See rufa on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "arrufar"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation of arrufar",
"name": "bf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation of arrufar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rufes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rufa f (plural rufes)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wrinkle, pucker"
],
"id": "en-rufa-ca-noun-gpx5K2aS",
"links": [
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
],
[
"pucker",
"pucker"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bossa"
},
{
"word": "arruga"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈru.fə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈru.fa]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from rufaga.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rufes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rufa f (plural rufes)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Snow",
"orig": "ca:Snow",
"parents": [
"Water",
"Weather",
"Liquids",
"Atmosphere",
"Matter",
"Nature",
"Chemistry",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rufejar"
},
{
"word": "rufera"
}
],
"glosses": [
"snowstorm"
],
"id": "en-rufa-ca-noun-lIGvBDEN",
"links": [
[
"snowstorm",
"snowstorm"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "rufagada"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈru.fə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈru.fa]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūfus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin rūfus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rufo"
},
"expansion": "Italian rufo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rufous"
},
"expansion": "English rufous",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin rūfus. Compare Italian rufo, English rufous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rufan",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufaj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rufajn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rufa (accusative singular rufan, plural rufaj, accusative plural rufajn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧fa"
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "eo",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "eo:Colors",
"parents": [
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "eo",
"name": "Reds",
"orig": "eo:Reds",
"parents": [
"Colors",
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ginger, russet, redheaded"
],
"id": "en-rufa-eo-adj-oTcQPVWT",
"links": [
[
"ginger",
"ginger#English"
],
[
"russet",
"russet#English"
],
[
"redheaded",
"redheaded#Esperanto"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrufa]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ufa"
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "ruffed",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "rufach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "ruff",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rufán"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "en",
"3": "ruff"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English ruff",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English ruff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rufa",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufaí",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "rufa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "a rufa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a rufaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "an rufa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na rufaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an rufa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don rufa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na rufaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "rufaí",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "rufa",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rufa m (genitive singular rufa, nominative plural rufaí)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "rufa",
"3": "~í"
},
"expansion": "rufa m (genitive singular rufa, nominative plural rufaí)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "99 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ga",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "ga:Clothing",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruff, frill"
],
"id": "en-rufa-ga-noun-F5zd1jeJ",
"links": [
[
"ruff",
"ruff"
],
[
"frill",
"frill"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ga",
"name": "Brown algae",
"orig": "ga:Brown algae",
"parents": [
"Algae",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sea belt (Saccharina latissima)"
],
"id": "en-rufa-ga-noun-JmfO0p-v",
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) sea belt (Saccharina latissima)"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "rufa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rù‧fa"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rufo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of rufo"
],
"id": "en-rufa-it-adj-T9dUTnPc",
"links": [
[
"rufo",
"rufo#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.fa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ufa"
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūfa",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "rūfa"
},
"expansion": "rūfa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūfus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rūfus:",
"nominative/vocative feminine singular"
],
"id": "en-rufa-la-adj-4hQRwTOr",
"links": [
[
"rūfus",
"rufus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūfus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rūfus:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural"
],
"id": "en-rufa-la-adj-kvvM00KI",
"links": [
[
"rūfus",
"rufus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"form": "rūfa",
"ipa": "/ˈruː.fa/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "rūfa",
"ipa": "[ˈruːfä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "rūfa",
"ipa": "/ˈru.fa/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "rūfa",
"ipa": "[ˈruːfä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūfā",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "rūfā"
},
"expansion": "rūfā",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 30 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūfus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ablative feminine singular of rūfus"
],
"id": "en-rufa-la-adj-I7euRL6x",
"links": [
[
"rūfus",
"rufus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"form": "rūfā",
"ipa": "/ˈruː.faː/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "rūfā",
"ipa": "[ˈruːfäː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "rūfā",
"ipa": "/ˈru.fa/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "rūfā",
"ipa": "[ˈruːfä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nl",
"3": "roef",
"t": "cabin, wooden cover, deckhouse"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Dutch roef (“cabin, wooden cover, deckhouse”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch roef (“cabin, wooden cover, deckhouse”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rufowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rufa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rufy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rufie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rufę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rufą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rufie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rufo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rufy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "rufowy"
},
"expansion": "rufa f (related adjective rufowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧fa"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "pl:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stern (rear part or after end of a ship or vessel)"
],
"id": "en-rufa-pl-noun-jflfETUy",
"links": [
[
"stern",
"stern"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Far Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "pl:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ladder mounted on supports to which straw and hay are given to sheep"
],
"id": "en-rufa-pl-noun-hjreZyJx",
"links": [
[
"ladder",
"ladder"
],
[
"mount",
"mount"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"hay",
"hay"
],
[
"sheep",
"sheep"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Far Masovian) ladder mounted on supports to which straw and hay are given to sheep"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.fa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.fa/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ufa"
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rufa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 1 3 6 5 5 6 14 13 33 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 1 1 7 6 6 7 15 12 33 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rufar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rufar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-rufa-pt-verb-3lGw9njU",
"links": [
[
"rufar",
"rufar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rufar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rufar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-rufa-pt-verb-hQuWfGbD",
"links": [
[
"rufar",
"rufar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rhg",
"2": "sa",
"3": "रूप्य",
"4": "",
"5": "wrought silver"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit रूप्य (rūpya, “wrought silver”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Sanskrit रूप्य (rūpya, “wrought silver”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𐴌𐴟𐴉𐴝",
"roman": "rufa",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rhg",
"2": "noun",
"3": "Hanifi spelling",
"4": "𐴌𐴟𐴉𐴝"
},
"expansion": "rufa (Hanifi spelling 𐴌𐴟𐴉𐴝)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Rohingya",
"lang_code": "rhg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Rohingya entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"silver"
],
"id": "en-rufa-rhg-noun-eM3mTD5H",
"links": [
[
"silver",
"silver"
]
]
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "rufa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧fa"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rufo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of rufo"
],
"id": "en-rufa-es-adj-T9dUTnPc",
"links": [
[
"rufo",
"rufo#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrufa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈru.fa]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ufa"
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan back-formations",
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine nouns",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ca:Snow"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "arrufar"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation of arrufar",
"name": "bf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation of arrufar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rufes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rufa f (plural rufes)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wrinkle, pucker"
],
"links": [
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
],
[
"pucker",
"pucker"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bossa"
},
{
"word": "arruga"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈru.fə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈru.fa]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine nouns",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ca:Snow"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rufejar"
},
{
"word": "rufera"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from rufaga.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rufes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rufa f (plural rufes)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "rufagada"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"snowstorm"
],
"links": [
[
"snowstorm",
"snowstorm"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈru.fə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈru.fa]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūfus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin rūfus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rufo"
},
"expansion": "Italian rufo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rufous"
},
"expansion": "English rufous",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin rūfus. Compare Italian rufo, English rufous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rufan",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufaj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rufajn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rufa (accusative singular rufan, plural rufaj, accusative plural rufajn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧fa"
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto adjectives",
"Esperanto adjectives with red links in their headword lines",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto lemmas",
"Esperanto terms borrowed from Latin",
"Esperanto terms derived from Latin",
"Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Esperanto terms with audio pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Esperanto/ufa",
"eo:Colors",
"eo:Reds"
],
"glosses": [
"ginger, russet, redheaded"
],
"links": [
[
"ginger",
"ginger#English"
],
[
"russet",
"russet#English"
],
[
"redheaded",
"redheaded#Esperanto"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrufa]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ufa"
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish fourth-declension nouns",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish masculine nouns",
"Irish nouns",
"Irish terms borrowed from English",
"Irish terms derived from English",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ga:Brown algae",
"ga:Clothing"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "ruffed",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "rufach"
},
{
"english": "ruff",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rufán"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "en",
"3": "ruff"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English ruff",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English ruff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rufa",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufaí",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "rufa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "a rufa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a rufaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "an rufa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na rufaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an rufa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don rufa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na rufaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "rufaí",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "rufa",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rufa m (genitive singular rufa, nominative plural rufaí)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "rufa",
"3": "~í"
},
"expansion": "rufa m (genitive singular rufa, nominative plural rufaí)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ruff, frill"
],
"links": [
[
"ruff",
"ruff"
],
[
"frill",
"frill"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"sea belt (Saccharina latissima)"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) sea belt (Saccharina latissima)"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "rufa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rù‧fa"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian adjective forms",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ufa",
"Rhymes:Italian/ufa/2 syllables"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rufo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of rufo"
],
"links": [
[
"rufo",
"rufo#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.fa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ufa"
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūfa",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "rūfa"
},
"expansion": "rūfa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūfus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rūfus:",
"nominative/vocative feminine singular"
],
"links": [
[
"rūfus",
"rufus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūfus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rūfus:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural"
],
"links": [
[
"rūfus",
"rufus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"form": "rūfa",
"ipa": "/ˈruː.fa/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "rūfa",
"ipa": "[ˈruːfä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "rūfa",
"ipa": "/ˈru.fa/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "rūfa",
"ipa": "[ˈruːfä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūfā",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "rūfā"
},
"expansion": "rūfā",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūfus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ablative feminine singular of rūfus"
],
"links": [
[
"rūfus",
"rufus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"form": "rūfā",
"ipa": "/ˈruː.faː/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "rūfā",
"ipa": "[ˈruːfäː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "rūfā",
"ipa": "/ˈru.fa/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "rūfā",
"ipa": "[ˈruːfä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Polish terms derived from Dutch",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ufa",
"Rhymes:Polish/ufa/2 syllables",
"pl:Nautical"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nl",
"3": "roef",
"t": "cabin, wooden cover, deckhouse"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Dutch roef (“cabin, wooden cover, deckhouse”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch roef (“cabin, wooden cover, deckhouse”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rufowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rufa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rufy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rufie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rufę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rufą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rufie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rufo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rufy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "rufowy"
},
"expansion": "rufa f (related adjective rufowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧fa"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stern (rear part or after end of a ship or vessel)"
],
"links": [
[
"stern",
"stern"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Far Masovian Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"ladder mounted on supports to which straw and hay are given to sheep"
],
"links": [
[
"ladder",
"ladder"
],
[
"mount",
"mount"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"hay",
"hay"
],
[
"sheep",
"sheep"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Far Masovian) ladder mounted on supports to which straw and hay are given to sheep"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.fa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.fa/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ufa"
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rufa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rufar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rufar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"rufar",
"rufar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rufar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rufar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"rufar",
"rufar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rhg",
"2": "sa",
"3": "रूप्य",
"4": "",
"5": "wrought silver"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit रूप्य (rūpya, “wrought silver”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Sanskrit रूप्य (rūpya, “wrought silver”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𐴌𐴟𐴉𐴝",
"roman": "rufa",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rhg",
"2": "noun",
"3": "Hanifi spelling",
"4": "𐴌𐴟𐴉𐴝"
},
"expansion": "rufa (Hanifi spelling 𐴌𐴟𐴉𐴝)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Rohingya",
"lang_code": "rhg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rohingya entries with incorrect language header",
"Rohingya lemmas",
"Rohingya nouns",
"Rohingya terms derived from Sanskrit"
],
"glosses": [
"silver"
],
"links": [
[
"silver",
"silver"
]
]
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "rufa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧fa"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ufa",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ufa/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish adjective forms",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rufo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of rufo"
],
"links": [
[
"rufo",
"rufo#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrufa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈru.fa]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ufa"
}
],
"word": "rufa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rufa meaning in All languages combined (14.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: nominative",
"path": [
"rufa"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rufa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: vocative",
"path": [
"rufa"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rufa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: genitive",
"path": [
"rufa"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rufa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: dative",
"path": [
"rufa"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rufa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: nominative",
"path": [
"rufa"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rufa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: genitive",
"path": [
"rufa"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rufa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: dative",
"path": [
"rufa"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rufa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian",
"path": [
"rufa"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rufa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian",
"path": [
"rufa"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rufa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Hanifi spelling 𐴌𐴟𐴉𐴝",
"path": [
"rufa"
],
"section": "Rohingya",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rufa",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.