See roach on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"alt": "Pachychilon pictum, Leucos basak",
"word": "Albanian roach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Rutilus lacustris",
"word": "Black Sea roach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Scardinius erythrophthalmus",
"word": "blue roach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"alt": "Hesperoleucus symmetricus",
"word": "California roach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Rutilus caspicus",
"word": "Caspian roach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "common roach"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "roche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English roche",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "roche"
},
"expansion": "Old French roche",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "roche, ruche",
"4": "",
"5": "ray (fish)"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German roche, ruche (“ray (fish)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*rūh"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *rūh",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rūhaz",
"t": "rough"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūhaz (“rough”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ruhha"
},
"expansion": "Old English ruhha",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rouhe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rouhe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"a ray\"; > Middle English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">rouhe</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">rohȝe</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"a ray\"; > Middle English rouhe, rohȝe)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rochen",
"3": "",
"4": "ray (fish)"
},
"expansion": "German Rochen (“ray (fish)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "common roach"
},
"expansion": "common roach",
"name": "vern"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Rutilus rutilus",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Rutilus rutilus",
"name": "taxfmt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English roche, from Old French roche, from Middle Low German roche, ruche (“ray (fish)”), from Old Saxon *rūh, possibly from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz (“rough”).\nCognate with Old English ruhha (\"a ray\"; > Middle English rouhe, rohȝe), German Rochen (“ray (fish)”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roach",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roach"
},
"expansion": "roach (plural roach)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 13 16 3 5 6 10 5 7 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 14 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 36 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 20 4 11 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 35 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kalmyk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 35 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 22 4 6 8 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Udmurt translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Western Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 20 4 3 4 3 1 4 1 10 5 1",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Leuciscine fish",
"orig": "en:Leuciscine fish",
"parents": [
"Cyprinids",
"Fish",
"Otocephalan fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Certain members of the fish family Cyprinidae, including:",
"Any fish of species in the genus Rutilus, especially"
],
"id": "en-roach-en-noun-en:fish",
"links": [
[
"Cyprinidae",
"Cyprinidae#Translingual"
],
[
"Rutilus",
"Rutilus#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Certain members of the fish family Cyprinidae, including:",
"Any fish of species in the genus Rutilus, especially:"
],
"senseid": [
"en:fish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 13 16 3 5 6 10 5 7 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 14 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 36 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 20 4 11 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 35 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kalmyk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 35 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 22 4 6 8 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Udmurt translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Western Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 20 4 3 4 3 1 4 1 10 5 1",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Leuciscine fish",
"orig": "en:Leuciscine fish",
"parents": [
"Cyprinids",
"Fish",
"Otocephalan fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Certain members of the fish family Cyprinidae, including:",
"Any fish of species in the genus Rutilus, especially:",
"A common roach (Rutilus rutilus)"
],
"id": "en-roach-en-noun-en:fish1",
"links": [
[
"Cyprinidae",
"Cyprinidae#Translingual"
],
[
"Rutilus",
"Rutilus#Translingual"
],
[
"Rutilus rutilus",
"Rutilus rutilus#Translingual"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:fish"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "plótka",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плотка"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "babuška",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бабушка"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "taranka",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "таранка"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "madrilleta vera"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nǐlǐ",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "擬鯉 /拟鲤"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plotice"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "särg"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "särki"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gardon"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Plötze"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rotauge"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "bodorka"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "särki"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "róiste"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rōchi",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "ローチ"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "manj zağsn",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "манҗ заһсн"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "kpv",
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"roman": "keľći",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "кельчи"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Routa"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "crvenopérka",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "црвенопе́рка"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "šereŋge",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "шереҥге"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "mrj",
"lang": "Western Mari",
"roman": "jakšarsÿnzä",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "якшарсӹнзӓ"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mort"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mort"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "ak balık",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "آق بالق"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "płoć"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "płotka"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "plotvá",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плотва́"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bodorka"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plotica"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leucisco"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "rutilo"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mört"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "çabaq",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "чабак"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "çapak"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "ćabak",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "чабак"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "gordśin",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "гордсин"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "plítka",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плі́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "plitʹ",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"collective",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пліть"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 51 14",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rhufell"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 13 16 3 5 6 10 5 7 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 14 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 36 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 20 4 11 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 35 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kalmyk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 35 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 22 4 6 8 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Udmurt translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Western Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 20 4 3 4 3 1 4 1 10 5 1",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Leuciscine fish",
"orig": "en:Leuciscine fish",
"parents": [
"Cyprinids",
"Fish",
"Otocephalan fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Certain members of the fish family Cyprinidae, including:",
"A California roach, of the monotypic genus Hesperoleucus"
],
"id": "en-roach-en-noun-en:fish1",
"links": [
[
"Cyprinidae",
"Cyprinidae#Translingual"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:fish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹəʊtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-roach.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊtʃ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"roach"
],
"word": "roach"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Supella supellectilium",
"word": "brown-banded roach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Blaptica dubia",
"word": "dubia roach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kikeroach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Leucophaea maderae",
"word": "Madeira roach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Blatta orientalis",
"word": "oriental roach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "roach bomb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "roach clip"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "roach coach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "roach fogger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "roach killer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "roach motel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "roach stomper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Ligia exotica",
"word": "sea roach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Turkroach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "turkroach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Ligia exotica",
"word": "wharf roach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "Cryptocercus",
"word": "wood roach"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cockroach"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from cockroach",
"name": "bf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from cockroach, as if it were a compound.\nMarijuana-related meanings by similarity of appearance of the butt, attested since the 1930s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roaches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "roach (plural roaches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 14 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 7 30 5 5 5 2 3 1 17 9 1",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cockroaches",
"orig": "en:Cockroaches",
"parents": [
"Insects",
"Arthropods",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cockroach."
],
"id": "en-roach-en-noun-en:cockroach",
"links": [
[
"cockroach",
"cockroach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US) A cockroach."
],
"senseid": [
"en:cockroach"
],
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Smoking",
"orig": "en:Smoking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 14 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 20 4 11 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The butt of a marijuana cigarette."
],
"id": "en-roach-en-noun-h3kPqQnZ",
"links": [
[
"smoking",
"smoking#Noun"
],
[
"butt",
"butt"
],
[
"cigarette",
"cigarette"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, slang, smoking) The butt of a marijuana cigarette."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"smoking"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fas",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фас"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"word": "(marihuanan) tumppi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cul"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cul de joint"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "fas",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фас"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Mexico",
"feminine"
],
"word": "bacha"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Nicaragua",
"feminine"
],
"word": "calilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Nicaragua",
"masculine"
],
"word": "calillón"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Puerto-Rico",
"feminine"
],
"word": "changa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Argentina",
"Colombia",
"Latin-America",
"Mexico",
"Peru",
"feminine"
],
"word": "chicharra"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Spain",
"feminine"
],
"word": "chusta"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Chile",
"feminine"
],
"word": "cola"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Colombia",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pata"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Peru",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pava"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Uruguay",
"feminine"
],
"word": "punta"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Spain",
"feminine"
],
"word": "tacha"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Costa-Rica",
"feminine"
],
"word": "tocola"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Costa-Rica",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 68 27 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Argentina",
"feminine"
],
"word": "tuca"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Smoking",
"orig": "en:Smoking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 14 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 20 4 11 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 34 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1957, Alfred Maund, The Big Boxcar, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 106:",
"text": "In his half hour of free time between brooms it was Willie's custom to smoke his lunch in an alleyway. He'd take just half a roach, only enough to make him feel a new day was starting, no more no less.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An entire marijuana cigarette, blunt, or joint."
],
"id": "en-roach-en-noun-1Gi7QEw-",
"links": [
[
"smoking",
"smoking#Noun"
],
[
"marijuana",
"marijuana"
],
[
"cigarette",
"cigarette"
],
[
"blunt",
"blunt"
],
[
"joint",
"joint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, slang, smoking) An entire marijuana cigarette, blunt, or joint."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"smoking"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Smoking",
"orig": "en:Smoking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 14 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 20 4 11 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 14 13 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 22 4 6 8 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Penguin Books, published 2001, →ISBN, page 292:",
"text": "Last toke is the yellowing fabric of the roach, containing the stuff that is less than tobacco.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The filter of a rolled cigarette or joint, made from card or paper."
],
"id": "en-roach-en-noun-nBEPiFl7",
"links": [
[
"smoking",
"smoking#Noun"
],
[
"filter",
"filter"
],
[
"cigarette",
"cigarette"
],
[
"joint",
"joint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, slang, smoking) The filter of a rolled cigarette or joint, made from card or paper."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"smoking"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹəʊtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-roach.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊtʃ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 46 42 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "tzivána",
"sense": "slang: filter of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τζιβάνα"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"roach"
],
"word": "roach"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "roach-backed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Apparently from extended or figurative use of roach (“Cyprinidae”), above. Compare the adjective roached (“styled so that the mane stands up from the neck”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roaches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "roach (plural roaches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sail material that forms a concave curve rather than straight leech (aft edge) of a sail to increase the sail area over that of a simple triangular sail."
],
"id": "en-roach-en-noun-en:curve",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"leech",
"leech#Etymology_4"
],
[
"sail",
"sail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) Sail material that forms a concave curve rather than straight leech (aft edge) of a sail to increase the sail area over that of a simple triangular sail."
],
"senseid": [
"en:curve"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nautical: curve in the aft edge of a sail",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "allunamento"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 6 6 8 6 4 17 1 18 10 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "en:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A haircut or a similar-looking kind of headdress worn by some of the indigenous peoples of North America, often red."
],
"id": "en-roach-en-noun-EhomevVJ"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹəʊtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-roach.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊtʃ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"roach"
],
"word": "roach"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "roached"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Apparently from extended or figurative use of roach (“Cyprinidae”), above. Compare the adjective roached (“styled so that the mane stands up from the neck”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roaches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roaching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roached",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "roached",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "roach (third-person singular simple present roaches, present participle roaching, simple past and past participle roached)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 13 16 3 5 6 10 5 7 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 24 49 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut or shave off the mane of a horse so that the remaining hair stands up on the neck."
],
"id": "en-roach-en-verb-VB3CdoUx",
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"shave",
"shave"
],
[
"mane",
"mane"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cut or shave off the mane of a horse so that the remaining hair stands up on the neck."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To cut a person's hair so that it stands straight up."
],
"id": "en-roach-en-verb-ESzhLhCR",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, by extension) To cut a person's hair so that it stands straight up."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹəʊtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-roach.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊtʃ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"roach"
],
"word": "roach"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Variant of roche (“rock”). Attested since the seventeenth century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roaches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "roach (plural roaches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mining",
"orig": "en:Mining",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1749, Rog. Mostyn, “Mineralogy”, in Philosophical Transactions and Collections to the End of the Year, volume II, London: Royal Society, →OCLC, page 379:",
"text": "After long Working of this Coal, it was found upon the rising Grounds, that there lay another Roach of Coal, at the Depth of 14 Yards under it",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bed or stratum of some mineral."
],
"id": "en-roach-en-noun-en:stratum",
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, obsolete, mining) A bed or stratum of some mineral."
],
"senseid": [
"en:stratum"
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 4 5 8 4 8 5 18 13 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 13 11 2 3 4 8 3 7 3 19 13 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 14 13 2 2 3 8 2 6 2 21 14 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 6 6 8 6 4 17 1 18 10 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "en:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1841, C.H. Smith, “Lithology; or Observations on Stone for Building”, in The Surveyor, Engineer, and Architect, →OCLC, page 13:",
"text": "The roach, both of the top and bottom beds, is always imperceptibly incorporated with the freestone, which is invariable situated beneath it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Gritty or coarse rock; especially Portland stone or similar limestone."
],
"id": "en-roach-en-noun-9x-rLCws",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"Portland stone",
"Portland stone"
],
[
"limestone",
"limestone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, regional) Gritty or coarse rock; especially Portland stone or similar limestone."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹəʊtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-roach.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊtʃ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"roach"
],
"word": "roach"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Old Saxon",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ",
"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kalmyk translations",
"Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Udmurt translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Western Mari translations",
"en:Cockroaches",
"en:Headwear",
"en:Leuciscine fish"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "Pachychilon pictum, Leucos basak",
"word": "Albanian roach"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Rutilus lacustris",
"word": "Black Sea roach"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Scardinius erythrophthalmus",
"word": "blue roach"
},
{
"alt": "Hesperoleucus symmetricus",
"word": "California roach"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Rutilus caspicus",
"word": "Caspian roach"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "common roach"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "roche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English roche",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "roche"
},
"expansion": "Old French roche",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "roche, ruche",
"4": "",
"5": "ray (fish)"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German roche, ruche (“ray (fish)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*rūh"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *rūh",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rūhaz",
"t": "rough"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūhaz (“rough”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ruhha"
},
"expansion": "Old English ruhha",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rouhe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rouhe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"a ray\"; > Middle English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">rouhe</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">rohȝe</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"a ray\"; > Middle English rouhe, rohȝe)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rochen",
"3": "",
"4": "ray (fish)"
},
"expansion": "German Rochen (“ray (fish)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "common roach"
},
"expansion": "common roach",
"name": "vern"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Rutilus rutilus",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Rutilus rutilus",
"name": "taxfmt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English roche, from Old French roche, from Middle Low German roche, ruche (“ray (fish)”), from Old Saxon *rūh, possibly from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz (“rough”).\nCognate with Old English ruhha (\"a ray\"; > Middle English rouhe, rohȝe), German Rochen (“ray (fish)”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roach",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roach"
},
"expansion": "roach (plural roach)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Certain members of the fish family Cyprinidae, including:",
"Any fish of species in the genus Rutilus, especially"
],
"links": [
[
"Cyprinidae",
"Cyprinidae#Translingual"
],
[
"Rutilus",
"Rutilus#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Certain members of the fish family Cyprinidae, including:",
"Any fish of species in the genus Rutilus, especially:"
],
"senseid": [
"en:fish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa"
],
"glosses": [
"Certain members of the fish family Cyprinidae, including:",
"Any fish of species in the genus Rutilus, especially:",
"A common roach (Rutilus rutilus)"
],
"links": [
[
"Cyprinidae",
"Cyprinidae#Translingual"
],
[
"Rutilus",
"Rutilus#Translingual"
],
[
"Rutilus rutilus",
"Rutilus rutilus#Translingual"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:fish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)"
],
"glosses": [
"Certain members of the fish family Cyprinidae, including:",
"A California roach, of the monotypic genus Hesperoleucus"
],
"links": [
[
"Cyprinidae",
"Cyprinidae#Translingual"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:fish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹəʊtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-roach.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊtʃ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "plótka",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плотка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "babuška",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бабушка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "taranka",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "таранка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "madrilleta vera"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nǐlǐ",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "擬鯉 /拟鲤"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plotice"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "särg"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "särki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gardon"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Plötze"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rotauge"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "bodorka"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "särki"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "róiste"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rōchi",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "ローチ"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "manj zağsn",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "манҗ заһсн"
},
{
"code": "kpv",
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"roman": "keľći",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "кельчи"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Routa"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "crvenopérka",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "црвенопе́рка"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "šereŋge",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "шереҥге"
},
{
"code": "mrj",
"lang": "Western Mari",
"roman": "jakšarsÿnzä",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "якшарсӹнзӓ"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mort"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mort"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "ak balık",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "آق بالق"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "płoć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "płotka"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "plotvá",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плотва́"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bodorka"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plotica"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leucisco"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "rutilo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mört"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "çabaq",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "чабак"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "çapak"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "ćabak",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "чабак"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "gordśin",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"word": "гордсин"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "plítka",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плі́тка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "plitʹ",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"collective",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пліть"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Rutilus rutilus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rhufell"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"roach"
],
"word": "roach"
}
{
"categories": [
"English back-formations",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ",
"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Cockroaches",
"en:Headwear",
"en:Leuciscine fish"
],
"derived": [
{
"taxonomic": "Supella supellectilium",
"word": "brown-banded roach"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Blaptica dubia",
"word": "dubia roach"
},
{
"word": "kikeroach"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Leucophaea maderae",
"word": "Madeira roach"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Blatta orientalis",
"word": "oriental roach"
},
{
"word": "roach bomb"
},
{
"word": "roach clip"
},
{
"word": "roach coach"
},
{
"word": "roach fogger"
},
{
"word": "roach killer"
},
{
"word": "roach motel"
},
{
"word": "roach stomper"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ligia exotica",
"word": "sea roach"
},
{
"word": "Turkroach"
},
{
"word": "turkroach"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Ligia exotica",
"word": "wharf roach"
},
{
"english": "Cryptocercus",
"word": "wood roach"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cockroach"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from cockroach",
"name": "bf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from cockroach, as if it were a compound.\nMarijuana-related meanings by similarity of appearance of the butt, attested since the 1930s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roaches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "roach (plural roaches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English"
],
"glosses": [
"A cockroach."
],
"links": [
[
"cockroach",
"cockroach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US) A cockroach."
],
"senseid": [
"en:cockroach"
],
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English slang",
"en:Smoking"
],
"glosses": [
"The butt of a marijuana cigarette."
],
"links": [
[
"smoking",
"smoking#Noun"
],
[
"butt",
"butt"
],
[
"cigarette",
"cigarette"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, slang, smoking) The butt of a marijuana cigarette."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"smoking"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Smoking"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1957, Alfred Maund, The Big Boxcar, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 106:",
"text": "In his half hour of free time between brooms it was Willie's custom to smoke his lunch in an alleyway. He'd take just half a roach, only enough to make him feel a new day was starting, no more no less.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An entire marijuana cigarette, blunt, or joint."
],
"links": [
[
"smoking",
"smoking#Noun"
],
[
"marijuana",
"marijuana"
],
[
"cigarette",
"cigarette"
],
[
"blunt",
"blunt"
],
[
"joint",
"joint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, slang, smoking) An entire marijuana cigarette, blunt, or joint."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"smoking"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Smoking"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Penguin Books, published 2001, →ISBN, page 292:",
"text": "Last toke is the yellowing fabric of the roach, containing the stuff that is less than tobacco.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The filter of a rolled cigarette or joint, made from card or paper."
],
"links": [
[
"smoking",
"smoking#Noun"
],
[
"filter",
"filter"
],
[
"cigarette",
"cigarette"
],
[
"joint",
"joint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, slang, smoking) The filter of a rolled cigarette or joint, made from card or paper."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"smoking"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹəʊtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-roach.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊtʃ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fas",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фас"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"word": "(marihuanan) tumppi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cul"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cul de joint"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "fas",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фас"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Mexico",
"feminine"
],
"word": "bacha"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Nicaragua",
"feminine"
],
"word": "calilla"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Nicaragua",
"masculine"
],
"word": "calillón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Puerto-Rico",
"feminine"
],
"word": "changa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Argentina",
"Colombia",
"Latin-America",
"Mexico",
"Peru",
"feminine"
],
"word": "chicharra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Spain",
"feminine"
],
"word": "chusta"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Chile",
"feminine"
],
"word": "cola"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Colombia",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pata"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Peru",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pava"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Uruguay",
"feminine"
],
"word": "punta"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Spain",
"feminine"
],
"word": "tacha"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Costa-Rica",
"feminine"
],
"word": "tocola"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Costa-Rica",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocolo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"Argentina",
"feminine"
],
"word": "tuca"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "tzivána",
"sense": "slang: filter of a marijuana cigarette",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τζιβάνα"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"roach"
],
"word": "roach"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ",
"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"en:Cockroaches",
"en:Headwear",
"en:Leuciscine fish"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "roach-backed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Apparently from extended or figurative use of roach (“Cyprinidae”), above. Compare the adjective roached (“styled so that the mane stands up from the neck”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roaches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "roach (plural roaches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"Sail material that forms a concave curve rather than straight leech (aft edge) of a sail to increase the sail area over that of a simple triangular sail."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"leech",
"leech#Etymology_4"
],
[
"sail",
"sail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) Sail material that forms a concave curve rather than straight leech (aft edge) of a sail to increase the sail area over that of a simple triangular sail."
],
"senseid": [
"en:curve"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A haircut or a similar-looking kind of headdress worn by some of the indigenous peoples of North America, often red."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹəʊtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-roach.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊtʃ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nautical: curve in the aft edge of a sail",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "allunamento"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"roach"
],
"word": "roach"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ",
"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"en:Cockroaches",
"en:Headwear",
"en:Leuciscine fish"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "roached"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Apparently from extended or figurative use of roach (“Cyprinidae”), above. Compare the adjective roached (“styled so that the mane stands up from the neck”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roaches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roaching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roached",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "roached",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "roach (third-person singular simple present roaches, present participle roaching, simple past and past participle roached)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cut or shave off the mane of a horse so that the remaining hair stands up on the neck."
],
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"shave",
"shave"
],
[
"mane",
"mane"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cut or shave off the mane of a horse so that the remaining hair stands up on the neck."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cut a person's hair so that it stands straight up."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, by extension) To cut a person's hair so that it stands straight up."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹəʊtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-roach.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊtʃ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"roach"
],
"word": "roach"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ",
"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ/1 syllable",
"en:Cockroaches",
"en:Headwear",
"en:Leuciscine fish"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Variant of roche (“rock”). Attested since the seventeenth century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roaches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "roach (plural roaches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Mining"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1749, Rog. Mostyn, “Mineralogy”, in Philosophical Transactions and Collections to the End of the Year, volume II, London: Royal Society, →OCLC, page 379:",
"text": "After long Working of this Coal, it was found upon the rising Grounds, that there lay another Roach of Coal, at the Depth of 14 Yards under it",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bed or stratum of some mineral."
],
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, obsolete, mining) A bed or stratum of some mineral."
],
"senseid": [
"en:stratum"
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with quotations",
"Regional English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1841, C.H. Smith, “Lithology; or Observations on Stone for Building”, in The Surveyor, Engineer, and Architect, →OCLC, page 13:",
"text": "The roach, both of the top and bottom beds, is always imperceptibly incorporated with the freestone, which is invariable situated beneath it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Gritty or coarse rock; especially Portland stone or similar limestone."
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"Portland stone",
"Portland stone"
],
[
"limestone",
"limestone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, regional) Gritty or coarse rock; especially Portland stone or similar limestone."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹəʊtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-au-roach.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊtʃ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"roach"
],
"word": "roach"
}
Download raw JSONL data for roach meaning in All languages combined (23.3kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "roach/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English indeclinable nouns\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with irregular plurals\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Middle Low German\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English terms derived from Old Saxon\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Eastern Mari translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Ingrian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kalmyk translations\", \"Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations\", \"Terms with Luxembourgish translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tatar translations\", \"Terms with Turkmen translations\", \"Terms with Udmurt translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"Terms with Western Mari translations\", \"en:Cockroaches\", \"en:Headwear\", \"en:Leuciscine fish\"], \"derived\": [{\"alt\": \"Pachychilon pictum, Leucos basak\", \"word\": \"Albanian roach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Rutilus lacustris\", \"word\": \"Black Sea roach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Scardinius erythrophthalmus\", \"word\": \"blue roach\"}, {\"alt\": \"Hesperoleucus symmetricus\", \"word\": \"California roach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Rutilus caspicus\", \"word\": \"Caspian roach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"word\": \"common roach\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"roche\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English roche\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"roche\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French roche\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gml\", \"3\": \"roche, ruche\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"ray (fish)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle Low German roche, ruche (“ray (fish)”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"osx\", \"3\": \"*rūh\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Saxon *rūh\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*rūhaz\", \"t\": \"rough\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *rūhaz (“rough”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"ruhha\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English ruhha\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"rouhe\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English rouhe\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"\\\"a ray\\\"; > Middle English <i class=\\\"Latn mention\\\" lang=\\\"enm\\\">rouhe</i>, <i class=\\\"Latn mention\\\" lang=\\\"enm\\\">rohȝe</i>\"}, \"expansion\": \"(\\\"a ray\\\"; > Middle English rouhe, rohȝe)\", \"name\": \"gloss\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"Rochen\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"ray (fish)\"}, \"expansion\": \"German Rochen (“ray (fish)”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"common roach\"}, \"expansion\": \"common roach\", \"name\": \"vern\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"2\": \"species\"}, \"expansion\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"name\": \"taxfmt\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English roche, from Old French roche, from Middle Low German roche, ruche (“ray (fish)”), from Old Saxon *rūh, possibly from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz (“rough”).\\nCognate with Old English ruhha (\\\"a ray\\\"; > Middle English rouhe, rohȝe), German Rochen (“ray (fish)”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"roach\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"roach\"}, \"expansion\": \"roach (plural roach)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"Certain members of the fish family Cyprinidae, including:\", \"Any fish of species in the genus Rutilus, especially\"], \"links\": [[\"Cyprinidae\", \"Cyprinidae#Translingual\"], [\"Rutilus\", \"Rutilus#Translingual\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"Certain members of the fish family Cyprinidae, including:\", \"Any fish of species in the genus Rutilus, especially:\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:fish\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa\"], \"glosses\": [\"Certain members of the fish family Cyprinidae, including:\", \"Any fish of species in the genus Rutilus, especially:\", \"A common roach (Rutilus rutilus)\"], \"links\": [[\"Cyprinidae\", \"Cyprinidae#Translingual\"], [\"Rutilus\", \"Rutilus#Translingual\"], [\"Rutilus rutilus\", \"Rutilus rutilus#Translingual\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:fish\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa\", \"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)\"], \"glosses\": [\"Certain members of the fish family Cyprinidae, including:\", \"A California roach, of the monotypic genus Hesperoleucus\"], \"links\": [[\"Cyprinidae\", \"Cyprinidae#Translingual\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:fish\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ɹəʊtʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-au-roach.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-əʊtʃ\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"plótka\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"плотка\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"babuška\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"бабушка\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"taranka\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"таранка\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"madrilleta vera\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"nǐlǐ\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"word\": \"擬鯉 /拟鲤\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"plotice\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"word\": \"särg\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"word\": \"särki\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"gardon\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"Plötze\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Rotauge\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"word\": \"bodorka\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"word\": \"särki\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"róiste\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"rōchi\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"word\": \"ローチ\"}, {\"code\": \"xal\", \"lang\": \"Kalmyk\", \"roman\": \"manj zağsn\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"word\": \"манҗ заһсн\"}, {\"code\": \"kpv\", \"lang\": \"Komi-Zyrian\", \"roman\": \"keľći\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"word\": \"кельчи\"}, {\"code\": \"lb\", \"lang\": \"Luxembourgish\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Routa\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"crvenopérka\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"црвенопе́рка\"}, {\"code\": \"mhr\", \"lang\": \"Eastern Mari\", \"roman\": \"šereŋge\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"word\": \"шереҥге\"}, {\"code\": \"mrj\", \"lang\": \"Western Mari\", \"roman\": \"jakšarsÿnzä\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"word\": \"якшарсӹнзӓ\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"mort\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"mort\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"ak balık\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"word\": \"آق بالق\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"płoć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"płotka\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"plotvá\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"плотва́\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"bodorka\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"plotica\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"leucisco\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"word\": \"rutilo\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"mört\"}, {\"code\": \"tt\", \"lang\": \"Tatar\", \"roman\": \"çabaq\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"word\": \"чабак\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"singular\"], \"word\": \"çapak\"}, {\"code\": \"udm\", \"lang\": \"Udmurt\", \"roman\": \"ćabak\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"word\": \"чабак\"}, {\"code\": \"udm\", \"lang\": \"Udmurt\", \"roman\": \"gordśin\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"word\": \"гордсин\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"plítka\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"плі́тка\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"plitʹ\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"collective\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"пліть\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"Rutilus rutilus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"rhufell\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"roach\"], \"word\": \"roach\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "roach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "roach/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English back-formations\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa\", \"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"en:Cockroaches\", \"en:Headwear\", \"en:Leuciscine fish\"], \"derived\": [{\"taxonomic\": \"Supella supellectilium\", \"word\": \"brown-banded roach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Blaptica dubia\", \"word\": \"dubia roach\"}, {\"word\": \"kikeroach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Leucophaea maderae\", \"word\": \"Madeira roach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Blatta orientalis\", \"word\": \"oriental roach\"}, {\"word\": \"roach bomb\"}, {\"word\": \"roach clip\"}, {\"word\": \"roach coach\"}, {\"word\": \"roach fogger\"}, {\"word\": \"roach killer\"}, {\"word\": \"roach motel\"}, {\"word\": \"roach stomper\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Ligia exotica\", \"word\": \"sea roach\"}, {\"word\": \"Turkroach\"}, {\"word\": \"turkroach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Ligia exotica\", \"word\": \"wharf roach\"}, {\"english\": \"Cryptocercus\", \"word\": \"wood roach\"}], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"cockroach\"}, \"expansion\": \"Back-formation from cockroach\", \"name\": \"bf\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Back-formation from cockroach, as if it were a compound.\\nMarijuana-related meanings by similarity of appearance of the butt, attested since the 1930s.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"roaches\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"roach (plural roaches)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"American English\"], \"glosses\": [\"A cockroach.\"], \"links\": [[\"cockroach\", \"cockroach\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US) A cockroach.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cockroach\"], \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"American English\", \"English slang\", \"en:Smoking\"], \"glosses\": [\"The butt of a marijuana cigarette.\"], \"links\": [[\"smoking\", \"smoking#Noun\"], [\"butt\", \"butt\"], [\"cigarette\", \"cigarette\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US, slang, smoking) The butt of a marijuana cigarette.\"], \"tags\": [\"US\", \"slang\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"smoking\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"American English\", \"English slang\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Smoking\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1957, Alfred Maund, The Big Boxcar, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 106:\", \"text\": \"In his half hour of free time between brooms it was Willie's custom to smoke his lunch in an alleyway. He'd take just half a roach, only enough to make him feel a new day was starting, no more no less.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"An entire marijuana cigarette, blunt, or joint.\"], \"links\": [[\"smoking\", \"smoking#Noun\"], [\"marijuana\", \"marijuana\"], [\"cigarette\", \"cigarette\"], [\"blunt\", \"blunt\"], [\"joint\", \"joint\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US, slang, smoking) An entire marijuana cigarette, blunt, or joint.\"], \"tags\": [\"US\", \"slang\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"smoking\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English slang\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Smoking\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Penguin Books, published 2001, →ISBN, page 292:\", \"text\": \"Last toke is the yellowing fabric of the roach, containing the stuff that is less than tobacco.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The filter of a rolled cigarette or joint, made from card or paper.\"], \"links\": [[\"smoking\", \"smoking#Noun\"], [\"filter\", \"filter\"], [\"cigarette\", \"cigarette\"], [\"joint\", \"joint\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(UK, slang, smoking) The filter of a rolled cigarette or joint, made from card or paper.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"slang\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"smoking\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ɹəʊtʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-au-roach.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-əʊtʃ\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"fas\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"фас\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"word\": \"(marihuanan) tumppi\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cul\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cul de joint\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"fas\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"фас\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Mexico\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"bacha\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Nicaragua\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"calilla\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Nicaragua\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"calillón\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Puerto-Rico\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"changa\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Argentina\", \"Colombia\", \"Latin-America\", \"Mexico\", \"Peru\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"chicharra\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Spain\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"chusta\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Chile\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cola\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Colombia\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pata\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Peru\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pava\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Uruguay\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"punta\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Spain\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tacha\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Costa-Rica\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tocola\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Costa-Rica\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tocolo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Argentina\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tuca\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"tzivána\", \"sense\": \"slang: filter of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"τζιβάνα\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"roach\"], \"word\": \"roach\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "roach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "roach/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Puerto-Rico not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English back-formations\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa\", \"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"en:Cockroaches\", \"en:Headwear\", \"en:Leuciscine fish\"], \"derived\": [{\"taxonomic\": \"Supella supellectilium\", \"word\": \"brown-banded roach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Blaptica dubia\", \"word\": \"dubia roach\"}, {\"word\": \"kikeroach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Leucophaea maderae\", \"word\": \"Madeira roach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Blatta orientalis\", \"word\": \"oriental roach\"}, {\"word\": \"roach bomb\"}, {\"word\": \"roach clip\"}, {\"word\": \"roach coach\"}, {\"word\": \"roach fogger\"}, {\"word\": \"roach killer\"}, {\"word\": \"roach motel\"}, {\"word\": \"roach stomper\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Ligia exotica\", \"word\": \"sea roach\"}, {\"word\": \"Turkroach\"}, {\"word\": \"turkroach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Ligia exotica\", \"word\": \"wharf roach\"}, {\"english\": \"Cryptocercus\", \"word\": \"wood roach\"}], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"cockroach\"}, \"expansion\": \"Back-formation from cockroach\", \"name\": \"bf\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Back-formation from cockroach, as if it were a compound.\\nMarijuana-related meanings by similarity of appearance of the butt, attested since the 1930s.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"roaches\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"roach (plural roaches)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"American English\"], \"glosses\": [\"A cockroach.\"], \"links\": [[\"cockroach\", \"cockroach\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US) A cockroach.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cockroach\"], \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"American English\", \"English slang\", \"en:Smoking\"], \"glosses\": [\"The butt of a marijuana cigarette.\"], \"links\": [[\"smoking\", \"smoking#Noun\"], [\"butt\", \"butt\"], [\"cigarette\", \"cigarette\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US, slang, smoking) The butt of a marijuana cigarette.\"], \"tags\": [\"US\", \"slang\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"smoking\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"American English\", \"English slang\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Smoking\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1957, Alfred Maund, The Big Boxcar, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 106:\", \"text\": \"In his half hour of free time between brooms it was Willie's custom to smoke his lunch in an alleyway. He'd take just half a roach, only enough to make him feel a new day was starting, no more no less.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"An entire marijuana cigarette, blunt, or joint.\"], \"links\": [[\"smoking\", \"smoking#Noun\"], [\"marijuana\", \"marijuana\"], [\"cigarette\", \"cigarette\"], [\"blunt\", \"blunt\"], [\"joint\", \"joint\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US, slang, smoking) An entire marijuana cigarette, blunt, or joint.\"], \"tags\": [\"US\", \"slang\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"smoking\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English slang\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Smoking\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Penguin Books, published 2001, →ISBN, page 292:\", \"text\": \"Last toke is the yellowing fabric of the roach, containing the stuff that is less than tobacco.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The filter of a rolled cigarette or joint, made from card or paper.\"], \"links\": [[\"smoking\", \"smoking#Noun\"], [\"filter\", \"filter\"], [\"cigarette\", \"cigarette\"], [\"joint\", \"joint\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(UK, slang, smoking) The filter of a rolled cigarette or joint, made from card or paper.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"slang\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"smoking\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ɹəʊtʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-au-roach.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-əʊtʃ\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"fas\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"фас\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"word\": \"(marihuanan) tumppi\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cul\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cul de joint\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"fas\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"фас\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Mexico\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"bacha\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Nicaragua\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"calilla\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Nicaragua\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"calillón\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Puerto-Rico\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"changa\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Argentina\", \"Colombia\", \"Latin-America\", \"Mexico\", \"Peru\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"chicharra\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Spain\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"chusta\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Chile\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cola\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Colombia\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pata\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Peru\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pava\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Uruguay\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"punta\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Spain\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tacha\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Costa-Rica\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tocola\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Costa-Rica\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tocolo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Argentina\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tuca\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"tzivána\", \"sense\": \"slang: filter of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"τζιβάνα\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"roach\"], \"word\": \"roach\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "roach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "roach/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Latin-America not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English back-formations\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa\", \"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"en:Cockroaches\", \"en:Headwear\", \"en:Leuciscine fish\"], \"derived\": [{\"taxonomic\": \"Supella supellectilium\", \"word\": \"brown-banded roach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Blaptica dubia\", \"word\": \"dubia roach\"}, {\"word\": \"kikeroach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Leucophaea maderae\", \"word\": \"Madeira roach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Blatta orientalis\", \"word\": \"oriental roach\"}, {\"word\": \"roach bomb\"}, {\"word\": \"roach clip\"}, {\"word\": \"roach coach\"}, {\"word\": \"roach fogger\"}, {\"word\": \"roach killer\"}, {\"word\": \"roach motel\"}, {\"word\": \"roach stomper\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Ligia exotica\", \"word\": \"sea roach\"}, {\"word\": \"Turkroach\"}, {\"word\": \"turkroach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Ligia exotica\", \"word\": \"wharf roach\"}, {\"english\": \"Cryptocercus\", \"word\": \"wood roach\"}], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"cockroach\"}, \"expansion\": \"Back-formation from cockroach\", \"name\": \"bf\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Back-formation from cockroach, as if it were a compound.\\nMarijuana-related meanings by similarity of appearance of the butt, attested since the 1930s.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"roaches\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"roach (plural roaches)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"American English\"], \"glosses\": [\"A cockroach.\"], \"links\": [[\"cockroach\", \"cockroach\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US) A cockroach.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cockroach\"], \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"American English\", \"English slang\", \"en:Smoking\"], \"glosses\": [\"The butt of a marijuana cigarette.\"], \"links\": [[\"smoking\", \"smoking#Noun\"], [\"butt\", \"butt\"], [\"cigarette\", \"cigarette\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US, slang, smoking) The butt of a marijuana cigarette.\"], \"tags\": [\"US\", \"slang\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"smoking\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"American English\", \"English slang\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Smoking\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1957, Alfred Maund, The Big Boxcar, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 106:\", \"text\": \"In his half hour of free time between brooms it was Willie's custom to smoke his lunch in an alleyway. He'd take just half a roach, only enough to make him feel a new day was starting, no more no less.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"An entire marijuana cigarette, blunt, or joint.\"], \"links\": [[\"smoking\", \"smoking#Noun\"], [\"marijuana\", \"marijuana\"], [\"cigarette\", \"cigarette\"], [\"blunt\", \"blunt\"], [\"joint\", \"joint\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US, slang, smoking) An entire marijuana cigarette, blunt, or joint.\"], \"tags\": [\"US\", \"slang\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"smoking\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English slang\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Smoking\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Penguin Books, published 2001, →ISBN, page 292:\", \"text\": \"Last toke is the yellowing fabric of the roach, containing the stuff that is less than tobacco.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The filter of a rolled cigarette or joint, made from card or paper.\"], \"links\": [[\"smoking\", \"smoking#Noun\"], [\"filter\", \"filter\"], [\"cigarette\", \"cigarette\"], [\"joint\", \"joint\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(UK, slang, smoking) The filter of a rolled cigarette or joint, made from card or paper.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"slang\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"smoking\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ɹəʊtʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-au-roach.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-əʊtʃ\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"fas\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"фас\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"word\": \"(marihuanan) tumppi\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cul\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cul de joint\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"fas\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"фас\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Mexico\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"bacha\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Nicaragua\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"calilla\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Nicaragua\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"calillón\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Puerto-Rico\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"changa\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Argentina\", \"Colombia\", \"Latin-America\", \"Mexico\", \"Peru\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"chicharra\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Spain\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"chusta\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Chile\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cola\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Colombia\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pata\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Peru\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pava\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Uruguay\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"punta\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Spain\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tacha\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Costa-Rica\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tocola\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Costa-Rica\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tocolo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Argentina\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tuca\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"tzivána\", \"sense\": \"slang: filter of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"τζιβάνα\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"roach\"], \"word\": \"roach\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "roach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "roach/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Costa-Rica not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English back-formations\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa\", \"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"en:Cockroaches\", \"en:Headwear\", \"en:Leuciscine fish\"], \"derived\": [{\"taxonomic\": \"Supella supellectilium\", \"word\": \"brown-banded roach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Blaptica dubia\", \"word\": \"dubia roach\"}, {\"word\": \"kikeroach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Leucophaea maderae\", \"word\": \"Madeira roach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Blatta orientalis\", \"word\": \"oriental roach\"}, {\"word\": \"roach bomb\"}, {\"word\": \"roach clip\"}, {\"word\": \"roach coach\"}, {\"word\": \"roach fogger\"}, {\"word\": \"roach killer\"}, {\"word\": \"roach motel\"}, {\"word\": \"roach stomper\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Ligia exotica\", \"word\": \"sea roach\"}, {\"word\": \"Turkroach\"}, {\"word\": \"turkroach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Ligia exotica\", \"word\": \"wharf roach\"}, {\"english\": \"Cryptocercus\", \"word\": \"wood roach\"}], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"cockroach\"}, \"expansion\": \"Back-formation from cockroach\", \"name\": \"bf\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Back-formation from cockroach, as if it were a compound.\\nMarijuana-related meanings by similarity of appearance of the butt, attested since the 1930s.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"roaches\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"roach (plural roaches)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"American English\"], \"glosses\": [\"A cockroach.\"], \"links\": [[\"cockroach\", \"cockroach\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US) A cockroach.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cockroach\"], \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"American English\", \"English slang\", \"en:Smoking\"], \"glosses\": [\"The butt of a marijuana cigarette.\"], \"links\": [[\"smoking\", \"smoking#Noun\"], [\"butt\", \"butt\"], [\"cigarette\", \"cigarette\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US, slang, smoking) The butt of a marijuana cigarette.\"], \"tags\": [\"US\", \"slang\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"smoking\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"American English\", \"English slang\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Smoking\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1957, Alfred Maund, The Big Boxcar, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 106:\", \"text\": \"In his half hour of free time between brooms it was Willie's custom to smoke his lunch in an alleyway. He'd take just half a roach, only enough to make him feel a new day was starting, no more no less.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"An entire marijuana cigarette, blunt, or joint.\"], \"links\": [[\"smoking\", \"smoking#Noun\"], [\"marijuana\", \"marijuana\"], [\"cigarette\", \"cigarette\"], [\"blunt\", \"blunt\"], [\"joint\", \"joint\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US, slang, smoking) An entire marijuana cigarette, blunt, or joint.\"], \"tags\": [\"US\", \"slang\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"smoking\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English slang\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Smoking\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Penguin Books, published 2001, →ISBN, page 292:\", \"text\": \"Last toke is the yellowing fabric of the roach, containing the stuff that is less than tobacco.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The filter of a rolled cigarette or joint, made from card or paper.\"], \"links\": [[\"smoking\", \"smoking#Noun\"], [\"filter\", \"filter\"], [\"cigarette\", \"cigarette\"], [\"joint\", \"joint\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(UK, slang, smoking) The filter of a rolled cigarette or joint, made from card or paper.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"slang\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"smoking\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ɹəʊtʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-au-roach.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-əʊtʃ\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"fas\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"фас\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"word\": \"(marihuanan) tumppi\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cul\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cul de joint\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"fas\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"фас\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Mexico\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"bacha\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Nicaragua\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"calilla\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Nicaragua\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"calillón\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Puerto-Rico\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"changa\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Argentina\", \"Colombia\", \"Latin-America\", \"Mexico\", \"Peru\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"chicharra\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Spain\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"chusta\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Chile\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cola\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Colombia\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pata\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Peru\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pava\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Uruguay\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"punta\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Spain\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tacha\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Costa-Rica\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tocola\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Costa-Rica\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tocolo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Argentina\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tuca\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"tzivána\", \"sense\": \"slang: filter of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"τζιβάνα\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"roach\"], \"word\": \"roach\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "roach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "roach/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Costa-Rica not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English back-formations\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa\", \"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"en:Cockroaches\", \"en:Headwear\", \"en:Leuciscine fish\"], \"derived\": [{\"taxonomic\": \"Supella supellectilium\", \"word\": \"brown-banded roach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Blaptica dubia\", \"word\": \"dubia roach\"}, {\"word\": \"kikeroach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Leucophaea maderae\", \"word\": \"Madeira roach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Blatta orientalis\", \"word\": \"oriental roach\"}, {\"word\": \"roach bomb\"}, {\"word\": \"roach clip\"}, {\"word\": \"roach coach\"}, {\"word\": \"roach fogger\"}, {\"word\": \"roach killer\"}, {\"word\": \"roach motel\"}, {\"word\": \"roach stomper\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Ligia exotica\", \"word\": \"sea roach\"}, {\"word\": \"Turkroach\"}, {\"word\": \"turkroach\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Ligia exotica\", \"word\": \"wharf roach\"}, {\"english\": \"Cryptocercus\", \"word\": \"wood roach\"}], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"cockroach\"}, \"expansion\": \"Back-formation from cockroach\", \"name\": \"bf\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Back-formation from cockroach, as if it were a compound.\\nMarijuana-related meanings by similarity of appearance of the butt, attested since the 1930s.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"roaches\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"roach (plural roaches)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"American English\"], \"glosses\": [\"A cockroach.\"], \"links\": [[\"cockroach\", \"cockroach\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US) A cockroach.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:cockroach\"], \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"American English\", \"English slang\", \"en:Smoking\"], \"glosses\": [\"The butt of a marijuana cigarette.\"], \"links\": [[\"smoking\", \"smoking#Noun\"], [\"butt\", \"butt\"], [\"cigarette\", \"cigarette\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US, slang, smoking) The butt of a marijuana cigarette.\"], \"tags\": [\"US\", \"slang\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"smoking\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"American English\", \"English slang\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Smoking\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1957, Alfred Maund, The Big Boxcar, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 106:\", \"text\": \"In his half hour of free time between brooms it was Willie's custom to smoke his lunch in an alleyway. He'd take just half a roach, only enough to make him feel a new day was starting, no more no less.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"An entire marijuana cigarette, blunt, or joint.\"], \"links\": [[\"smoking\", \"smoking#Noun\"], [\"marijuana\", \"marijuana\"], [\"cigarette\", \"cigarette\"], [\"blunt\", \"blunt\"], [\"joint\", \"joint\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(US, slang, smoking) An entire marijuana cigarette, blunt, or joint.\"], \"tags\": [\"US\", \"slang\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"smoking\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English slang\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Smoking\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Penguin Books, published 2001, →ISBN, page 292:\", \"text\": \"Last toke is the yellowing fabric of the roach, containing the stuff that is less than tobacco.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The filter of a rolled cigarette or joint, made from card or paper.\"], \"links\": [[\"smoking\", \"smoking#Noun\"], [\"filter\", \"filter\"], [\"cigarette\", \"cigarette\"], [\"joint\", \"joint\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(UK, slang, smoking) The filter of a rolled cigarette or joint, made from card or paper.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"slang\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"smoking\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ɹəʊtʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-au-roach.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-əʊtʃ\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"fas\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"фас\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"word\": \"(marihuanan) tumppi\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cul\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cul de joint\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"fas\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"фас\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Mexico\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"bacha\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Nicaragua\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"calilla\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Nicaragua\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"calillón\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Puerto-Rico\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"changa\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Argentina\", \"Colombia\", \"Latin-America\", \"Mexico\", \"Peru\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"chicharra\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Spain\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"chusta\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Chile\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cola\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Colombia\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pata\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Peru\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pava\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Uruguay\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"punta\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Spain\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tacha\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Costa-Rica\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tocola\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Costa-Rica\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tocolo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"Argentina\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tuca\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"tzivána\", \"sense\": \"slang: filter of a marijuana cigarette\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"τζιβάνα\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"roach\"], \"word\": \"roach\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "roach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "roach/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"en:Cockroaches\", \"en:Headwear\", \"en:Leuciscine fish\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"roach-backed\"}], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_text\": \"Apparently from extended or figurative use of roach (“Cyprinidae”), above. Compare the adjective roached (“styled so that the mane stands up from the neck”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"roaches\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"roach (plural roaches)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"en:Nautical\"], \"glosses\": [\"Sail material that forms a concave curve rather than straight leech (aft edge) of a sail to increase the sail area over that of a simple triangular sail.\"], \"links\": [[\"nautical\", \"nautical\"], [\"leech\", \"leech#Etymology_4\"], [\"sail\", \"sail\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(nautical) Sail material that forms a concave curve rather than straight leech (aft edge) of a sail to increase the sail area over that of a simple triangular sail.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:curve\"], \"topics\": [\"nautical\", \"transport\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A haircut or a similar-looking kind of headdress worn by some of the indigenous peoples of North America, often red.\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ɹəʊtʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-au-roach.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-əʊtʃ\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"nautical: curve in the aft edge of a sail\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"allunamento\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"roach\"], \"word\": \"roach\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "roach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "roach/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"en:Cockroaches\", \"en:Headwear\", \"en:Leuciscine fish\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"roached\"}], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_text\": \"Apparently from extended or figurative use of roach (“Cyprinidae”), above. Compare the adjective roached (“styled so that the mane stands up from the neck”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"roaches\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"roaching\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"roached\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"roached\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"roach (third-person singular simple present roaches, present participle roaching, simple past and past participle roached)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English transitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To cut or shave off the mane of a horse so that the remaining hair stands up on the neck.\"], \"links\": [[\"cut\", \"cut\"], [\"shave\", \"shave\"], [\"mane\", \"mane\"], [\"horse\", \"horse\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To cut or shave off the mane of a horse so that the remaining hair stands up on the neck.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English transitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To cut a person's hair so that it stands straight up.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, by extension) To cut a person's hair so that it stands straight up.\"], \"tags\": [\"broadly\", \"transitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ɹəʊtʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-au-roach.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-əʊtʃ\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"roach\"], \"word\": \"roach\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "roach",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "roach/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊtʃ/1 syllable\", \"en:Cockroaches\", \"en:Headwear\", \"en:Leuciscine fish\"], \"etymology_number\": 4, \"etymology_text\": \"Variant of roche (“rock”). Attested since the seventeenth century.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"roaches\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"roach (plural roaches)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Mining\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1749, Rog. Mostyn, “Mineralogy”, in Philosophical Transactions and Collections to the End of the Year, volume II, London: Royal Society, →OCLC, page 379:\", \"text\": \"After long Working of this Coal, it was found upon the rising Grounds, that there lay another Roach of Coal, at the Depth of 14 Yards under it\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A bed or stratum of some mineral.\"], \"links\": [[\"mining\", \"mining#Noun\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(UK, obsolete, mining) A bed or stratum of some mineral.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:stratum\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"obsolete\"], \"topics\": [\"business\", \"mining\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"Regional English\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1841, C.H. Smith, “Lithology; or Observations on Stone for Building”, in The Surveyor, Engineer, and Architect, →OCLC, page 13:\", \"text\": \"The roach, both of the top and bottom beds, is always imperceptibly incorporated with the freestone, which is invariable situated beneath it.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Gritty or coarse rock; especially Portland stone or similar limestone.\"], \"links\": [[\"regional\", \"regional#English\"], [\"Portland stone\", \"Portland stone\"], [\"limestone\", \"limestone\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(UK, regional) Gritty or coarse rock; especially Portland stone or similar limestone.\"], \"tags\": [\"UK\", \"regional\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ɹəʊtʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ɹoʊt͡ʃ/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-au-roach.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg/En-au-roach.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/En-au-roach.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-əʊtʃ\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"roach\"], \"word\": \"roach\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "roach",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.