See scowl on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "scowlful"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "scowly"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scowlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scowlen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schoulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schoulen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skule",
"t": "to scowl"
},
"expansion": "Danish skule (“to scowl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skule",
"t": "to scowl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skule (“to scowl”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scowlen, scoulen, skoulen (also as Middle English schoulen), probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Danish skule (“to scowl”), Norwegian skule (“to scowl”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scowls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scowl (plural scowls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 24 29 8 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She made a scowl.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The wrinkling of the brows or face in frowning; the expression of displeasure, sullenness, or discontent in the countenance; an angry frown."
],
"id": "en-scowl-en-noun-WhQ9Q8KT",
"links": [
[
"frown",
"frown"
],
[
"displeasure",
"displeasure"
],
[
"sullenness",
"sullenness"
],
[
"discontent",
"discontent"
],
[
"countenance",
"countenance"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕubūs",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عُبُوس"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "namrǎštvane",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "намръщване"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "front arrufat"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "皺眉"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhòuméi",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "皱眉"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "zakabonění se"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zamračení"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "kurtistus"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "murjotus"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "froncement"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Stirnrunzeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "púic"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "cipiglio"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shikameru",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "しかめる"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "murti se",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "мурти се"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "tukemata"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "dožboruyi",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "دژبرویی"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carranca"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cenho"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naxmúrennostʹ",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нахму́ренность"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceño"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "bister uppsyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cadwch"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 24 29 8 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 46, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:",
"text": "Mr. Pynsent, who had asked Miss Amory to dance, came up on one occasion to claim her hand, but scowls of recognition having already passed between him and Mr. Arthur Pendennis in the dancing-room, Arthur suddenly rose up and claimed Miss Amory as his partner for the present dance […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Gloom; dark or threatening aspect."
],
"id": "en-scowl-en-noun-bQWuPDZM",
"links": [
[
"Gloom",
"gloom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Gloom; dark or threatening aspect."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "gloom; dark or threatening aspect",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mirada amenaçadora"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gloom; dark or threatening aspect",
"word": "synkkä ilme"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gloom; dark or threatening aspect",
"word": "mulkoilu"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gloom; dark or threatening aspect",
"word": "murjotus"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "skoul"
},
{
"ipa": "/skaʊl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-scowl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-scowl.ogg/En-us-scowl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-scowl.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
}
],
"word": "scowl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scowlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scowlen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schoulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schoulen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skule",
"t": "to scowl"
},
"expansion": "Danish skule (“to scowl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skule",
"t": "to scowl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skule (“to scowl”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scowlen, scoulen, skoulen (also as Middle English schoulen), probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Danish skule (“to scowl”), Norwegian skule (“to scowl”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scowls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scowling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scowled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "scowled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scowl (third-person singular simple present scowls, present participle scowling, simple past and past participle scowled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 16 13 34 3 9 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 29 10 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 17 34 10 13 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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},
{
"_dis": "18 16 16 30 7 11 2",
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"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
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},
{
"_dis": "22 10 10 45 5 6 2",
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},
{
"_dis": "18 19 40 10 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 39 10 11 4",
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"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "18 19 40 10 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 15 44 8 10 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "16 18 35 10 12 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "18 19 40 10 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "16 18 37 9 12 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 40 10 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 39 10 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 24 29 8 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 40 10 10 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 17 42 8 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "18 17 42 8 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "18 19 40 10 9 4",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "21 16 39 7 13 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "18 19 40 10 9 4",
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"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "20 18 38 10 11 4",
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"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "17 24 38 10 8 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "18 19 40 10 9 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "18 17 42 8 9 6",
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},
{
"_dis": "15 15 45 8 10 7",
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},
{
"_dis": "18 18 41 10 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "16 17 36 10 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 4 6 39 1 21 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Facial expressions",
"orig": "en:Facial expressions",
"parents": [
"Face",
"Nonverbal communication",
"Head and neck",
"Communication",
"Body parts",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Fundamental",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 35:",
"text": "She scould, and frownd with froward countenaunce",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure; to put on a frowning look; to look sour, sullen, severe, or angry."
],
"id": "en-scowl-en-verb-2AsCzZYp",
"links": [
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
],
[
"frown",
"frown"
],
[
"sour",
"sour"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"angry",
"angry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure; to put on a frowning look; to look sour, sullen, severe, or angry."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕabasa",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "عَبَسَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mrǎštja se",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "мръщя се"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "arrufar les celles"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "皺眉"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhòuméi",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "皱眉"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "kabonit se"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "zamračit se"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mračit se"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "fronsen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "kurtistaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "murjottaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "froncer"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "froncer les sourcils"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "enfociñar"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "enfurruñar"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agriokoitázo",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "αγριοκοιτάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "accigliarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"alt": "しかめる, shikameru, ひそめる, hisomeru",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "顰める"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "niramu",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "にらむ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "kōruru te rae"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "franzir o cenho"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "încrunta"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xmúritʹ bróvi",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "хму́рить бро́ви"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xmúritʹsja",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "хму́риться"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mórščitʹ lob",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мо́рщить лоб"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mórščitʹsja",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мо́рщиться"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fruncir el ceño"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 8 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "torcer el gesto"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Summer”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC:",
"text": "The scowling heavens.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To look gloomy, dark, or threatening; to lower."
],
"id": "en-scowl-en-verb-sgQq97GX",
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, by extension) To look gloomy, dark, or threatening; to lower."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "14 79 7 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕabasa",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "عَبَسَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 79 7 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "fer una mala mirada"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 79 7 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "synkistellä"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 79 7 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "julmistella"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 79 7 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "murjottaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 79 7 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "finster blicken"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 79 7 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "düster dreinblicken"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 79 7 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "whakapoururu"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 79 7 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xmúritʹsja",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "хму́риться"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 79 7 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naxmúritʹsja",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "нахму́риться"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 24 29 8 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to scowl a rival into submission",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To look at or repel with a scowl or a frown."
],
"id": "en-scowl-en-verb-VKzcQ2h8",
"links": [
[
"frown",
"frown"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To look at or repel with a scowl or a frown."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 3 89 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to look at or repel with a scowl or a frown",
"word": "donar una mirada"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 3 89 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look at or repel with a scowl or a frown",
"word": "mulkoilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 3 89 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agriokoitázo",
"sense": "to look at or repel with a scowl or a frown",
"word": "αγριοκοιτάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 3 89 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to look at or repel with a scowl or a frown",
"word": "guardare in cagnesco"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to scowl defiance",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To express by a scowl."
],
"id": "en-scowl-en-verb-ojHDfcab",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To express by a scowl."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 3 97",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to express by a scowl",
"word": "etzibar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to express by a scowl",
"word": "mulkoilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 3 97",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agriokoitázo",
"sense": "to express by a scowl",
"word": "αγριοκοιτάζω"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "skoul"
},
{
"ipa": "/skaʊl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-scowl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-scowl.ogg/En-us-scowl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-scowl.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
}
],
"word": "scowl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "scowl (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Old workings of iron ore."
],
"id": "en-scowl-en-noun-zFQs2f~S",
"links": [
[
"iron ore",
"iron ore"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect, obsolete) Old workings of iron ore."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "scowl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Facial expressions"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "scowlful"
},
{
"word": "scowly"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scowlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scowlen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schoulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schoulen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skule",
"t": "to scowl"
},
"expansion": "Danish skule (“to scowl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skule",
"t": "to scowl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skule (“to scowl”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scowlen, scoulen, skoulen (also as Middle English schoulen), probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Danish skule (“to scowl”), Norwegian skule (“to scowl”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scowls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scowl (plural scowls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She made a scowl.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The wrinkling of the brows or face in frowning; the expression of displeasure, sullenness, or discontent in the countenance; an angry frown."
],
"links": [
[
"frown",
"frown"
],
[
"displeasure",
"displeasure"
],
[
"sullenness",
"sullenness"
],
[
"discontent",
"discontent"
],
[
"countenance",
"countenance"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 46, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:",
"text": "Mr. Pynsent, who had asked Miss Amory to dance, came up on one occasion to claim her hand, but scowls of recognition having already passed between him and Mr. Arthur Pendennis in the dancing-room, Arthur suddenly rose up and claimed Miss Amory as his partner for the present dance […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Gloom; dark or threatening aspect."
],
"links": [
[
"Gloom",
"gloom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Gloom; dark or threatening aspect."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "skoul"
},
{
"ipa": "/skaʊl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-scowl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-scowl.ogg/En-us-scowl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-scowl.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕubūs",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عُبُوس"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "namrǎštvane",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "намръщване"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "front arrufat"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "皺眉"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhòuméi",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "皱眉"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "zakabonění se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zamračení"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "kurtistus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "murjotus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "froncement"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Stirnrunzeln"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "púic"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "cipiglio"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shikameru",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "しかめる"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "murti se",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "мурти се"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "tukemata"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "dožboruyi",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "دژبرویی"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carranca"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cenho"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naxmúrennostʹ",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нахму́ренность"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceño"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "bister uppsyn"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cadwch"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "gloom; dark or threatening aspect",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mirada amenaçadora"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gloom; dark or threatening aspect",
"word": "synkkä ilme"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gloom; dark or threatening aspect",
"word": "mulkoilu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gloom; dark or threatening aspect",
"word": "murjotus"
}
],
"word": "scowl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Facial expressions"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scowlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scowlen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schoulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schoulen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skule",
"t": "to scowl"
},
"expansion": "Danish skule (“to scowl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skule",
"t": "to scowl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skule (“to scowl”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scowlen, scoulen, skoulen (also as Middle English schoulen), probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Danish skule (“to scowl”), Norwegian skule (“to scowl”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scowls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scowling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scowled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "scowled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scowl (third-person singular simple present scowls, present participle scowling, simple past and past participle scowled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 35:",
"text": "She scould, and frownd with froward countenaunce",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure; to put on a frowning look; to look sour, sullen, severe, or angry."
],
"links": [
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
],
[
"frown",
"frown"
],
[
"sour",
"sour"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"angry",
"angry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure; to put on a frowning look; to look sour, sullen, severe, or angry."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Summer”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC:",
"text": "The scowling heavens.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To look gloomy, dark, or threatening; to lower."
],
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, by extension) To look gloomy, dark, or threatening; to lower."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to scowl a rival into submission",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To look at or repel with a scowl or a frown."
],
"links": [
[
"frown",
"frown"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To look at or repel with a scowl or a frown."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to scowl defiance",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To express by a scowl."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To express by a scowl."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "skoul"
},
{
"ipa": "/skaʊl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-scowl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-scowl.ogg/En-us-scowl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-scowl.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕabasa",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "عَبَسَ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mrǎštja se",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "мръщя се"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "arrufar les celles"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "皺眉"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhòuméi",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "皱眉"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "kabonit se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "zamračit se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mračit se"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "fronsen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "kurtistaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "murjottaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "froncer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "froncer les sourcils"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "enfociñar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "enfurruñar"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agriokoitázo",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "αγριοκοιτάζω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "accigliarsi"
},
{
"alt": "しかめる, shikameru, ひそめる, hisomeru",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "顰める"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "niramu",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "にらむ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "kōruru te rae"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "franzir o cenho"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "încrunta"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xmúritʹ bróvi",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "хму́рить бро́ви"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xmúritʹsja",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "хму́риться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mórščitʹ lob",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мо́рщить лоб"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mórščitʹsja",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мо́рщиться"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fruncir el ceño"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "torcer el gesto"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕabasa",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "عَبَسَ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "fer una mala mirada"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "synkistellä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "julmistella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "murjottaa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "finster blicken"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "düster dreinblicken"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "whakapoururu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xmúritʹsja",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "хму́риться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naxmúritʹsja",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "нахму́риться"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to look at or repel with a scowl or a frown",
"word": "donar una mirada"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look at or repel with a scowl or a frown",
"word": "mulkoilla"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agriokoitázo",
"sense": "to look at or repel with a scowl or a frown",
"word": "αγριοκοιτάζω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to look at or repel with a scowl or a frown",
"word": "guardare in cagnesco"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to express by a scowl",
"word": "etzibar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to express by a scowl",
"word": "mulkoilla"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agriokoitázo",
"sense": "to express by a scowl",
"word": "αγριοκοιτάζω"
}
],
"word": "scowl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Facial expressions"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "scowl (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Old workings of iron ore."
],
"links": [
[
"iron ore",
"iron ore"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect, obsolete) Old workings of iron ore."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "scowl"
}
Download raw JSONL data for scowl meaning in All languages combined (17.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.