See suffocate on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "smothercate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "suffocation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "suffōcō",
"4": "suffōcāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin suffōcāre",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin suffōcāre, from sub- (“under, up to”) + fōx (“throat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "suffocates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "suffocating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "suffocated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "suffocated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "suffocate (third-person singular simple present suffocates, present participle suffocating, simple past and past participle suffocated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "asphyxia"
}
],
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Open the hatch, he is suffocating in the airlock!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2020 November 2, Jiu Xiao, “Chinese Communist Party Officials Push Anti-U.S. Propaganda While Sending Families to Live in the U.S.”, in Minghui:",
"text": "It is because of freedom, one netizen replied: Like air, you may not realize its importance, but when suffocating, you would know how precious it is.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To suffer, or cause someone to suffer, from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body."
],
"id": "en-suffocate-en-verb-WxK~dfOa",
"links": [
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"oxygen",
"oxygen"
],
[
"intake",
"intake"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ergative) To suffer, or cause someone to suffer, from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "87 6 5 3",
"sense": "To suffer from reduced oxygen",
"word": "asphyxiate"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 6 5 3",
"sense": "To suffer from reduced oxygen",
"word": "choke"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 15 25 25",
"sense": "To make weary with contact",
"word": "smother"
}
],
"tags": [
"ergative"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zatyxácca",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "затыха́цца"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zatóxnucca",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зато́хнуцца"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zatxnúcca",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "затхну́цца"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadušávam se",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задуша́вам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadušá se",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задуша́ се"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadǎ́hvam se",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задъ́хвам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadǎ́ham se",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задъ́хам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "ca",
"english": "there is sufocar but it applies only to fires",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "ofegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "lumos"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhìxī",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "窒息"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dusit se"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udusit se"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "kvæles"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "sufokiĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "kódna"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "tukehtua"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "suffoquer"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "abafar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "sufocar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "atafegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "נחנק"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "nalumos"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "fuldoklik"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "fullad"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "kafna"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"alt": "ちっそくする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chissoku suru",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "窒息する"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jilsikhada",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "질식하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "suffōcor"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "soffegà"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "sofegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "stofegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "se guši",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "се гуши"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "se duši",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "се души"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "kveles"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xafe šodan",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "خفه شدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dusić się"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udusić się"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "sufocar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "hiq'ipay"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadyxátʹsja",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задыха́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadoxnútʹsja",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задохну́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "угуши́вати се"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"perfective"
],
"word": "угу́шити се"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ugušívati se"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ugúšiti se"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dusiť sa"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "udusiť sa"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dušiti se"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zadušiti se"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "sofocar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "kvävas"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "tyz",
"lang": "Tày",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "bắt"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "tyz",
"lang": "Tày",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "bỉ"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "tyz",
"lang": "Tày",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "ngằn"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "tyz",
"lang": "Tày",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "pư"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zadyxátysja",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задиха́тися"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zadyxnútysja",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задихну́тися"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "ngạt"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "ngạt thở"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "ngộp"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 9 6 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "ngộp thở"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḵanaqa",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "خَنَقَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḵanag",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "خَنَق"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "boğmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "dušýcʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "душы́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zadušýcʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задушы́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prydušýcʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "прыдушы́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "udušýcʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "удушы́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadušávam",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задуша́вам"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadušá",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задуша́"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "udúšvam",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уду́швам"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "podusyty",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "подусити"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "lumos"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shǐ zhìxī",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "使窒息"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dusit"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udusit"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zadusit"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "kvæle"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "sufoki"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "tukehduttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "étouffer"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "abafar"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "sufocar"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "atafegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "ersticken"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "würgen"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "afƕapjan",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "𐌰𐍆𐍈𐌰𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "חנק"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "plúch"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"alt": "ちっそくさせる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chissoku saseru",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "窒息させる"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "kea",
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "bafa"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jilsiksikida",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "질식시키다"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "atabafar"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "suffōcō"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "sofegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "stofegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zadušuva",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задушува"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zaduši",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задуши"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "guši",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гуши"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "duši",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "души"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dusić"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udusić"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "sufocar"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dušítʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "души́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadušítʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задуши́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "udušítʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "удуши́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "угуши́вати"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"perfective"
],
"word": "угу́шити"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ugušívati"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ugúšiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dusiť"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udusiť"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zadusiť"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "Slovak podusiť"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dušiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zadušiti se"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "póddušyś"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "zadušyś"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "podusyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "dodusyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "dusyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "kväva"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dušýty",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "души́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zadušýty",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задуши́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 7 4 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "udušýty",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "удуши́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "boğmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "dušýcʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "душы́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zadušýcʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задушы́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prydušýcʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "прыдушы́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "udušýcʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "удушы́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadušávam",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задуша́вам"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadušá",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задуша́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "udúšvam",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уду́швам"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "ofegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dusit"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udusit"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zadusit"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "kvæle"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "tukehduttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "afogar"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "esganar"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "ersticken"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "חנק"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "megfojt"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "plúch"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "sofegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "stofegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "boğmak",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "بوغمق"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "dusić"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "sufocar"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dušítʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "души́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadušítʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задуши́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "udušítʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "удуши́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "ahogar"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "kväva"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dušýty",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "души́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zadušýty",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задуши́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 27 16 22",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "udušýty",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "удуши́ти"
}
]
},
{
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{
"text": "He suffocated his wife by holding a pillow over her head.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi]:",
"text": "Let not hemp his windpipe suffocate.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To die due to, or kill someone by means of, insufficient oxygen supply to the body."
],
"id": "en-suffocate-en-verb-2xTS8tZb",
"links": [
[
"die",
"die"
],
[
"insufficient",
"insufficient"
],
[
"oxygen",
"oxygen"
],
[
"supply",
"supply"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ergative) To die due to, or kill someone by means of, insufficient oxygen supply to the body."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "28 62 8 2",
"sense": "To die from insufficient oxygen",
"word": "stifle"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 62 8 2",
"sense": "To die from insufficient oxygen",
"word": "choke"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 47 16 16",
"sense": "To reduce oxygen supply",
"word": "asphyxiate"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 47 16 16",
"sense": "To reduce oxygen supply",
"word": "choke"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 47 16 16",
"sense": "To reduce oxygen supply",
"word": "smother"
}
],
"tags": [
"ergative"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iḵtanaqa",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "اِخْتَنَقَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "anḵanag",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "انخنق"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zatyxácca",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "затыха́цца"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zatóxnucca",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зато́хнуцца"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zatxnúcca",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "затхну́цца"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadušavam se",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "задушавам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "ofegar-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dusit se"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udusit se"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "kvæles"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "tukehtua"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "suffoquer"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "afogar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "ersticken"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "נחנק"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "megfullad"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "sofegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "stofegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "sufocar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadyxátʹsja",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задыха́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadoxnútʹsja",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задохну́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "kvävas"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zadyxátysja",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задиха́тися"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zadyxnútysja",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задихну́тися"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "sofegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "chết ngạt"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 86 3 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "chết ngộp"
}
]
},
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{
"text": "I'm suffocating under this huge workload.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1962 April, “London Airport rail link”, in Modern Railways, page 222:",
"text": "If the trend to private cars continues, the more quickly will the road traffic suffocate itself, [...].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To overwhelm, or be overwhelmed (by a person or issue), as though with oxygen deprivation."
],
"id": "en-suffocate-en-verb-Y9QsU0a5",
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"(ergative, figuratively) To overwhelm, or be overwhelmed (by a person or issue), as though with oxygen deprivation."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "13 3 81 3",
"sense": "To be overwhelmed",
"word": "drown"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 22 43 11",
"sense": "To kill by deprivation of oxygen",
"word": "asphyxiate"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 22 43 11",
"sense": "To kill by deprivation of oxygen",
"word": "choke"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 22 43 11",
"sense": "To kill by deprivation of oxygen",
"word": "stifle"
}
],
"tags": [
"ergative",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 31 13 38 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to suffocate fire",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To destroy; to extinguish."
],
"id": "en-suffocate-en-verb-mgHVdWzJ",
"links": [
[
"destroy",
"destroy"
],
[
"extinguish",
"extinguish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To destroy; to extinguish."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌfəkeɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-suffocate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-suffocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-suffocate.wav.mp3",
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{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌfəkət/"
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"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin suffōcāre, from sub- (“under, up to”) + fōx (“throat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more suffocate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most suffocate",
"tags": [
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]
}
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"pos": "adj",
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{
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{
"ref": "c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:",
"text": "This chaos , when degree is suffocate , Follows the choking",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffocated; choked."
],
"id": "en-suffocate-en-adj-4kqBfxeB",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Suffocated; choked."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
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{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌfəkət/"
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],
"word": "suffocate"
}
{
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"tags": [
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"args": {
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"2": "verb form",
"head": "suffōcāte"
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}
],
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"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
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"form_of": [
{
"word": "suffōcō"
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],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of suffōcō"
],
"id": "en-suffocate-la-verb-byhs9izt",
"links": [
[
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"suffoco#Latin"
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"tags": [
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"present",
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]
}
],
"word": "suffocate"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Higaonon translations",
"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kabuverdianu translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Ladino translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lombard translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tày translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "smothercate"
},
{
"word": "suffocation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "suffōcō",
"4": "suffōcāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin suffōcāre",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin suffōcāre, from sub- (“under, up to”) + fōx (“throat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "suffocates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "suffocating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "suffocated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "suffocated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "suffocate (third-person singular simple present suffocates, present participle suffocating, simple past and past participle suffocated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "asphyxia"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English ergative verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Open the hatch, he is suffocating in the airlock!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2020 November 2, Jiu Xiao, “Chinese Communist Party Officials Push Anti-U.S. Propaganda While Sending Families to Live in the U.S.”, in Minghui:",
"text": "It is because of freedom, one netizen replied: Like air, you may not realize its importance, but when suffocating, you would know how precious it is.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To suffer, or cause someone to suffer, from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body."
],
"links": [
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"oxygen",
"oxygen"
],
[
"intake",
"intake"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ergative) To suffer, or cause someone to suffer, from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body."
],
"tags": [
"ergative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English ergative verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He suffocated his wife by holding a pillow over her head.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi]:",
"text": "Let not hemp his windpipe suffocate.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To die due to, or kill someone by means of, insufficient oxygen supply to the body."
],
"links": [
[
"die",
"die"
],
[
"insufficient",
"insufficient"
],
[
"oxygen",
"oxygen"
],
[
"supply",
"supply"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ergative) To die due to, or kill someone by means of, insufficient oxygen supply to the body."
],
"tags": [
"ergative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English ergative verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I'm suffocating under this huge workload.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1962 April, “London Airport rail link”, in Modern Railways, page 222:",
"text": "If the trend to private cars continues, the more quickly will the road traffic suffocate itself, [...].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To overwhelm, or be overwhelmed (by a person or issue), as though with oxygen deprivation."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ergative, figuratively) To overwhelm, or be overwhelmed (by a person or issue), as though with oxygen deprivation."
],
"tags": [
"ergative",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to suffocate fire",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To destroy; to extinguish."
],
"links": [
[
"destroy",
"destroy"
],
[
"extinguish",
"extinguish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To destroy; to extinguish."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌfəkeɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-suffocate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-suffocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-suffocate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-suffocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-suffocate.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌfəkət/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "To suffer from reduced oxygen",
"word": "asphyxiate"
},
{
"sense": "To suffer from reduced oxygen",
"word": "choke"
},
{
"sense": "To die from insufficient oxygen",
"word": "stifle"
},
{
"sense": "To die from insufficient oxygen",
"word": "choke"
},
{
"sense": "To be overwhelmed",
"word": "drown"
},
{
"sense": "To reduce oxygen supply",
"word": "asphyxiate"
},
{
"sense": "To reduce oxygen supply",
"word": "choke"
},
{
"sense": "To reduce oxygen supply",
"word": "smother"
},
{
"sense": "To kill by deprivation of oxygen",
"word": "asphyxiate"
},
{
"sense": "To kill by deprivation of oxygen",
"word": "choke"
},
{
"sense": "To kill by deprivation of oxygen",
"word": "stifle"
},
{
"sense": "To make weary with contact",
"word": "smother"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zatyxácca",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "затыха́цца"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zatóxnucca",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зато́хнуцца"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zatxnúcca",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "затхну́цца"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadušávam se",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задуша́вам се"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadušá se",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задуша́ се"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadǎ́hvam se",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задъ́хвам се"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadǎ́ham se",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задъ́хам се"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"english": "there is sufocar but it applies only to fires",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "ofegar"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "lumos"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhìxī",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "窒息"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dusit se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udusit se"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "kvæles"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "sufokiĝi"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "kódna"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "tukehtua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "suffoquer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "abafar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "sufocar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "atafegar"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "נחנק"
},
{
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "nalumos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "fuldoklik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "fullad"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "kafna"
},
{
"alt": "ちっそくする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chissoku suru",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "窒息する"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jilsikhada",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "질식하다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "suffōcor"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "soffegà"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "sofegar"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "stofegar"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "se guši",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "се гуши"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "se duši",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "се души"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "kveles"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xafe šodan",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "خفه شدن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dusić się"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udusić się"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "sufocar"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "hiq'ipay"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadyxátʹsja",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задыха́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadoxnútʹsja",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задохну́ться"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "угуши́вати се"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"perfective"
],
"word": "угу́шити се"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ugušívati se"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ugúšiti se"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dusiť sa"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "udusiť sa"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dušiti se"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zadušiti se"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "sofocar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "kvävas"
},
{
"code": "tyz",
"lang": "Tày",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "bắt"
},
{
"code": "tyz",
"lang": "Tày",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "bỉ"
},
{
"code": "tyz",
"lang": "Tày",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "ngằn"
},
{
"code": "tyz",
"lang": "Tày",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "pư"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zadyxátysja",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задиха́тися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zadyxnútysja",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задихну́тися"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "ngạt"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "ngạt thở"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "ngộp"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body",
"word": "ngộp thở"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iḵtanaqa",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "اِخْتَنَقَ"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "anḵanag",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "انخنق"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zatyxácca",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "затыха́цца"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zatóxnucca",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зато́хнуцца"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zatxnúcca",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "затхну́цца"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadušavam se",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "задушавам се"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "ofegar-se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dusit se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udusit se"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "kvæles"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "tukehtua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "suffoquer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "afogar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "ersticken"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "נחנק"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "megfullad"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "sofegar"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "stofegar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "sufocar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadyxátʹsja",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задыха́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadoxnútʹsja",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задохну́ться"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "kvävas"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zadyxátysja",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задиха́тися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zadyxnútysja",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задихну́тися"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "sofegar"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "chết ngạt"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "(intransitive) to die due to insufficient oxygen supply to the body",
"word": "chết ngộp"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḵanaqa",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "خَنَقَ"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḵanag",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "خَنَق"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "boğmaq"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "dušýcʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "душы́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zadušýcʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задушы́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prydušýcʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "прыдушы́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "udušýcʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "удушы́ць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadušávam",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задуша́вам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadušá",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задуша́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "udúšvam",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уду́швам"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "podusyty",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "подусити"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "lumos"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shǐ zhìxī",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "使窒息"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dusit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udusit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zadusit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "kvæle"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "sufoki"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "tukehduttaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "étouffer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "abafar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "sufocar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "atafegar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "ersticken"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "würgen"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "afƕapjan",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "𐌰𐍆𐍈𐌰𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "חנק"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "plúch"
},
{
"alt": "ちっそくさせる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chissoku saseru",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "窒息させる"
},
{
"code": "kea",
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "bafa"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jilsiksikida",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "질식시키다"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "atabafar"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "suffōcō"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "sofegar"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "stofegar"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zadušuva",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задушува"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zaduši",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задуши"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "guši",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гуши"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "duši",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "души"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dusić"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udusić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "sufocar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dušítʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "души́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadušítʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задуши́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "udušítʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "удуши́ть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "угуши́вати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"perfective"
],
"word": "угу́шити"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ugušívati"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ugúšiti"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dusiť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udusiť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zadusiť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "Slovak podusiť"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dušiti"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zadušiti se"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "póddušyś"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "zadušyś"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "podusyć"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "dodusyć"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "dusyć"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"word": "kväva"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dušýty",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "души́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zadušýty",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задуши́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "udušýty",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause someone to suffer severely reduced oxygen supply to his body",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "удуши́ти"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "boğmaq"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "dušýcʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "душы́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zadušýcʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задушы́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prydušýcʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "прыдушы́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "udušýcʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "удушы́ць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadušávam",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "задуша́вам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadušá",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задуша́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "udúšvam",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уду́швам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "ofegar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dusit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "udusit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zadusit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "kvæle"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "tukehduttaa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "afogar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "esganar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "ersticken"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "חנק"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "megfojt"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "plúch"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "sofegar"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "stofegar"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "boğmak",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "بوغمق"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "dusić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "sufocar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dušítʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "души́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadušítʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задуши́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "udušítʹ",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "удуши́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "ahogar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"word": "kväva"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dušýty",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "души́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zadušýty",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задуши́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "udušýty",
"sense": "(transitive) to kill someone by depriving him of a sufficient oxygen intake",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "удуши́ти"
}
],
"word": "suffocate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Higaonon translations",
"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kabuverdianu translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Ladino translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lombard translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tày translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "suffōcō",
"4": "suffōcāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin suffōcāre",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin suffōcāre, from sub- (“under, up to”) + fōx (“throat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more suffocate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most suffocate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "suffocate (comparative more suffocate, superlative most suffocate)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:",
"text": "This chaos , when degree is suffocate , Follows the choking",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffocated; choked."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Suffocated; choked."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌfəkeɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-suffocate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-suffocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-suffocate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-suffocate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-suffocate.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌfəkət/"
}
],
"word": "suffocate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "suffōcāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "suffōcāte"
},
"expansion": "suffōcāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "suffōcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of suffōcō"
],
"links": [
[
"suffōcō",
"suffoco#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "suffocate"
}
Download raw JSONL data for suffocate meaning in All languages combined (41.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.