See roke on Wiktionary
{
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"4": "",
"5": "fog, vapour, cloud"
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"name": "inh"
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"name": "der"
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"2": "odt",
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"5": "steam, vapour"
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},
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raukiz",
"4": "",
"5": "smoke"
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*rewg-",
"4": "",
"5": "to erupt, vomit, burp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *rewg- (“to erupt, vomit, burp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
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"1": "sco",
"2": "rok"
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"expansion": "Scots rok",
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},
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"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rook",
"3": "",
"4": "smoke, fog"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rook (“smoke, fog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rauch",
"3": "",
"4": "smoke, fume"
},
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},
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"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rök",
"3": "",
"4": "smoke, fume, steam, reek"
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "reek"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian reek",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English roke (“fog, vapour, cloud”), probably from Old Norse roka (\"whirlwind, fine spray\"; compare Old Norse særoka (“seaspray”)), reinforced later by Middle Dutch roke, rooc (“smoke”), from Old Dutch rouc (“steam, vapour”), from Proto-Germanic *raukiz (“smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *rewg- (“to erupt, vomit, burp”), from *rew- (“to roar, growl, grumble”). Cognate with Scots rok, roik, rouk (“mist, fog, cloud”), Dutch rook (“smoke, fog”), German Rauch (“smoke, fume”), Swedish rök (“smoke, fume, steam, reek”), West Frisian reek, riik (“smoke, fume”). More at reek. Compare dialectal rawk, which is related, and rag (“fog”) (see raggy (“foggy”)), which may or may not be.",
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"Fog, mist; light rain; smoke, vapour; damp."
],
"id": "en-roke-en-noun-TGfx8QB0",
"links": [
[
"Fog",
"fog"
],
[
"mist",
"mist"
],
[
"light",
"light"
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[
"rain",
"rain"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"vapour",
"vapour"
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"(UK, dialect) Fog, mist; light rain; smoke, vapour; damp."
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"ipa": "/ɹəʊk/"
},
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"rhymes": "-əʊk"
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"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "roak"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rouk"
}
],
"word": "roke"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Unclear; perhaps related to dialect rauk, rawk, a northern English dialectal word for a mark, including e.g. a defect on cloth.",
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{
"form": "rokes",
"tags": [
"plural"
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}
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "roky"
}
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{
"categories": [],
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{
"ref": "1921, Iron & Coal Trades Review, volume 103, page 337:",
"text": "It was found by examination of numerous sections of roky shell that it was not possible to estimate the extent of a roke by its appearance on the surface. The filing of a groove across the roke gives some […] indication as to its depth, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A defect in an ingot of steel: a depression lined with scale."
],
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"defect",
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[
"scale",
"scale"
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"kind": "other",
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1889, “Action for Breach of a Custom observed in delivering Coal at Wollaton Pit, 1549, April 1”, in Records of the Borough of Nottingham: 1547-1625, page 11:",
"text": "of which custom the aforesaid John Parlby being not in the least ignorant, on the 20th day of Jun, in the second year of the reign of our Lord the present King, at the same pit, received and had a whole roke of coals, value 18d., by the delivery of the said Richard, together with a sign for one whole roke, according to the custom aforesaid;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1907, William Page, The Victoria History of the County of Derby - Volume 2, page 351:",
"text": "In 1450 certain lands at Codnor were exchanged subject to the condition that one of the parites should receive yearly three roke of coal if any 'myne of cole' were got.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1924, The Mining Engineer - Volumes 66-67, page 226:",
"text": "Account of coal getting, from 13 February to 24 December, 17 Henry VIII., giving the quantity got by each collier week by week, in the following form: “ L. Lambe gatt xiii roke",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A measurement of coal ore."
],
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[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
]
],
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"(UK, dialect, mining) A measurement of coal ore."
],
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"UK",
"dialectal"
],
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"business",
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"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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"pos": "verb",
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"singular past subjunctive of ruiken"
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"ruiken",
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"(dated or formal) singular past subjunctive of ruiken"
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"(dated or formal) singular past subjunctive of rieken"
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"(dated or formal) singular present subjunctive of roken"
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"ロケ",
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"dung, poop, poo, faeces, feces, doodoo"
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"word": "hamuti"
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{
"word": "tūtae"
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{
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{
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"form": "roke oblique singular or",
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{
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},
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],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
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"(Old Northern French) Alternative form of roche"
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"word": "ruiken"
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"singular past subjunctive of ruiken"
],
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"(dated or formal) singular past subjunctive of ruiken"
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"singular",
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"singular past subjunctive of rieken"
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"(dated or formal) singular past subjunctive of rieken"
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"singular present subjunctive of roken"
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"(dated or formal) singular present subjunctive of roken"
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"4": "",
"5": "fog, vapour, cloud"
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{
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"2": "odt",
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
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"5": "smoke"
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"name": "der"
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*rewg-",
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"5": "to erupt, vomit, burp"
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"name": "der"
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"expansion": "Scots rok",
"name": "cog"
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{
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"1": "nl",
"2": "rook",
"3": "",
"4": "smoke, fog"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rook (“smoke, fog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rauch",
"3": "",
"4": "smoke, fume"
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"expansion": "German Rauch (“smoke, fume”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rök",
"3": "",
"4": "smoke, fume, steam, reek"
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"expansion": "Swedish rök (“smoke, fume, steam, reek”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "reek"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian reek",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English roke (“fog, vapour, cloud”), probably from Old Norse roka (\"whirlwind, fine spray\"; compare Old Norse særoka (“seaspray”)), reinforced later by Middle Dutch roke, rooc (“smoke”), from Old Dutch rouc (“steam, vapour”), from Proto-Germanic *raukiz (“smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *rewg- (“to erupt, vomit, burp”), from *rew- (“to roar, growl, grumble”). Cognate with Scots rok, roik, rouk (“mist, fog, cloud”), Dutch rook (“smoke, fog”), German Rauch (“smoke, fume”), Swedish rök (“smoke, fume, steam, reek”), West Frisian reek, riik (“smoke, fume”). More at reek. Compare dialectal rawk, which is related, and rag (“fog”) (see raggy (“foggy”)), which may or may not be.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rokes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "roke (countable and uncountable, plural rokes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Fog, mist; light rain; smoke, vapour; damp."
],
"links": [
[
"Fog",
"fog"
],
[
"mist",
"mist"
],
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"rain",
"rain"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"vapour",
"vapour"
],
[
"damp",
"damp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect) Fog, mist; light rain; smoke, vapour; damp."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"countable",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹəʊk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊk"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "roak"
},
{
"word": "rook"
},
{
"word": "rouk"
}
],
"word": "roke"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊk",
"Rhymes:English/əʊk/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Unclear; perhaps related to dialect rauk, rawk, a northern English dialectal word for a mark, including e.g. a defect on cloth.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rokes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "roke (plural rokes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "roky"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1921, Iron & Coal Trades Review, volume 103, page 337:",
"text": "It was found by examination of numerous sections of roky shell that it was not possible to estimate the extent of a roke by its appearance on the surface. The filing of a groove across the roke gives some […] indication as to its depth, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A defect in an ingot of steel: a depression lined with scale."
],
"links": [
[
"defect",
"defect"
],
[
"scale",
"scale"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Mining"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1889, “Action for Breach of a Custom observed in delivering Coal at Wollaton Pit, 1549, April 1”, in Records of the Borough of Nottingham: 1547-1625, page 11:",
"text": "of which custom the aforesaid John Parlby being not in the least ignorant, on the 20th day of Jun, in the second year of the reign of our Lord the present King, at the same pit, received and had a whole roke of coals, value 18d., by the delivery of the said Richard, together with a sign for one whole roke, according to the custom aforesaid;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1907, William Page, The Victoria History of the County of Derby - Volume 2, page 351:",
"text": "In 1450 certain lands at Codnor were exchanged subject to the condition that one of the parites should receive yearly three roke of coal if any 'myne of cole' were got.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1924, The Mining Engineer - Volumes 66-67, page 226:",
"text": "Account of coal getting, from 13 February to 24 December, 17 Henry VIII., giving the quantity got by each collier week by week, in the following form: “ L. Lambe gatt xiii roke",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A measurement of coal ore."
],
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect, mining) A measurement of coal ore."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹəʊk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊk"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "roak"
},
{
"word": "rook"
},
{
"word": "rouk"
}
],
"word": "roke"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "roke",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ロケ"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese romanizations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of ロケ"
],
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"ロケ",
"ロケ#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "roke"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{pl}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "roke",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "roke",
"name": "mi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Maori entries with incorrect language header",
"Maori lemmas",
"Maori nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"mi:Feces"
],
"glosses": [
"dung, poop, poo, faeces, feces, doodoo"
],
"links": [
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"poop",
"poop"
],
[
"poo",
"poo"
],
[
"faeces",
"faeces"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"doodoo",
"doodoo"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hamuti"
},
{
"word": "tūtae"
},
{
"word": "hamiti"
}
]
}
],
"word": "roke"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "roke oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rokes",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roke",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rokes",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "roke oblique singular, f (oblique plural rokes, nominative singular roke, nominative plural rokes)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "roche"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old Northern French",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of roche"
],
"links": [
[
"roche",
"roche#Old_French"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Old Northern French) Alternative form of roche"
],
"tags": [
"Old-Northern-French",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "roke"
}
Download raw JSONL data for roke meaning in All languages combined (10.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'roke oblique singular or', originally 'roke oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"roke"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "roke",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'roke oblique singular or', originally 'roke oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"roke"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "roke",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'roke oblique singular or' in 'roke oblique singular, f (oblique plural rokes, nominative singular roke, nominative plural rokes)'",
"path": [
"roke"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "roke",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.