 5 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 40 39 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "la:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mob, crowd, throng"
],
"id": "en-turba-la-noun-HlEmFGgd",
"links": [
[
"mob",
"mob"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"throng",
"throng"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "multitūdō"
},
{
"word": "grex"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 40 39 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "la:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then [Jesus] took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed them, and broke, and gave to the disciples to set before the multitude.",
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Lucas.9.16",
"text": "acceptis autem quinque panibus et duobus piscibus respexit in caelum et benedixit illis et fregit et distribuit discipulis suis ut ponerent ante turbas"
}
],
"glosses": [
"multitude"
],
"id": "en-turba-la-noun-6rGlE7QZ",
"links": [
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "multitūdō"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ba/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ʊrbä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ba/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪urbä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbā",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "turbā"
},
"expansion": "turbā",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 39 5 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 40 39 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "la:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turbō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present active imperative of turbō"
],
"id": "en-turba-la-verb-LG-Gy4bc",
"links": [
[
"turbō",
"turbo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.baː/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ʊrbäː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ba/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪urbä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verb forms",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Collectives"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "turba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "turba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Italian: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "turba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "turba"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "turba",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: turba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: turba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "twryf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Welsh: twryf, turvf, turyf, twrf, twrw, twrwf, tyryf\nWelsh: twrf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Welsh: twryf, turvf, turyf, twrf, twrw, twrwf, tyryf\nWelsh: twrf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "torf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Welsh: torf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Welsh: torf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "torf"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: torf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: torf"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bor",
"3": "unc",
"4": "grc>τύρβη>turmoil",
"id": "turmoil"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "τύρβη",
"t": "tumult, disorder, turmoil"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τύρβη (túrbē, “tumult, disorder, turmoil”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)twerH-",
"t": "to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Ancient Greek τύρβη (túrbē, “tumult, disorder, turmoil”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around”); related to English storm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turbā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "turbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turba<1>"
},
"expansion": "turba f (genitive turbae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turba<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "turbāmentum"
},
{
"word": "turbātē"
},
{
"word": "turbātiō"
},
{
"word": "turbātor"
},
{
"word": "turbātrix"
},
{
"word": "turbātus"
},
{
"word": "turbēlae"
},
{
"word": "turbellae"
},
{
"word": "turben"
},
{
"word": "turbidē"
},
{
"word": "turbidus"
},
{
"word": "turbinātiō"
},
{
"word": "turbinātus"
},
{
"word": "turbineus"
},
{
"word": "turbō"
},
{
"word": "turbula"
},
{
"word": "turbulentē"
},
{
"word": "turbulenter"
},
{
"word": "turbulentō"
},
{
"word": "turbulentus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "quies"
},
{
"word": "otium"
},
{
"word": "tranquillitas"
},
{
"word": "serenitas"
},
{
"word": "pax"
}
],
"glosses": [
"turmoil, disorder, stir, disturbance, tumult, uproar, hubbub, commotion, trouble, confusion, disarray, brawl"
],
"links": [
[
"turmoil",
"turmoil"
],
[
"disorder",
"disorder"
],
[
"stir",
"stir"
],
[
"disturbance",
"disturbance"
],
[
"tumult",
"tumult"
],
[
"uproar",
"uproar"
],
[
"hubbub",
"hubbub"
],
[
"commotion",
"commotion"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"confusion",
"confusion"
],
[
"disarray",
"disarray"
],
[
"brawl",
"brawl"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rebellio"
},
{
"word": "seditio"
},
{
"word": "inquies"
},
{
"word": "concursus"
},
{
"word": "inquiētūdō"
},
{
"word": "perculsus"
},
{
"word": "tumultus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mob, crowd, throng"
],
"links": [
[
"mob",
"mob"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"throng",
"throng"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "multitūdō"
},
{
"word": "grex"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then [Jesus] took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed them, and broke, and gave to the disciples to set before the multitude.",
"ref": "405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Lucas.9.16",
"text": "acceptis autem quinque panibus et duobus piscibus respexit in caelum et benedixit illis et fregit et distribuit discipulis suis ut ponerent ante turbas"
}
],
"glosses": [
"multitude"
],
"links": [
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "multitūdō"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ba/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ʊrbä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ba/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪urbä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verb forms",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Collectives"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turbā",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "turbā"
},
"expansion": "turbā",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turbō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present active imperative of turbō"
],
"links": [
[
"turbō",
"turbo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.baː/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ʊrbäː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ba/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪urbä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "turba"
}
Download raw JSONL data for turba meaning in Latin (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.