See pullus on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pullus"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin pullus",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin pullus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pulli",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pulli"
},
"expansion": "pullus (plural pulli)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Baby animals",
"orig": "en:Baby animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Birds",
"orig": "en:Birds",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ornithology",
"orig": "en:Ornithology",
"parents": [
"Zoology",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 40 14 1 1 3 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 37 20 1 1 3 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A chick; a young bird in the downy stage."
],
"id": "en-pullus-en-noun-SgMGa0-Q",
"links": [
[
"ornithology",
"ornithology"
],
[
"chick",
"chick"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"downy",
"downy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ornithology) A chick; a young bird in the downy stage."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"ornithology"
]
}
],
"word": "pullus"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "pullus"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin pullus",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pul"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of pul",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin pullus. Doublet of pul.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pulli",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "pulli",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "pullus m (plural pulli)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch nouns with Latin plurals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Ornithology",
"orig": "nl:Ornithology",
"parents": [
"Zoology",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 40 14 1 1 3 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 37 20 1 1 3 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a pullus; the young chick of a bird"
],
"id": "en-pullus-nl-noun-xHMAvJlm",
"links": [
[
"ornithology",
"ornithology"
],
[
"pullus",
"pullus#English"
],
[
"chick",
"chick"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ornithology) a pullus; the young chick of a bird"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kuiken"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"ornithology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-pullus.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Nl-pullus.ogg/Nl-pullus.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Nl-pullus.ogg"
}
],
"word": "pullus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pullārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pullastra"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pullicēnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "*pulliō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pullō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pullulus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "pulj",
"3": "pulju",
"4": "puljiu"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: pulj, pulju, puljiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: pulj, pulju, puljiu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "puľ"
},
"expansion": "Istro-Romanian: puľ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istro-Romanian: puľ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "puľu"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: puľu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Megleno-Romanian: puľu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pui"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: pui",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: pui"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pollo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pollo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pollo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pollu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: pollu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: pollu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Marchigiano: puju"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "pói"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: pói",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: pói"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "pôl"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: pôl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: pôl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pol",
"3": "pul",
"4": "poul"
},
"expansion": "Old French: pol, pul, poul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: pol, pul, poul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pulle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: pulle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: pulle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "pollo"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: pollo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: pollo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ribagorçan: poll, pol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "poll"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: poll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: poll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lan",
"2": "pol"
},
"expansion": "Languedocien: pol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Languedocien: pol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "pollu",
"3": "pullu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: pollu, pullu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: pollu, pullu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "polo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: polo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: polo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "polo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: polo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: polo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pollo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: pollo\n→ Portuguese: polho",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: pollo\n→ Portuguese: polho"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "pudhu",
"3": "puddu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: pudhu, puddu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: pudhu, puddu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "puḍḍu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: puḍḍu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: puḍḍu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "pullanus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Late Latin: pullanus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Late Latin: pullanus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro"
},
"expansion": "Old French:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "poulenet",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle French: poulenet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle French: poulenet"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "powny",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Scots: powny\n→ English: pony (see there for further descendants)\n→ Scottish Gaelic: pònaidh",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→? Scots: powny\n→ English: pony (see there for further descendants)\n→ Scottish Gaelic: pònaidh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "pulla",
"der": "1",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: pulla f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: pulla f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "pulã"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: pulã",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: pulã"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pulă"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: pulă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: pulă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "pula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Umbro: pulla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "pola",
"3": "póia"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: pola, póia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: pola, póia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "pula"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: pula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: pula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "pola"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: pola",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: pola"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "poule"
},
"expansion": "Old French: poule\nFrench: poule\n→ English: poule\n⇒ Old French: polaille, poulaille\nFrench: poulaille\n→ Middle English: pullayle\nNorman: poule\nWalloon: poye",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: poule\nFrench: poule\n→ English: poule\n⇒ Old French: polaille, poulaille\nFrench: poulaille\n→ Middle English: pullayle\nNorman: poule\nWalloon: poye"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "polla"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: polla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: polla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pola"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: pola",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: pola"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "pora"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: pora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: pora, potha"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lan",
"2": "polha"
},
"expansion": "Languedocien: polha",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "meridional"
},
"expansion": "(meridional)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Languedocien: polha (meridional)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "polla"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: polla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: polla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "pudha",
"3": "pudda"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: pudha, pudda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: pudha, pudda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "puḍḍa",
"3": "pulla"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: puḍḍa, pulla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: puḍḍa, pulla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pulë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: pulë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: pulë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "pullāmen",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: pullāmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: pullāmen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pollame"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pollame",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pollame"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "polain"
},
"expansion": "Old French: polain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: polain"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "pulein"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman: pulein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Anglo-Norman: pulein"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "poulain"
},
"expansion": "French: poulain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: poulain"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "poulain"
},
"expansion": "Norman: poulain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: poulain"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Pulliam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Pulliam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Pulliam"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "puḍḍami"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: puḍḍami",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: puḍḍami"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "poleyn",
"bor": "1",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: poleyn\nEnglish: pullen (obsolete)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: poleyn\nEnglish: pullen (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "pullaster",
"3": "pullastrum",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: pullaster, pullastrum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: pullaster, pullastrum (cf. pullastra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Italian: pollastro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Laziale: pellàstre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "pulàstar"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: pulàstar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: pulàstar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "polàstro"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: polàstro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: polàstro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "polàster"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: polàster",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: polàster"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "polastr",
"3": "polast"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: polastr, polast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: polastr, polast"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "polàstro"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: polàstro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: polàstro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "puḍḍastru",
"3": "puḍḍastra"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: puḍḍastru, puḍḍastra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: puḍḍastru, puḍḍastra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pollastre"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: pollastre\n→ Spanish: pollastre",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: pollastre\n→ Spanish: pollastre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "polastre",
"t": "big chicken"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: polastre (“big chicken”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: polastre (“big chicken”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pulletrus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pulletrus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pulletrus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "pulér",
"3": "pulédar",
"4": "puliér"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: pulér, pulédar, puliér",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: pulér, pulédar, puliér"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "polêo",
"3": "poliêro"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: polêo, poliêro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: polêo, poliêro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "poléder"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: poléder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: poléder"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "polé"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: polé",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: polé"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "pulédar",
"3": "puledre"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: pulédar, puledre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: pulédar, puledre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "puledro"
},
"expansion": "Italian: puledro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: puledro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "pulletro",
"3": "pullitro"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: pulletro, pullitro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: pulletro, pullitro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tuscan: puledro, pullero"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pulleus",
"der": "1",
"pos": "attributive"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pulleus (attributive)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pulleus (attributive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "puljiu",
"3": "pulj"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: puljiu, pulj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: puljiu, pulj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pui"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: pui\n→? Hungarian: pulya",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: pui\n→? Hungarian: pulya"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*pulliana",
"der": "1",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pulliana f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pulliana f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "poiana"
},
"expansion": "Italian: poiana",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: poiana"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "pullīnus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: pullīnus\nPadanian:\nPiedmontese: poin, pojin\nSouthern Gallo-Romance:\nCatalan: pollí\nOccitan: polin\nGascon: porin\nIbero-Romance:\nAsturian: pollín",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: pullīnus\nPadanian:\nPiedmontese: poin, pojin\nSouthern Gallo-Romance:\nCatalan: pollí\nOccitan: polin\nGascon: porin\nIbero-Romance:\nAsturian: pollín"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pullittus",
"der": "1",
"pos": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pullittus (diminutive)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pullittus (diminutive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "poulet"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: poulet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: poulet"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "polèt"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: polèt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: polèt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "poulet"
},
"expansion": "Old French: poulet",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: poulet (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pollet"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: pollet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: pollet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "polet"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: polet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: polet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "poret"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: poret",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: poret"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pūllicella",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Vulgar Latin: *pūllicella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Vulgar Latin: *pūllicella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pulcella",
"3": "pulcele"
},
"expansion": "Old French: pulcella, pulcele",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pucele",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "pucele\nMiddle French: pucelle\nFrench: pucelle\n→ English: pucelle\n→ Italian: pulzella\n→ Yiddish: פּילצל (piltsl)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: pulcella, pulcele, pucele\nMiddle French: pucelle\nFrench: pucelle\n→ English: pucelle\n→ Italian: pulzella\n→ Yiddish: פּילצל (piltsl)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"alt": "*pulliter",
"alt2": "*pullitrum",
"alt3": "*pullitrus",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Vulgar Latin: *pulliter, *pullitrum, *pullitrus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Vulgar Latin: *pulliter, *pullitrum, *pullitrus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "poltro"
},
"expansion": "Italian: poltro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: poltro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "potro"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: potro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: potro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "potru",
"3": "podru"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: potru, podru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: potru, podru"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "potro"
},
"expansion": "Galician: potro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: potro"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "potro"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: potro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: potro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "",
"alt": "*poldro"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: *poldro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: *poldro"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "poldro"
},
"expansion": "Galician: poldro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: poldro"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "poldro"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: poldro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: poldro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "poltre",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Catalan: poltre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Catalan: poltre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "putru",
"3": "puḍḍitru"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: putru, puḍḍitru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: putru, puḍḍitru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pulitrella",
"der": "1",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pulitrella f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pulitrella f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pultrella",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pultrella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pultrella"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*poutrelle"
},
"expansion": "Old French: *poutrelle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: *poutrelle"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "poutre",
"der": "1",
"qq": "apocope",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Old French: poutre (apocope)\nFrench: poutre",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Old French: poutre (apocope)\nFrench: poutre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pullere",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Vulgar Latin: *pullere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Vulgar Latin: *pullere"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "espolletar"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: espolletar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: espolletar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "poleç"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: poleç",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: poleç"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "polhe"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: polhe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: polhe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "pulschain"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: pulschain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: pulschain"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via some Berber language"
},
"expansion": "(via some Berber language)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: (via some Berber language)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ayl",
"2": "فِلُّوس",
"tr": "fillūs"
},
"expansion": "Libyan Arabic: فِلُّوس (fillūs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Libyan Arabic: فِلُّوس (fillūs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "fellus"
},
"expansion": "Maltese: fellus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maltese: fellus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ary",
"2": "فلوس",
"tr": "fallūs"
},
"expansion": "Moroccan Arabic: فلوس (fallūs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Moroccan Arabic: فلوس (fallūs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aeb",
"2": "فلوس",
"tr": "fellūs"
},
"expansion": "Tunisian Arabic: فلوس (fellūs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tunisian Arabic: فلوس (fellūs)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gkm",
"2": "-ποῦλος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Byzantine Greek: -ποῦλος (-poûlos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Byzantine Greek: -ποῦλος (-poûlos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "-πουλος",
"3": "-όπουλος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: -πουλος (-poulos), -όπουλος (-ópoulos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: -πουλος (-poulos), -όπουλος (-ópoulos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shi",
"2": "afullus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tashelhit: afullus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tashelhit: afullus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ποῦλλος",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Ancient Greek: ποῦλλος (poûllos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Ancient Greek: ποῦλλος (poûllos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc-koi",
"2": "πουλλίον",
"der": "1",
"pos": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Koine Greek: πουλλίον (poullíon, diminutive)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Koine Greek: πουλλίον (poullíon, diminutive)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gkm",
"2": "πουλλίν"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek: πουλλίν (poullín)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Byzantine Greek: πουλλίν (poullín)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "πουλί"
},
"expansion": "Greek: πουλί (poulí)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: πουλί (poulí)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "Pöll",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Central Franconian: Pöll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Central Franconian: Pöll"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Pëll",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Luxembourgish: Pëll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Luxembourgish: Pëll"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pulle",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Dutch: pulle",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pul",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "pul\nBerbice Creole Dutch: polo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→? Dutch: pulle, pul\nBerbice Creole Dutch: polo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unc",
"id": "young animal"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Disputed"
},
"expansion": "Disputed",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*polnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *polnos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*polH-on-",
"5": "offspring, (animal) young"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *polH-on- (“offspring, (animal) young”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πῶλος",
"3": "",
"4": "foal; young girl"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos, “foal; young girl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fulô",
"3": "",
"4": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fulô (“foal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pjellë",
"3": "",
"4": "child"
},
"expansion": "Albanian pjellë (“child”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ուլ",
"3": "",
"4": "kid, fawn"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ուլ (ul, “kid, fawn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pjell",
"3": "",
"4": "to beget"
},
"expansion": "Albanian pjell (“to beget”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pelh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*put-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *put-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "putus",
"3": "",
"4": "boy"
},
"expansion": "Latin putus (“boy”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*putrás",
"3": "",
"4": "boy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás (“boy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पोत",
"3": "",
"4": "young animal"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पोत (pota, “young animal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dra"
},
"expansion": "Dravidian",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "putýtis",
"3": "",
"4": "young bird, young animal"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian putýtis (“young bird, young animal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*putslos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *putslos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "paulus"
},
"expansion": "Latin paulus",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fēaw",
"3": "",
"4": "little, few"
},
"expansion": "Old English fēaw (“little, few”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "pulla"
},
"expansion": "Swedish pulla",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Disputed; two etymologies are plausible:\n* From Proto-Italic *polnos, from Proto-Indo-European *polH-on- (“offspring, (animal) young”); compare Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos, “foal; young girl”), Proto-Germanic *fulô (“foal”), Albanian pjellë (“child”) and pelë (“mare”), Old Armenian ուլ (ul, “kid, fawn”). The verbal root is likely found in Albanian pjell (“to beget”), which implies a connection to pellō (“to drive, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- with a semantic shift of “to push (out)” > “to beget”, if not a distinct root *pelH- (“to give birth”).\n* From Proto-Indo-European *put-, also found in Latin putus (“boy”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás (“boy”) and perhaps Sanskrit पोत (pota, “young animal”) (which would indicate *pewt-, though more likely borrowed from Dravidian) and Lithuanian putýtis (“young bird, young animal”). De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *putslos, which he considers a variant of *putlos (“boy”). The presence of an earlier apical consonant in the stem in Latin is evidenced by the -s- in the diminutive adjective pusillus. Some authors connect these to the root *peh₂w- (“small”) (compare Latin paulus, paullus (“small”) and paucus (“little, few”), Old English fēaw (“little, few”)), but the morphology is unclear and the complete disappearance of the laryngeal is hard to explain.\nAlternatively onomatopoeic, like Swedish pulla.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pullī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pullus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pullus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pullus m (genitive pullī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pullus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 37 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 5 12 12 23 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "la:Colors",
"parents": [
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a young animal",
"chick, chicken"
],
"id": "en-pullus-la-noun-la:animal",
"links": [
[
"young",
"young"
],
[
"chick",
"chick"
],
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:animal"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 37 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 5 12 12 23 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "la:Colors",
"parents": [
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a young animal",
"foal"
],
"id": "en-pullus-la-noun-la:animal1",
"links": [
[
"young",
"young"
],
[
"foal",
"foal"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:animal"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 37 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 5 12 12 23 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "la:Colors",
"parents": [
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darling"
],
"id": "en-pullus-la-noun-la:darling",
"links": [
[
"darling",
"darling"
]
],
"qualifier": "term of endearment",
"raw_glosses": [
"(term of endearment) darling"
],
"senseid": [
"la:darling"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpul.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊlːʲʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpul.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpulːus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "pullus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pullātus"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pelH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*polHwós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *polHwós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "debated"
},
"expansion": "debated",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *polHwós (maybe a weak form of *pélHus) or *polHnós, from the root *pelH- (“pale, gray”), thereby related to palleō, though the formal details are debated.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pulla",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pullus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "pulle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pullus"
},
"expansion": "pullus (feminine pulla, neuter pullum); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pullus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "albus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "candidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "subalbus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "niveus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cēreus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "marmoreus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "eburneus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cānus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "ML.",
"word": "blancus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "glaucus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rāvus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cinereus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cinerāceus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plumbeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "ML. or NL.",
"word": "grīseus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "niger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "āter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "piceus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "furvus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ruber"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rūbidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rūfus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rubicundus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "russus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rubrīcus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pūniceus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "murrinus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mulleus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cocceus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "coccīnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "badius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rutilus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "armeniacus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "aurantius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "aurantiacus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fuscus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "suffuscus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "colōrius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cervīnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "spādīx"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "castaneus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "aquilus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fulvus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "ML.",
"word": "brunneus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "flāvus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sufflāvus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "flāvidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lūteus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gilvus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "helvus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "croceus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pallidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "ML.",
"word": "blondinus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "galbus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "galbinus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lūridus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "viridis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "prasinus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cȳaneus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "caeruleus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "ML.",
"word": "azurīnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "caesius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "LL.",
"word": "blāvus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "līvidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "venetus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "violāceus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ianthinus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "NL.",
"word": "balaustīnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ostrīnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "amethystīnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "purpureus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ātropurpureus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "roseus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rosāceus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 40 14 1 1 3 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 37 20 1 1 3 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 6 3 8 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 8 4 26 15 8",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Baby animals",
"orig": "la:Baby animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 5 12 12 23 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "la:Colors",
"parents": [
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark-colored, dark gray; dusky"
],
"id": "en-pullus-la-adj-la:dark",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"gray",
"gray"
],
[
"dusky",
"dusky"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:dark"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"of the common people, (especially of speach) vulgar"
],
"id": "en-pullus-la-adj-SCWf2Uir",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"of the common people, (especially of speach) vulgar"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 5 12 12 23 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "la:Colors",
"parents": [
"Light",
"Vision",
"Energy",
"Senses",
"Nature",
"Perception",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sad, mournful"
],
"id": "en-pullus-la-adj-PeLBVm47",
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"mournful",
"mournful"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"(in poetry) sad, mournful"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in poetry"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpul.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊlːʲʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpul.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpulːus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pullus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Baby animals",
"la:Colors"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "pullus"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin pullus",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pul"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of pul",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin pullus. Doublet of pul.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pulli",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "pulli",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "pullus m (plural pulli)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch doublets",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with Latin plurals",
"Dutch terms borrowed from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch unadapted borrowings from Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"nl:Ornithology"
],
"glosses": [
"a pullus; the young chick of a bird"
],
"links": [
[
"ornithology",
"ornithology"
],
[
"pullus",
"pullus#English"
],
[
"chick",
"chick"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ornithology) a pullus; the young chick of a bird"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kuiken"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"ornithology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-pullus.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Nl-pullus.ogg/Nl-pullus.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Nl-pullus.ogg"
}
],
"word": "pullus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Baby animals",
"la:Colors"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pullus"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin pullus",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin pullus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pulli",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pulli"
},
"expansion": "pullus (plural pulli)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English unadapted borrowings from Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in English entries",
"en:Baby animals",
"en:Birds",
"en:Ornithology"
],
"glosses": [
"A chick; a young bird in the downy stage."
],
"links": [
[
"ornithology",
"ornithology"
],
[
"chick",
"chick"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"downy",
"downy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ornithology) A chick; a young bird in the downy stage."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"ornithology"
]
}
],
"word": "pullus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin onomatopoeias",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pelH-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Baby animals",
"la:Colors"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pullārius"
},
{
"word": "pullastra"
},
{
"word": "pullicēnus"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "*pulliō"
},
{
"word": "pullō"
},
{
"word": "pullulus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "pulj",
"3": "pulju",
"4": "puljiu"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: pulj, pulju, puljiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: pulj, pulju, puljiu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "puľ"
},
"expansion": "Istro-Romanian: puľ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istro-Romanian: puľ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "puľu"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: puľu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Megleno-Romanian: puľu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pui"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: pui",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: pui"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pollo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pollo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pollo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pollu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: pollu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: pollu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Marchigiano: puju"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "pói"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: pói",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: pói"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "pôl"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: pôl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: pôl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pol",
"3": "pul",
"4": "poul"
},
"expansion": "Old French: pol, pul, poul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: pol, pul, poul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pulle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: pulle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: pulle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "pollo"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: pollo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: pollo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ribagorçan: poll, pol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "poll"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: poll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: poll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lan",
"2": "pol"
},
"expansion": "Languedocien: pol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Languedocien: pol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "pollu",
"3": "pullu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: pollu, pullu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: pollu, pullu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "polo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: polo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: polo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "polo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: polo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: polo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pollo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: pollo\n→ Portuguese: polho",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: pollo\n→ Portuguese: polho"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "pudhu",
"3": "puddu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: pudhu, puddu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: pudhu, puddu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "puḍḍu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: puḍḍu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: puḍḍu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "pullanus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Late Latin: pullanus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Late Latin: pullanus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro"
},
"expansion": "Old French:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "poulenet",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle French: poulenet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle French: poulenet"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "powny",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Scots: powny\n→ English: pony (see there for further descendants)\n→ Scottish Gaelic: pònaidh",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→? Scots: powny\n→ English: pony (see there for further descendants)\n→ Scottish Gaelic: pònaidh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "pulla",
"der": "1",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: pulla f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: pulla f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "pulã"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: pulã",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: pulã"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pulă"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: pulă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: pulă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "pula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Umbro: pulla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "pola",
"3": "póia"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: pola, póia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: pola, póia"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "pula"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: pula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: pula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "pola"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: pola",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: pola"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "poule"
},
"expansion": "Old French: poule\nFrench: poule\n→ English: poule\n⇒ Old French: polaille, poulaille\nFrench: poulaille\n→ Middle English: pullayle\nNorman: poule\nWalloon: poye",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: poule\nFrench: poule\n→ English: poule\n⇒ Old French: polaille, poulaille\nFrench: poulaille\n→ Middle English: pullayle\nNorman: poule\nWalloon: poye"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "polla"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: polla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: polla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pola"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: pola",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: pola"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "pora"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: pora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: pora, potha"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lan",
"2": "polha"
},
"expansion": "Languedocien: polha",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "meridional"
},
"expansion": "(meridional)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Languedocien: polha (meridional)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "polla"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: polla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: polla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "pudha",
"3": "pudda"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: pudha, pudda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: pudha, pudda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "puḍḍa",
"3": "pulla"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: puḍḍa, pulla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: puḍḍa, pulla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pulë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: pulë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: pulë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "pullāmen",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: pullāmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: pullāmen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pollame"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pollame",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pollame"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "polain"
},
"expansion": "Old French: polain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: polain"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "pulein"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman: pulein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Anglo-Norman: pulein"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "poulain"
},
"expansion": "French: poulain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: poulain"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "poulain"
},
"expansion": "Norman: poulain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: poulain"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Pulliam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Pulliam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Pulliam"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "puḍḍami"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: puḍḍami",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: puḍḍami"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "poleyn",
"bor": "1",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: poleyn\nEnglish: pullen (obsolete)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: poleyn\nEnglish: pullen (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "pullaster",
"3": "pullastrum",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: pullaster, pullastrum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: pullaster, pullastrum (cf. pullastra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Italian: pollastro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Laziale: pellàstre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "pulàstar"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: pulàstar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: pulàstar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "polàstro"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: polàstro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: polàstro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "polàster"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: polàster",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: polàster"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "polastr",
"3": "polast"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: polastr, polast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: polastr, polast"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "polàstro"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: polàstro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: polàstro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "puḍḍastru",
"3": "puḍḍastra"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: puḍḍastru, puḍḍastra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: puḍḍastru, puḍḍastra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pollastre"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: pollastre\n→ Spanish: pollastre",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: pollastre\n→ Spanish: pollastre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "polastre",
"t": "big chicken"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: polastre (“big chicken”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: polastre (“big chicken”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pulletrus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pulletrus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pulletrus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "pulér",
"3": "pulédar",
"4": "puliér"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: pulér, pulédar, puliér",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: pulér, pulédar, puliér"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "polêo",
"3": "poliêro"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: polêo, poliêro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: polêo, poliêro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "poléder"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: poléder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: poléder"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "polé"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: polé",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: polé"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "pulédar",
"3": "puledre"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: pulédar, puledre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: pulédar, puledre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "puledro"
},
"expansion": "Italian: puledro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: puledro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "pulletro",
"3": "pullitro"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: pulletro, pullitro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: pulletro, pullitro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tuscan: puledro, pullero"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pulleus",
"der": "1",
"pos": "attributive"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pulleus (attributive)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pulleus (attributive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "puljiu",
"3": "pulj"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: puljiu, pulj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: puljiu, pulj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pui"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: pui\n→? Hungarian: pulya",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: pui\n→? Hungarian: pulya"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*pulliana",
"der": "1",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pulliana f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pulliana f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "poiana"
},
"expansion": "Italian: poiana",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: poiana"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "pullīnus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: pullīnus\nPadanian:\nPiedmontese: poin, pojin\nSouthern Gallo-Romance:\nCatalan: pollí\nOccitan: polin\nGascon: porin\nIbero-Romance:\nAsturian: pollín",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: pullīnus\nPadanian:\nPiedmontese: poin, pojin\nSouthern Gallo-Romance:\nCatalan: pollí\nOccitan: polin\nGascon: porin\nIbero-Romance:\nAsturian: pollín"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pullittus",
"der": "1",
"pos": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pullittus (diminutive)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pullittus (diminutive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "poulet"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: poulet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: poulet"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "polèt"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: polèt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: polèt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "poulet"
},
"expansion": "Old French: poulet",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: poulet (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pollet"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: pollet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: pollet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "polet"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: polet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: polet"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "poret"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: poret",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: poret"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pūllicella",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Vulgar Latin: *pūllicella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Vulgar Latin: *pūllicella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pulcella",
"3": "pulcele"
},
"expansion": "Old French: pulcella, pulcele",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pucele",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "pucele\nMiddle French: pucelle\nFrench: pucelle\n→ English: pucelle\n→ Italian: pulzella\n→ Yiddish: פּילצל (piltsl)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: pulcella, pulcele, pucele\nMiddle French: pucelle\nFrench: pucelle\n→ English: pucelle\n→ Italian: pulzella\n→ Yiddish: פּילצל (piltsl)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"alt": "*pulliter",
"alt2": "*pullitrum",
"alt3": "*pullitrus",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Vulgar Latin: *pulliter, *pullitrum, *pullitrus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Vulgar Latin: *pulliter, *pullitrum, *pullitrus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "poltro"
},
"expansion": "Italian: poltro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: poltro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "potro"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: potro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: potro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "potru",
"3": "podru"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: potru, podru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: potru, podru"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "potro"
},
"expansion": "Galician: potro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: potro"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "potro"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: potro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: potro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "",
"alt": "*poldro"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: *poldro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: *poldro"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "poldro"
},
"expansion": "Galician: poldro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: poldro"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "poldro"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: poldro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: poldro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "poltre",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Catalan: poltre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Catalan: poltre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "putru",
"3": "puḍḍitru"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: putru, puḍḍitru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: putru, puḍḍitru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pulitrella",
"der": "1",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pulitrella f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pulitrella f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pultrella",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pultrella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pultrella"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*poutrelle"
},
"expansion": "Old French: *poutrelle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: *poutrelle"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "poutre",
"der": "1",
"qq": "apocope",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Old French: poutre (apocope)\nFrench: poutre",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Old French: poutre (apocope)\nFrench: poutre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pullere",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Vulgar Latin: *pullere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Vulgar Latin: *pullere"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "espolletar"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: espolletar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: espolletar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "poleç"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: poleç",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: poleç"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "polhe"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: polhe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: polhe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "pulschain"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: pulschain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: pulschain"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via some Berber language"
},
"expansion": "(via some Berber language)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: (via some Berber language)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ayl",
"2": "فِلُّوس",
"tr": "fillūs"
},
"expansion": "Libyan Arabic: فِلُّوس (fillūs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Libyan Arabic: فِلُّوس (fillūs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "fellus"
},
"expansion": "Maltese: fellus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maltese: fellus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ary",
"2": "فلوس",
"tr": "fallūs"
},
"expansion": "Moroccan Arabic: فلوس (fallūs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Moroccan Arabic: فلوس (fallūs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aeb",
"2": "فلوس",
"tr": "fellūs"
},
"expansion": "Tunisian Arabic: فلوس (fellūs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tunisian Arabic: فلوس (fellūs)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gkm",
"2": "-ποῦλος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Byzantine Greek: -ποῦλος (-poûlos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Byzantine Greek: -ποῦλος (-poûlos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "-πουλος",
"3": "-όπουλος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: -πουλος (-poulos), -όπουλος (-ópoulos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: -πουλος (-poulos), -όπουλος (-ópoulos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shi",
"2": "afullus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tashelhit: afullus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tashelhit: afullus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ποῦλλος",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Ancient Greek: ποῦλλος (poûllos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Ancient Greek: ποῦλλος (poûllos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc-koi",
"2": "πουλλίον",
"der": "1",
"pos": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Koine Greek: πουλλίον (poullíon, diminutive)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Koine Greek: πουλλίον (poullíon, diminutive)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gkm",
"2": "πουλλίν"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek: πουλλίν (poullín)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Byzantine Greek: πουλλίν (poullín)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "πουλί"
},
"expansion": "Greek: πουλί (poulí)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: πουλί (poulí)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "Pöll",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Central Franconian: Pöll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Central Franconian: Pöll"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Pëll",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Luxembourgish: Pëll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Luxembourgish: Pëll"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pulle",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Dutch: pulle",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pul",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "pul\nBerbice Creole Dutch: polo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→? Dutch: pulle, pul\nBerbice Creole Dutch: polo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unc",
"id": "young animal"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Disputed"
},
"expansion": "Disputed",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*polnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *polnos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*polH-on-",
"5": "offspring, (animal) young"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *polH-on- (“offspring, (animal) young”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πῶλος",
"3": "",
"4": "foal; young girl"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos, “foal; young girl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fulô",
"3": "",
"4": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fulô (“foal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pjellë",
"3": "",
"4": "child"
},
"expansion": "Albanian pjellë (“child”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ուլ",
"3": "",
"4": "kid, fawn"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ուլ (ul, “kid, fawn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pjell",
"3": "",
"4": "to beget"
},
"expansion": "Albanian pjell (“to beget”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pelh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*put-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *put-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "putus",
"3": "",
"4": "boy"
},
"expansion": "Latin putus (“boy”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*putrás",
"3": "",
"4": "boy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás (“boy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पोत",
"3": "",
"4": "young animal"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पोत (pota, “young animal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dra"
},
"expansion": "Dravidian",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "putýtis",
"3": "",
"4": "young bird, young animal"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian putýtis (“young bird, young animal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*putslos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *putslos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "paulus"
},
"expansion": "Latin paulus",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fēaw",
"3": "",
"4": "little, few"
},
"expansion": "Old English fēaw (“little, few”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "pulla"
},
"expansion": "Swedish pulla",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Disputed; two etymologies are plausible:\n* From Proto-Italic *polnos, from Proto-Indo-European *polH-on- (“offspring, (animal) young”); compare Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos, “foal; young girl”), Proto-Germanic *fulô (“foal”), Albanian pjellë (“child”) and pelë (“mare”), Old Armenian ուլ (ul, “kid, fawn”). The verbal root is likely found in Albanian pjell (“to beget”), which implies a connection to pellō (“to drive, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- with a semantic shift of “to push (out)” > “to beget”, if not a distinct root *pelH- (“to give birth”).\n* From Proto-Indo-European *put-, also found in Latin putus (“boy”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás (“boy”) and perhaps Sanskrit पोत (pota, “young animal”) (which would indicate *pewt-, though more likely borrowed from Dravidian) and Lithuanian putýtis (“young bird, young animal”). De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *putslos, which he considers a variant of *putlos (“boy”). The presence of an earlier apical consonant in the stem in Latin is evidenced by the -s- in the diminutive adjective pusillus. Some authors connect these to the root *peh₂w- (“small”) (compare Latin paulus, paullus (“small”) and paucus (“little, few”), Old English fēaw (“little, few”)), but the morphology is unclear and the complete disappearance of the laryngeal is hard to explain.\nAlternatively onomatopoeic, like Swedish pulla.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pullī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pullus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pullus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pullus m (genitive pullī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pullus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a young animal",
"chick, chicken"
],
"links": [
[
"young",
"young"
],
[
"chick",
"chick"
],
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:animal"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a young animal",
"foal"
],
"links": [
[
"young",
"young"
],
[
"foal",
"foal"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:animal"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"darling"
],
"links": [
[
"darling",
"darling"
]
],
"qualifier": "term of endearment",
"raw_glosses": [
"(term of endearment) darling"
],
"senseid": [
"la:darling"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpul.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊlːʲʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpul.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpulːus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "pullus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pelH-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Baby animals",
"la:Colors"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pullātus"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pelH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*polHwós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *polHwós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "debated"
},
"expansion": "debated",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *polHwós (maybe a weak form of *pélHus) or *polHnós, from the root *pelH- (“pale, gray”), thereby related to palleō, though the formal details are debated.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pulla",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pullus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "pulle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pullus"
},
"expansion": "pullus (feminine pulla, neuter pullum); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pullus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "albus"
},
{
"word": "candidus"
},
{
"word": "subalbus"
},
{
"word": "niveus"
},
{
"word": "cēreus"
},
{
"word": "marmoreus"
},
{
"word": "eburneus"
},
{
"word": "cānus"
},
{
"english": "ML.",
"word": "blancus"
},
{
"word": "glaucus"
},
{
"word": "rāvus"
},
{
"word": "cinereus"
},
{
"word": "cinerāceus"
},
{
"word": "plumbeus"
},
{
"english": "ML. or NL.",
"word": "grīseus"
},
{
"word": "niger"
},
{
"word": "āter"
},
{
"word": "piceus"
},
{
"word": "furvus"
},
{
"word": "ruber"
},
{
"word": "rūbidus"
},
{
"word": "rūfus"
},
{
"word": "rubicundus"
},
{
"word": "russus"
},
{
"word": "rubrīcus"
},
{
"word": "pūniceus"
},
{
"word": "murrinus"
},
{
"word": "mulleus"
},
{
"word": "cocceus"
},
{
"word": "coccīnus"
},
{
"word": "badius"
},
{
"word": "rutilus"
},
{
"word": "armeniacus"
},
{
"word": "aurantius"
},
{
"word": "aurantiacus"
},
{
"word": "fuscus"
},
{
"word": "suffuscus"
},
{
"word": "colōrius"
},
{
"word": "cervīnus"
},
{
"word": "spādīx"
},
{
"word": "castaneus"
},
{
"word": "aquilus"
},
{
"word": "fulvus"
},
{
"english": "ML.",
"word": "brunneus"
},
{
"word": "flāvus"
},
{
"word": "sufflāvus"
},
{
"word": "flāvidus"
},
{
"word": "lūteus"
},
{
"word": "gilvus"
},
{
"word": "helvus"
},
{
"word": "croceus"
},
{
"word": "pallidus"
},
{
"english": "ML.",
"word": "blondinus"
},
{
"word": "galbus"
},
{
"word": "galbinus"
},
{
"word": "lūridus"
},
{
"word": "viridis"
},
{
"word": "prasinus"
},
{
"word": "cȳaneus"
},
{
"word": "caeruleus"
},
{
"english": "ML.",
"word": "azurīnus"
},
{
"word": "caesius"
},
{
"roman": "LL.",
"word": "blāvus"
},
{
"word": "līvidus"
},
{
"word": "venetus"
},
{
"word": "violāceus"
},
{
"word": "ianthinus"
},
{
"roman": "NL.",
"word": "balaustīnus"
},
{
"word": "ostrīnus"
},
{
"word": "amethystīnus"
},
{
"word": "purpureus"
},
{
"word": "ātropurpureus"
},
{
"word": "roseus"
},
{
"word": "rosāceus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dark-colored, dark gray; dusky"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"gray",
"gray"
],
[
"dusky",
"dusky"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:dark"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"of the common people, (especially of speach) vulgar"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"of the common people, (especially of speach) vulgar"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"sad, mournful"
],
"links": [
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"mournful",
"mournful"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense):",
"(in poetry) sad, mournful"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in poetry"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpul.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊlːʲʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpul.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpulːus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pullus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pullus meaning in All languages combined (40.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.