See pullulate on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pullulation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂w-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pullulātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin pullulātus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin pullulātus, perfect passive participle of pullulō (“sprout forth”), from pullulus (“a young animal, a sprout”), diminutive of pullus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pullulates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pullulating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pullulated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pullulated",
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"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pullulate (third-person singular simple present pullulates, present participle pullulating, simple past and past participle pullulated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pullet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "poultry"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "repullulate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 40 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 37 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 36 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To multiply rapidly."
],
"id": "en-pullulate-en-verb-dzRza-~C",
"links": [
[
"multiply",
"multiply"
],
[
"rapid",
"rapid"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gǎmža",
"sense": "to multiply rapidly",
"word": "гъмжа"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razmnožavam se",
"sense": "to multiply rapidly",
"word": "размножавам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to multiply rapidly",
"word": "mnożyć się"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to multiply rapidly",
"word": "plenić się"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razmnožatʹsja",
"sense": "to multiply rapidly",
"word": "размножаться"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 40 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 37 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 36 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To germinate."
],
"id": "en-pullulate-en-verb-O4BUyWxD",
"links": [
[
"germinate",
"germinate"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pokarvam",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "покарвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ponikvam",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "пониквам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "kiemen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "zich ontwikkelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "keimen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "sprießen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "kiełkować"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "zakiełkować"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prorastatʹ",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "прорастать"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 40 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 37 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 36 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1945, Evelyn Waugh, chapter 1, in Brideshead Revisited […], 3rd edition, London: Chapman & Hall, →OCLC, book 1 (Et in Arcadia Ego), page 22:",
"text": "I must say the whole of Oxford has become most peculiar suddenly. Last night it was pullulating with women.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To teem; to be filled (with)."
],
"id": "en-pullulate-en-verb-uzne-Ser",
"links": [
[
"teem",
"teem"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gǎmža",
"sense": "to teem; to be filled (with)",
"word": "гъмжа"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to teem; to be filled (with)",
"word": "krioelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kišetʹ",
"sense": "to teem; to be filled (with)",
"word": "кишеть"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌl.jʊ.leɪt/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-pullulate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/En-us-pullulate.ogg/En-us-pullulate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/En-us-pullulate.ogg"
}
],
"word": "pullulate"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pullulate",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 11 51 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 65 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 19 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pullulare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pullulare:",
"second-person plural present indicative"
],
"id": "en-pullulate-it-verb-y-AYYmI9",
"links": [
[
"pullulare",
"pullulare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pullulare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pullulare:",
"second-person plural imperative"
],
"id": "en-pullulate-it-verb-rPcGhZVw",
"links": [
[
"pullulare",
"pullulare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "pullulate"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "past participle form",
"g": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "pullulate f pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pullulato"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine plural of pullulato"
],
"id": "en-pullulate-it-verb--dd3IuGU",
"links": [
[
"pullulato",
"pullulato#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"participle",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "pullulate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "pullulāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "pullulāte"
},
"expansion": "pullulāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pullulō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of pullulō"
],
"id": "en-pullulate-la-verb-Eo9xWHcC",
"links": [
[
"pullulō",
"pullulo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "pullulate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂w-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pullulation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂w-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pullulātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin pullulātus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin pullulātus, perfect passive participle of pullulō (“sprout forth”), from pullulus (“a young animal, a sprout”), diminutive of pullus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pullulates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pullulating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pullulated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pullulated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pullulate (third-person singular simple present pullulates, present participle pullulating, simple past and past participle pullulated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "pullet"
},
{
"word": "poultry"
},
{
"word": "repullulate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To multiply rapidly."
],
"links": [
[
"multiply",
"multiply"
],
[
"rapid",
"rapid"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To germinate."
],
"links": [
[
"germinate",
"germinate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1945, Evelyn Waugh, chapter 1, in Brideshead Revisited […], 3rd edition, London: Chapman & Hall, →OCLC, book 1 (Et in Arcadia Ego), page 22:",
"text": "I must say the whole of Oxford has become most peculiar suddenly. Last night it was pullulating with women.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To teem; to be filled (with)."
],
"links": [
[
"teem",
"teem"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌl.jʊ.leɪt/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-pullulate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/En-us-pullulate.ogg/En-us-pullulate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/En-us-pullulate.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gǎmža",
"sense": "to multiply rapidly",
"word": "гъмжа"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razmnožavam se",
"sense": "to multiply rapidly",
"word": "размножавам се"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to multiply rapidly",
"word": "mnożyć się"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to multiply rapidly",
"word": "plenić się"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razmnožatʹsja",
"sense": "to multiply rapidly",
"word": "размножаться"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pokarvam",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "покарвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ponikvam",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "пониквам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "kiemen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "zich ontwikkelen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "keimen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "sprießen"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "kiełkować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "zakiełkować"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prorastatʹ",
"sense": "to germinate",
"word": "прорастать"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gǎmža",
"sense": "to teem; to be filled (with)",
"word": "гъмжа"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to teem; to be filled (with)",
"word": "krioelen"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kišetʹ",
"sense": "to teem; to be filled (with)",
"word": "кишеть"
}
],
"word": "pullulate"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian past participle forms",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pullulate",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pullulare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pullulare:",
"second-person plural present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"pullulare",
"pullulare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pullulare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pullulare:",
"second-person plural imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"pullulare",
"pullulare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "pullulate"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian past participle forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "past participle form",
"g": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "pullulate f pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pullulato"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine plural of pullulato"
],
"links": [
[
"pullulato",
"pullulato#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"participle",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "pullulate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "pullulāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "pullulāte"
},
"expansion": "pullulāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pullulō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of pullulō"
],
"links": [
[
"pullulō",
"pullulo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "pullulate"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pullulate meaning in All languages combined (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.