See trux on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "trucitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "trucīdō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "truciter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "truculentus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "truce",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: truce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: truce"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*drukos",
"3": "",
"4": "bad"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *drukos (“bad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*dr-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dr-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "tr-"
},
"expansion": "Latin tr-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*truḱ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *truḱ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σάρξ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σάρξ (sárx)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "tru"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish tru",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of unclear origin.\nDe Vaan prefers to connect the word to Proto-Celtic *drukos (“bad”), assuming a sound change from Proto-Indo-European *dr- > Latin tr-. However, this assumes that the Celtic form derives from a Proto-Indo-European root starting with *dr- (instead of a different consonant cluster like *dʰr-), which is far from certain.\nAn alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *truḱ-, a metathesis of *turḱ-, zero-grade of *twerḱ- (“to cut”). In this case, cognate with Ancient Greek σάρξ (sárx), Old Irish tru, troich (“fated to die”) and others in Sanskrit and Hittite.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "trucis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "trucior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "trucissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "truciter",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "trux",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trucēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trucia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trucis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trucium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trucī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trucibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trucem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trux",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trucēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trucia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trucī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "truce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trucibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trux",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "trucēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "trucia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trux<+>",
"abl_sg_f": "trucī/truce",
"abl_sg_m": "trucī/truce",
"abl_sg_n": "trucī/truce",
"adv": "truciter",
"comp": "trucior",
"sup": "trucissimus"
},
"expansion": "trux (genitive trucis, comparative trucior, superlative trucissimus, adverb truciter); third-declension one-termination adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trux<+>",
"abl_sg_f": "trucī/truce",
"abl_sg_m": "trucī/truce",
"abl_sg_n": "trucī/truce"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mītis"
},
{
"word": "tranquillus"
},
{
"word": "misericors"
},
{
"word": "placidus"
},
{
"word": "quietus"
},
{
"word": "clemens"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin third declension adjectives of one termination",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wild, rough, harsh, savage, fierce, ferocious"
],
"id": "en-trux-la-adj-aJ51eM3Z",
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"savage",
"savage"
],
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"ferocious",
"ferocious"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ferōx"
},
{
"word": "atrōx"
},
{
"word": "violēns"
},
{
"word": "immānis"
},
{
"word": "efferus"
},
{
"word": "ferus"
},
{
"word": "crūdēlis"
},
{
"word": "barbaricus"
},
{
"word": "silvāticus"
},
{
"word": "ācer"
},
{
"word": "acerbus"
},
{
"word": "sevērus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"one-termination"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin third declension adjectives of one termination",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"grim, stern"
],
"id": "en-trux-la-adj-cTgpku92",
"links": [
[
"grim",
"grim"
],
[
"stern",
"stern"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"one-termination"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/truks/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t̪rʊks̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/truks/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[t̪ruks]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "trux"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "ar",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Arabic",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "arc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mid",
"2": "",
"t": "deaf",
"tr": "ṭrūš, ṭarūš"
},
"expansion": "Mandaic [script needed] (ṭrūš, ṭarūš, “deaf”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic. The Maltese plural directly continues طُرْش (ṭurš), plural of أَطْرَش (ʔaṭraš). The singular might go back to an intensive/frequentative form *طَرُوش (*ṭarūš) or might be a backformation from truxija (“deafness”). There is also a possibility of Aramaic influence; compare Mandaic [script needed] (ṭrūš, ṭarūš, “deaf”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "truxa",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torox",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trajjax",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "trajjex",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"dim": "trajjax",
"dim2": "trajjex",
"f": "truxa",
"p": "torox"
},
"expansion": "trux (feminine singular truxa, plural torox, diminutive trajjax or trajjex)",
"name": "mt-adjective"
}
],
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"deaf"
],
"id": "en-trux-mt-adj-gg7~uHSk",
"links": [
[
"deaf",
"deaf"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "turxan"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/truːʃ/"
}
],
"word": "trux"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension adjectives",
"Latin third declension adjectives of one termination",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "trucitās"
},
{
"word": "trucīdō"
},
{
"word": "truciter"
},
{
"word": "truculentus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "truce",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: truce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: truce"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*drukos",
"3": "",
"4": "bad"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *drukos (“bad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*dr-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dr-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "tr-"
},
"expansion": "Latin tr-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*truḱ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *truḱ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σάρξ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σάρξ (sárx)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "tru"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish tru",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of unclear origin.\nDe Vaan prefers to connect the word to Proto-Celtic *drukos (“bad”), assuming a sound change from Proto-Indo-European *dr- > Latin tr-. However, this assumes that the Celtic form derives from a Proto-Indo-European root starting with *dr- (instead of a different consonant cluster like *dʰr-), which is far from certain.\nAn alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *truḱ-, a metathesis of *turḱ-, zero-grade of *twerḱ- (“to cut”). In this case, cognate with Ancient Greek σάρξ (sárx), Old Irish tru, troich (“fated to die”) and others in Sanskrit and Hittite.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "trucis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "trucior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "trucissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "truciter",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "trux",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trucēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trucia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trucis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trucium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trucī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trucibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trucem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trux",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trucēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trucia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trucī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "truce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trucibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trux",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "trucēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "trucia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trux<+>",
"abl_sg_f": "trucī/truce",
"abl_sg_m": "trucī/truce",
"abl_sg_n": "trucī/truce",
"adv": "truciter",
"comp": "trucior",
"sup": "trucissimus"
},
"expansion": "trux (genitive trucis, comparative trucior, superlative trucissimus, adverb truciter); third-declension one-termination adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trux<+>",
"abl_sg_f": "trucī/truce",
"abl_sg_m": "trucī/truce",
"abl_sg_n": "trucī/truce"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mītis"
},
{
"word": "tranquillus"
},
{
"word": "misericors"
},
{
"word": "placidus"
},
{
"word": "quietus"
},
{
"word": "clemens"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wild, rough, harsh, savage, fierce, ferocious"
],
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"savage",
"savage"
],
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"ferocious",
"ferocious"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ferōx"
},
{
"word": "atrōx"
},
{
"word": "violēns"
},
{
"word": "immānis"
},
{
"word": "efferus"
},
{
"word": "ferus"
},
{
"word": "crūdēlis"
},
{
"word": "barbaricus"
},
{
"word": "silvāticus"
},
{
"word": "ācer"
},
{
"word": "acerbus"
},
{
"word": "sevērus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"one-termination"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"grim, stern"
],
"links": [
[
"grim",
"grim"
],
[
"stern",
"stern"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"one-termination"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/truks/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t̪rʊks̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/truks/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[t̪ruks]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "trux"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "ar",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Arabic",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "arc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mid",
"2": "",
"t": "deaf",
"tr": "ṭrūš, ṭarūš"
},
"expansion": "Mandaic [script needed] (ṭrūš, ṭarūš, “deaf”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic. The Maltese plural directly continues طُرْش (ṭurš), plural of أَطْرَش (ʔaṭraš). The singular might go back to an intensive/frequentative form *طَرُوش (*ṭarūš) or might be a backformation from truxija (“deafness”). There is also a possibility of Aramaic influence; compare Mandaic [script needed] (ṭrūš, ṭarūš, “deaf”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "truxa",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torox",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trajjax",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "trajjex",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"dim": "trajjax",
"dim2": "trajjex",
"f": "truxa",
"p": "torox"
},
"expansion": "trux (feminine singular truxa, plural torox, diminutive trajjax or trajjex)",
"name": "mt-adjective"
}
],
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Maltese adjectives",
"Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"Maltese lemmas",
"Maltese terms derived from Arabic",
"Maltese terms derived from Aramaic",
"Maltese terms inherited from Arabic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Mandaic terms"
],
"glosses": [
"deaf"
],
"links": [
[
"deaf",
"deaf"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "turxan"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/truːʃ/"
}
],
"word": "trux"
}
Download raw JSONL data for trux meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.