See scowl in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for scowl meaning in English (16.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "scowlful"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "scowly"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scowlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scowlen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scoulen"
},
"expansion": "scoulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "skoulen"
},
"expansion": "skoulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schoulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schoulen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skule",
"t": "to scowl"
},
"expansion": "Danish skule (“to scowl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skule",
"t": "to scowl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skule (“to scowl”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scowlen, scoulen, skoulen (also as Middle English schoulen), probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Danish skule (“to scowl”), Norwegian skule (“to scowl”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scowls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scowl (plural scowls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 19 25 14 17 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She made a scowl.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The wrinkling of the brows or face in frowning; the expression of displeasure, sullenness, or discontent in the countenance; an angry frown."
],
"id": "en-scowl-en-noun-WhQ9Q8KT",
"links": [
[
"frown",
"frown"
],
[
"displeasure",
"displeasure"
],
[
"sullenness",
"sullenness"
],
[
"discontent",
"discontent"
],
[
"countenance",
"countenance"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "namrǎštvane",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "намръщване"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "front arrufat"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "皺眉"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhòuméi",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "皱眉"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "zakabonění se"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "kurtistus"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "murjotus"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "froncement"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Stirnrunzeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "púic"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "cipiglio"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shikameru",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "しかめる"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "murti se",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "мурти се"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "tukemata"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "dožboruyi",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "دژبرویی"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carranca"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cenho"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naxmúrennostʹ",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нахму́ренность"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceño"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "bister uppsyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cadwch"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 19 25 14 17 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Gloom; dark or threatening aspect."
],
"id": "en-scowl-en-noun-bQWuPDZM",
"links": [
[
"Gloom",
"gloom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Gloom; dark or threatening aspect."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "gloom; dark or threatening aspect",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mirada amenaçadora"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gloom; dark or threatening aspect",
"word": "synkkä ilme"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gloom; dark or threatening aspect",
"word": "mulkoilu"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gloom; dark or threatening aspect",
"word": "murjotus"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skaʊl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-scowl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-scowl.ogg/En-us-scowl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-scowl.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "skoul"
}
],
"word": "scowl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scowlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scowlen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scoulen"
},
"expansion": "scoulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "skoulen"
},
"expansion": "skoulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schoulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schoulen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skule",
"t": "to scowl"
},
"expansion": "Danish skule (“to scowl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skule",
"t": "to scowl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skule (“to scowl”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scowlen, scoulen, skoulen (also as Middle English schoulen), probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Danish skule (“to scowl”), Norwegian skule (“to scowl”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scowls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scowling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scowled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "scowled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scowl (third-person singular simple present scowls, present participle scowling, simple past and past participle scowled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 19 25 14 17 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure; to put on a frowning look; to look sour, sullen, severe, or angry."
],
"id": "en-scowl-en-verb-2AsCzZYp",
"links": [
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
],
[
"frown",
"frown"
],
[
"sour",
"sour"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"angry",
"angry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure; to put on a frowning look; to look sour, sullen, severe, or angry."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕabasa",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "عَبَسَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mrǎštja se",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "мръщя се"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "arrufar les celles"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "皺眉"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhòuméi",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "皱眉"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "kabonit se"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "zamračit se"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "fronsen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "kurtistaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "murjottaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "froncer"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "froncer les sourcils"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "enfociñar"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "enfurruñar"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agriokoitázo",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "αγριοκοιτάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "accigliarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"alt": "しかめる, shikameru, ひそめる, hisomeru",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "顰める"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "niramu",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "にらむ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "kōruru te rae"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "franzir o cenho"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "încrunta"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xmúritʹ bróvi",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "хму́рить бро́ви"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xmúritʹsja",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "хму́риться"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mórščitʹ lob",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мо́рщить лоб"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mórščitʹsja",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мо́рщиться"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fruncir el ceño"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 3 8 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "torcer el gesto"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 19 25 14 17 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To look gloomy, dark, or threatening; to lower."
],
"id": "en-scowl-en-verb-sgQq97GX",
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, by extension) To look gloomy, dark, or threatening; to lower."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "14 78 8 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕabasa",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "عَبَسَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 78 8 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "fer una mala mirada"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 78 8 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "synkistellä"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 78 8 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "julmistella"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 78 8 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "murjottaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 78 8 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "finster blicken"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 78 8 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "düster dreinblicken"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 78 8 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "whakapoururu"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 78 8 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xmúritʹsja",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "хму́риться"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 78 8 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naxmúritʹsja",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "нахму́риться"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 19 25 14 17 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to scowl a rival into submission",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To look at or repel with a scowl or a frown."
],
"id": "en-scowl-en-verb-VKzcQ2h8",
"links": [
[
"frown",
"frown"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To look at or repel with a scowl or a frown."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 4 89 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to look at or repel with a scowl or a frown",
"word": "donar una mirada"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 4 89 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look at or repel with a scowl or a frown",
"word": "mulkoilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 4 89 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agriokoitázo",
"sense": "to look at or repel with a scowl or a frown",
"word": "αγριοκοιτάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 4 89 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to look at or repel with a scowl or a frown",
"word": "guardare in cagnesco"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to scowl defiance",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To express by a scowl."
],
"id": "en-scowl-en-verb-ojHDfcab",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To express by a scowl."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 3 97",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to express by a scowl",
"word": "etzibar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to express by a scowl",
"word": "mulkoilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 3 97",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agriokoitázo",
"sense": "to express by a scowl",
"word": "αγριοκοιτάζω"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skaʊl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-scowl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-scowl.ogg/En-us-scowl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-scowl.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "skoul"
}
],
"word": "scowl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "scowl (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 8 50 19 5 5 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 60 12 6 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 4 34 16 3 19 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Facial expressions",
"orig": "en:Facial expressions",
"parents": [
"Face",
"Nonverbal communication",
"Head and neck",
"Communication",
"Body parts",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Fundamental",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Old workings of iron ore."
],
"id": "en-scowl-en-noun-zFQs2f~S",
"links": [
[
"iron ore",
"iron ore"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect, obsolete) Old workings of iron ore."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "scowl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl/1 syllable",
"en:Facial expressions"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "scowlful"
},
{
"word": "scowly"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scowlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scowlen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scoulen"
},
"expansion": "scoulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "skoulen"
},
"expansion": "skoulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schoulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schoulen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skule",
"t": "to scowl"
},
"expansion": "Danish skule (“to scowl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skule",
"t": "to scowl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skule (“to scowl”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scowlen, scoulen, skoulen (also as Middle English schoulen), probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Danish skule (“to scowl”), Norwegian skule (“to scowl”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scowls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scowl (plural scowls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She made a scowl.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The wrinkling of the brows or face in frowning; the expression of displeasure, sullenness, or discontent in the countenance; an angry frown."
],
"links": [
[
"frown",
"frown"
],
[
"displeasure",
"displeasure"
],
[
"sullenness",
"sullenness"
],
[
"discontent",
"discontent"
],
[
"countenance",
"countenance"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Gloom; dark or threatening aspect."
],
"links": [
[
"Gloom",
"gloom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Gloom; dark or threatening aspect."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skaʊl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-scowl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-scowl.ogg/En-us-scowl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-scowl.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "skoul"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "namrǎštvane",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "намръщване"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "front arrufat"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "皺眉"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhòuméi",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "皱眉"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "zakabonění se"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "kurtistus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "murjotus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "froncement"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Stirnrunzeln"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "púic"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "cipiglio"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shikameru",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "しかめる"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "murti se",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "мурти се"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "tukemata"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "dožboruyi",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "دژبرویی"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carranca"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cenho"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naxmúrennostʹ",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нахму́ренность"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceño"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"word": "bister uppsyn"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "wrinkling of the brows or face",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cadwch"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "gloom; dark or threatening aspect",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mirada amenaçadora"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gloom; dark or threatening aspect",
"word": "synkkä ilme"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gloom; dark or threatening aspect",
"word": "mulkoilu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gloom; dark or threatening aspect",
"word": "murjotus"
}
],
"word": "scowl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl/1 syllable",
"en:Facial expressions"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scowlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scowlen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scoulen"
},
"expansion": "scoulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "skoulen"
},
"expansion": "skoulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schoulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schoulen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skule",
"t": "to scowl"
},
"expansion": "Danish skule (“to scowl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skule",
"t": "to scowl"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skule (“to scowl”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scowlen, scoulen, skoulen (also as Middle English schoulen), probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Danish skule (“to scowl”), Norwegian skule (“to scowl”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scowls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scowling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scowled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "scowled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scowl (third-person singular simple present scowls, present participle scowling, simple past and past participle scowled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure; to put on a frowning look; to look sour, sullen, severe, or angry."
],
"links": [
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
],
[
"frown",
"frown"
],
[
"sour",
"sour"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
],
[
"angry",
"angry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure; to put on a frowning look; to look sour, sullen, severe, or angry."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To look gloomy, dark, or threatening; to lower."
],
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, by extension) To look gloomy, dark, or threatening; to lower."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to scowl a rival into submission",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To look at or repel with a scowl or a frown."
],
"links": [
[
"frown",
"frown"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To look at or repel with a scowl or a frown."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to scowl defiance",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To express by a scowl."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To express by a scowl."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skaʊl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-scowl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-scowl.ogg/En-us-scowl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-scowl.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "skoul"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕabasa",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "عَبَسَ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mrǎštja se",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "мръщя се"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "arrufar les celles"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "皺眉"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhòuméi",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "皱眉"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "kabonit se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "zamračit se"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "fronsen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "kurtistaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "murjottaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "froncer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "froncer les sourcils"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "enfociñar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "enfurruñar"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agriokoitázo",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "αγριοκοιτάζω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "accigliarsi"
},
{
"alt": "しかめる, shikameru, ひそめる, hisomeru",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "顰める"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "niramu",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "にらむ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "kōruru te rae"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "franzir o cenho"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "încrunta"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xmúritʹ bróvi",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "хму́рить бро́ви"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xmúritʹsja",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "хму́риться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mórščitʹ lob",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мо́рщить лоб"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mórščitʹsja",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мо́рщиться"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fruncir el ceño"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to wrinkle the brows",
"word": "torcer el gesto"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕabasa",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "عَبَسَ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "fer una mala mirada"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "synkistellä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "julmistella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "murjottaa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "finster blicken"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "düster dreinblicken"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"word": "whakapoururu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xmúritʹsja",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "хму́риться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naxmúritʹsja",
"sense": "to look gloomy",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "нахму́риться"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to look at or repel with a scowl or a frown",
"word": "donar una mirada"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to look at or repel with a scowl or a frown",
"word": "mulkoilla"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agriokoitázo",
"sense": "to look at or repel with a scowl or a frown",
"word": "αγριοκοιτάζω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to look at or repel with a scowl or a frown",
"word": "guardare in cagnesco"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to express by a scowl",
"word": "etzibar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to express by a scowl",
"word": "mulkoilla"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agriokoitázo",
"sense": "to express by a scowl",
"word": "αγριοκοιτάζω"
}
],
"word": "scowl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Facial expressions"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "scowl (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Old workings of iron ore."
],
"links": [
[
"iron ore",
"iron ore"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect, obsolete) Old workings of iron ore."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "scowl"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.