See pullus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pullārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pullastra"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pullicēnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pullīnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "*pulliō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pullō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pullulus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Late Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pullanus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pulë"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"f"
],
"word": "pulla"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "pullen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "poleyn"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pullāmen"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pullaster"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pullastrum"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pullastra"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*pulletrus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "puljiu"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "pulj"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "pulya"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "pui"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*pulleus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "poiana"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"f"
],
"word": "*pulliana"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pullīnus"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*pullittus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "pulcella"
},
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "pulcele"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "pucelle"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "pucelle"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pucelle"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pulzella"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "piltsl",
"word": "פּילצל"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "pucele"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*pūllicella"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "poltre"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "poutre"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain",
"apocope"
],
"word": "poutre"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "*poutrelle"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*pultrella"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"f"
],
"word": "*pulitrella"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*pulliter"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "poltre"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "poutre"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain",
"apocope"
],
"word": "poutre"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "*poutrelle"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*pultrella"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"f"
],
"word": "*pulitrella"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*pullitrum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "poltre"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "poutre"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain",
"apocope"
],
"word": "poutre"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "*poutrelle"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*pultrella"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"f"
],
"word": "*pulitrella"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*pullitrus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "espolletar"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*pullere"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "poleç"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "polhe"
},
{
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "pulschain"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-poulos",
"word": "-πουλος"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-ópoulos",
"word": "-όπουλος"
}
],
"lang": "Byzantine Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-poûlos",
"word": "-ποῦλος"
},
{
"lang": "Tashelhit",
"lang_code": "shi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "afullus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "poulí",
"word": "πουλί"
}
],
"lang": "Byzantine Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "poullín",
"word": "πουλλίν"
}
],
"lang": "Koine Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "poullíon",
"word": "πουλλίον"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "poûllos",
"word": "ποῦλλος"
},
{
"lang": "Central Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "Pöll"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "Pëll"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "pulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "polo"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "pul"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"id": "young animal"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Disputed"
},
"expansion": "Disputed",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*polnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *polnos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*polH-on-",
"5": "offspring, (animal) young"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *polH-on- (“offspring, (animal) young”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πῶλος",
"3": "",
"4": "foal; young girl"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos, “foal; young girl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fulô",
"3": "",
"4": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fulô (“foal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pjellë",
"3": "",
"4": "child"
},
"expansion": "Albanian pjellë (“child”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ուլ",
"3": "",
"4": "kid, fawn"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ուլ (ul, “kid, fawn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pjell",
"3": "",
"4": "to beget"
},
"expansion": "Albanian pjell (“to beget”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pelh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*put-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *put-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "putus",
"3": "",
"4": "boy"
},
"expansion": "Latin putus (“boy”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*putrás",
"3": "",
"4": "boy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás (“boy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पोत",
"3": "",
"4": "young animal"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पोत (pota, “young animal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dra"
},
"expansion": "Dravidian",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "putýtis",
"3": "",
"4": "young bird, young animal"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian putýtis (“young bird, young animal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*putslos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *putslos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "paulus"
},
"expansion": "Latin paulus",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fēaw",
"3": "",
"4": "little, few"
},
"expansion": "Old English fēaw (“little, few”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "pulla"
},
"expansion": "Swedish pulla",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Disputed; two etymologies are plausible:\n* From Proto-Italic *polnos, from Proto-Indo-European *polH-on- (“offspring, (animal) young”); compare Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos, “foal; young girl”), Proto-Germanic *fulô (“foal”), Albanian pjellë (“child”) and pelë (“mare”), Old Armenian ուլ (ul, “kid, fawn”). The verbal root is likely found in Albanian pjell (“to beget”), which implies a connection to pellō (“to drive, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- with a semantic shift of “to push (out)” > “to beget”, if not a distinct root *pelH- (“to give birth”).\n* From Proto-Indo-European *put-, also found in Latin putus (“boy”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás (“boy”) and perhaps Sanskrit पोत (pota, “young animal”) (which would indicate *pewt-, though more likely borrowed from Dravidian) and Lithuanian putýtis (“young bird, young animal”). De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *putslos, which he considers a variant of *putlos (“boy”). The presence of an earlier apical consonant in the stem in Latin is evidenced by the -s- in the diminutive adjective pusillus. Some authors connect these to the root *peh₂w- (“small”) (compare Latin paulus, paullus (“small”) and paucus (“little, few”), Old English fēaw (“little, few”)), but the morphology is unclear and the complete disappearance of the laryngeal is hard to explain.\nAlternatively onomatopoeic, like Swedish pulla.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pullī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pullus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pullus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pullus m (genitive pullī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pullus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 19 3 12 9 7 23 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 25 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 11 3 25 21 3 13 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Baby animals",
"orig": "la:Baby animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Agricultural Topics III.XV.1–2",
"text": "Facere iis [gliribus] cavos oportet laxiores, ubi pullos parere possint; aquam esse tenuem, quod ea non utuntur multum et aridum locum quaerunt.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 35 BCE, Horace, Satires (book 2) III.307–317",
"roman": "quantane?",
"text": "[…] absentis ranae pullis vituli pede pressis\nunus ubi effugit, matri denarrat, ut ingens\nbelua cognatos eliserit: illa rogare,",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"any young animal, young"
],
"id": "en-pullus-la-noun-la:animal",
"links": [
[
"young",
"young"
],
[
"young",
"young#Noun"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:animal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fētus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 25 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 11 3 25 21 3 13 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Baby animals",
"orig": "la:Baby animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 35 BCE, Horace, Satires (book 1) III.90–95",
"roman": "prodiderit conmissa fide sponsumve negarit?",
"text": "Conminxit lectum potus mensave catillum\nEvandri manibus tritum deiecit: ob hanc rem,\naut positum ante mea quia pullum in parte catini\nsustulit esuriens, minus hoc iucundus amicus\nsit mihi? quid faciam, si furtum fecerit aut si",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a chick, chicken or any young fowl"
],
"id": "en-pullus-la-noun-LWpZTgif",
"links": [
[
"chick",
"chick"
],
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
],
[
"fowl",
"fowl"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(especially):",
"a chick, chicken or any young fowl"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"especially",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 25 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 15 17 7 7 25 5 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "la:Colors",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 16 6 6 37 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Horses",
"orig": "la:Horses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: equus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a foal"
],
"id": "en-pullus-la-noun-vlEMTRE4",
"links": [
[
"foal",
"foal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(especially):",
"a foal"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"especially",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Horticulture",
"orig": "la:Horticulture",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 19 3 12 9 7 23 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 25 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 7 40 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 11 3 25 21 3 13 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Baby animals",
"orig": "la:Baby animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De Agri Cultura 51",
"text": "Propagatio pomorum, aliarum arborum. Ab arbore abs terra pulli qui nascentur, eos in terram deprimito extollitoque primorem partem, uti radicem capiat; […]",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a shoot, a young plant"
],
"id": "en-pullus-la-noun-XU8CH7Sy",
"links": [
[
"transferred senses",
"transferred sense#English"
],
[
"horticulture",
"horticulture"
],
[
"shoot",
"shoot#Noun"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred senses",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred senses):",
"(horticulture) a shoot, a young plant"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pampinus"
},
{
"word": "germen"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"horticulture",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 25 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 180 BCE, Plautus, Casina I.1.44–1.52",
"text": "Concludere in fenestram firmiter,\nVnde auscultare possis, quom ego illam ausculer.\nQuom mihi illa dicet: mi animule, mi Olympio,\nMea vita, mea mellilla, mea festivitas:\nSine tuos ocellos deosculer, voluptas mea,\nSine, amabo, ted amari, meus festus dies,\nMeus pullus passer, mea columba, mi lepus: […]",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "121 CE, Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars Vita Gai 13",
"text": "Itaque ut a Miseno movit quamvis lugentis habitu et funus Tiberi prosequens, tamen inter altaria et victimas ardentisque taedas densissimo et laetissimo obviorum agmine incessit, super fausta nomina \"sidus\" et \"pullum\" et \"pupum\" et \"alumnum\" appellantium; […]",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darling"
],
"id": "en-pullus-la-noun-la:darling",
"links": [
[
"transferred senses",
"transferred sense#English"
],
[
"endearing",
"endearing"
],
[
"darling",
"darling"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred senses",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred senses):",
"(endearing) darling"
],
"senseid": [
"la:darling"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"endearing",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊl.lʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpul.lus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Vladimir Oryol"
],
"word": "pullus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pullātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
],
"word": "pullum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pelH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*polHwós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *polHwós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "debated"
},
"expansion": "debated",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *polHwós (maybe a weak form of *pélHus) or *polHnós, from the root *pelH- (“pale, gray”), thereby related to palleō, though the formal details are debated.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pulla",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pullus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pullus"
},
"expansion": "pullus (feminine pulla, neuter pullum); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pullus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 27 14 9 1 8 5 2 10 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 19 3 12 9 7 23 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 11 3 25 21 3 13 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Baby animals",
"orig": "la:Baby animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 15 17 7 7 25 5 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "la:Colors",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Agricultural Topics III.XII.5",
"text": "Quorum [leporum] ergo tria genera fere sunt: unum Italicum hoc nostrum pedibus primis humilibus, posterioribus altis, superiore parte pulla, ventre albo, auribus longis.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics III.384–390",
"roman": "nascentum, plenoque alium circumspice campo.",
"text": "Si tibi lanitium curae, primum aspera silva\nlappaeque tribolique absint; fuge pabula laeta;\ncontinuoque greges villis lege mollibus albos.\nIllum autem, quamvis aries sit candidus ipse,\nnigra subest udo tantum cui lingua palato,\nreice, ne maculis infuscet vellera pullis",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 11.610–612",
"roman": "quo cubat ipse deus membris languore solutis.",
"text": "[…] : at medio torus est ebeno sublimis in antro,\nplumeus, atricolor, pullo velamine tectus,",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 30 BCE, Horace, Epodes XVI.41–48",
"roman": "levis crepante lympha desilit pede.",
"text": "Nos manet Oceanus circum vagus: arva beata\npetamus, arva divites et insulas,\nreddit ubi cererem tellus inarata quotannis\net inputata floret usque vinea,\ngerminat et numquam fallentis termes olivae\nsuamque pulla ficus ornat arborem,\nmella cava manant ex ilice, montibus altis",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark-colored, dark-gray, dusky"
],
"id": "en-pullus-la-adj-la:dark",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"gray",
"gray"
],
[
"dusky",
"dusky"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:dark"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 19 3 12 9 7 23 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 11 3 25 21 3 13 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Baby animals",
"orig": "la:Baby animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 15 17 7 7 25 5 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "la:Colors",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "toga/vestis/tunica pulla: any rough and cheap dark-gray garb usually worn by the poor, not suited for special or meaningful events"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem II.IV.54",
"text": "Tum illa, ex patellis et turibulis quae evellerat, ita scite in aureis poculis inligabat, ita apte in scaphiis aureis includebat, ut ea ad illam rem nata esse diceres; ipse tamen praetor, qui sua vigilantia pacem in Sicilia dicit fuisse, in hac officina maiorem partem diei cum tunica pulla sedere solebat et pallio.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "56 BCE, Cicero, In Vatinium XII–XIII",
"text": "Atque etiam illud scire ex te cupio, quo consilio aut qua mente feceris ut in epulo Q. Arri, familiaris mei, cum toga pulla accumberes? quem umquam videris, quem audieris? quo exemplo, quo more feceris? […] Sed omitto epulum populi Romani, festum diem argento, veste, omni apparatu ornatuque visendo: quis umquam in luctu domestico, quis in funere familiari cenavit cum toga pulla? cui de balineis exeunti praeter te toga pulla umquam data est? Cum tot hominum milia accumberent, cum ipse epuli dominus, Q. Arrius, albatus esset, tu in templum Castoris te cum C. Fibulo atrato ceterisque tuis furiis funestum intulisti. Quis tum non ingemuit, quis non doluit rei publicae casum?",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "4th century, Jerome, Letters 3.Ad Nepotianum Phesbyterum.9",
"text": "Vestes pullas aeque devita, ut candidas. Ornatus ut sordes pari modo fugiendae sunt, quia alterum delicias, alterum gloriam redolet.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 416/417 CE, Paulus Orosius, Historiae adversum paganos Caput XVIII. 6.434–435",
"text": "Lepidus tandem intelligens, quo vanitas sua tenderet, deposito paludamento, assumptaque veste pulla, supplex Cæsari factus vitam et bona impetravit, perpetuo quidem emendatus exsilio.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"associated with the common people and by extension, with humbleness (of rank or intent), stinginess or mourning"
],
"id": "en-pullus-la-adj-qgQPBQGr",
"links": [
[
"transferred senses",
"transferred sense#English"
],
[
"humbleness",
"humbleness"
],
[
"stinginess",
"stinginess"
],
[
"mourning",
"mourning"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred senses",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred senses):",
"(of clothing) associated with the common people and by extension, with humbleness (of rank or intent), stinginess or mourning"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of clothing"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 15 17 7 7 25 5 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "la:Colors",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "9 CE, Ovid, The Ibis 241–244",
"roman": "‘fata canet vates qui tua,’ dixit, ‘erit.’",
"text": "[…] : at Clotho iussit promissa valere,\nnevit et infesta stamina pulla manu,\net, ne longa suo praesagia diceret ore,",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "86 CE – 103 CE, Martial, Epigrammata VI.LVIII",
"roman": "Et referes pili praemia clarus eques.",
"text": "Si mihi lanificae ducunt non pulla sorores\nStamina nec surdos vox habet ista deos,\nSospite me sospes Latias reveheris ad urbes",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bringing sorrow, sorrowful, mournful"
],
"id": "en-pullus-la-adj-Zmx0D-8T",
"links": [
[
"transferred senses",
"transferred sense#English"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"sorrowful",
"sorrowful"
],
[
"mournful",
"mournful"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred senses",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred senses):",
"(poetic, of the threads of the Fates) bringing sorrow, sorrowful, mournful"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of the threads of the Fates"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊl.lʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpul.lus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pullus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin onomatopoeias",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pelH-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Baby animals",
"la:Colors",
"la:Horses"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pullārius"
},
{
"word": "pullastra"
},
{
"word": "pullicēnus"
},
{
"word": "pullīnus"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "*pulliō"
},
{
"word": "pullō"
},
{
"word": "pullulus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Late Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pullanus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pulë"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"f"
],
"word": "pulla"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "pullen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "poleyn"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pullāmen"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pullaster"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pullastrum"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pullastra"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*pulletrus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "puljiu"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "pulj"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "pulya"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "pui"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*pulleus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "poiana"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"f"
],
"word": "*pulliana"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pullīnus"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*pullittus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "pulcella"
},
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "pulcele"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "pucelle"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "pucelle"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pucelle"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pulzella"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "piltsl",
"word": "פּילצל"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "pucele"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*pūllicella"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "poltre"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "poutre"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain",
"apocope"
],
"word": "poutre"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "*poutrelle"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*pultrella"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"f"
],
"word": "*pulitrella"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*pulliter"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "poltre"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "poutre"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain",
"apocope"
],
"word": "poutre"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "*poutrelle"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*pultrella"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"f"
],
"word": "*pulitrella"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*pullitrum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "poltre"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "poutre"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain",
"apocope"
],
"word": "poutre"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "*poutrelle"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*pultrella"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"f"
],
"word": "*pulitrella"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*pullitrus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "espolletar"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*pullere"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "poleç"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "polhe"
},
{
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "pulschain"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-poulos",
"word": "-πουλος"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-ópoulos",
"word": "-όπουλος"
}
],
"lang": "Byzantine Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-poûlos",
"word": "-ποῦλος"
},
{
"lang": "Tashelhit",
"lang_code": "shi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "afullus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "poulí",
"word": "πουλί"
}
],
"lang": "Byzantine Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "poullín",
"word": "πουλλίν"
}
],
"lang": "Koine Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "poullíon",
"word": "πουλλίον"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "poûllos",
"word": "ποῦλλος"
},
{
"lang": "Central Franconian",
"lang_code": "gmw-cfr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "Pöll"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "Pëll"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "pulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "brc",
"word": "polo"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "pul"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"id": "young animal"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Disputed"
},
"expansion": "Disputed",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*polnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *polnos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*polH-on-",
"5": "offspring, (animal) young"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *polH-on- (“offspring, (animal) young”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πῶλος",
"3": "",
"4": "foal; young girl"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos, “foal; young girl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fulô",
"3": "",
"4": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fulô (“foal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pjellë",
"3": "",
"4": "child"
},
"expansion": "Albanian pjellë (“child”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ուլ",
"3": "",
"4": "kid, fawn"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ուլ (ul, “kid, fawn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pjell",
"3": "",
"4": "to beget"
},
"expansion": "Albanian pjell (“to beget”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pelh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*put-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *put-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "putus",
"3": "",
"4": "boy"
},
"expansion": "Latin putus (“boy”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*putrás",
"3": "",
"4": "boy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás (“boy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पोत",
"3": "",
"4": "young animal"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पोत (pota, “young animal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dra"
},
"expansion": "Dravidian",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "putýtis",
"3": "",
"4": "young bird, young animal"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian putýtis (“young bird, young animal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*putslos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *putslos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "paulus"
},
"expansion": "Latin paulus",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fēaw",
"3": "",
"4": "little, few"
},
"expansion": "Old English fēaw (“little, few”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "pulla"
},
"expansion": "Swedish pulla",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Disputed; two etymologies are plausible:\n* From Proto-Italic *polnos, from Proto-Indo-European *polH-on- (“offspring, (animal) young”); compare Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos, “foal; young girl”), Proto-Germanic *fulô (“foal”), Albanian pjellë (“child”) and pelë (“mare”), Old Armenian ուլ (ul, “kid, fawn”). The verbal root is likely found in Albanian pjell (“to beget”), which implies a connection to pellō (“to drive, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- with a semantic shift of “to push (out)” > “to beget”, if not a distinct root *pelH- (“to give birth”).\n* From Proto-Indo-European *put-, also found in Latin putus (“boy”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás (“boy”) and perhaps Sanskrit पोत (pota, “young animal”) (which would indicate *pewt-, though more likely borrowed from Dravidian) and Lithuanian putýtis (“young bird, young animal”). De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *putslos, which he considers a variant of *putlos (“boy”). The presence of an earlier apical consonant in the stem in Latin is evidenced by the -s- in the diminutive adjective pusillus. Some authors connect these to the root *peh₂w- (“small”) (compare Latin paulus, paullus (“small”) and paucus (“little, few”), Old English fēaw (“little, few”)), but the morphology is unclear and the complete disappearance of the laryngeal is hard to explain.\nAlternatively onomatopoeic, like Swedish pulla.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pullī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pullus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pullus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pullus m (genitive pullī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pullus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Agricultural Topics III.XV.1–2",
"text": "Facere iis [gliribus] cavos oportet laxiores, ubi pullos parere possint; aquam esse tenuem, quod ea non utuntur multum et aridum locum quaerunt.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 35 BCE, Horace, Satires (book 2) III.307–317",
"roman": "quantane?",
"text": "[…] absentis ranae pullis vituli pede pressis\nunus ubi effugit, matri denarrat, ut ingens\nbelua cognatos eliserit: illa rogare,",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"any young animal, young"
],
"links": [
[
"young",
"young"
],
[
"young",
"young#Noun"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:animal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fētus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 35 BCE, Horace, Satires (book 1) III.90–95",
"roman": "prodiderit conmissa fide sponsumve negarit?",
"text": "Conminxit lectum potus mensave catillum\nEvandri manibus tritum deiecit: ob hanc rem,\naut positum ante mea quia pullum in parte catini\nsustulit esuriens, minus hoc iucundus amicus\nsit mihi? quid faciam, si furtum fecerit aut si",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a chick, chicken or any young fowl"
],
"links": [
[
"chick",
"chick"
],
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
],
[
"fowl",
"fowl"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(especially):",
"a chick, chicken or any young fowl"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"especially",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: equus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a foal"
],
"links": [
[
"foal",
"foal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(especially):",
"a foal"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"especially",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations",
"la:Horticulture"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De Agri Cultura 51",
"text": "Propagatio pomorum, aliarum arborum. Ab arbore abs terra pulli qui nascentur, eos in terram deprimito extollitoque primorem partem, uti radicem capiat; […]",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a shoot, a young plant"
],
"links": [
[
"transferred senses",
"transferred sense#English"
],
[
"horticulture",
"horticulture"
],
[
"shoot",
"shoot#Noun"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred senses",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred senses):",
"(horticulture) a shoot, a young plant"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pampinus"
},
{
"word": "germen"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"horticulture",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin endearing terms",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 180 BCE, Plautus, Casina I.1.44–1.52",
"text": "Concludere in fenestram firmiter,\nVnde auscultare possis, quom ego illam ausculer.\nQuom mihi illa dicet: mi animule, mi Olympio,\nMea vita, mea mellilla, mea festivitas:\nSine tuos ocellos deosculer, voluptas mea,\nSine, amabo, ted amari, meus festus dies,\nMeus pullus passer, mea columba, mi lepus: […]",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "121 CE, Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars Vita Gai 13",
"text": "Itaque ut a Miseno movit quamvis lugentis habitu et funus Tiberi prosequens, tamen inter altaria et victimas ardentisque taedas densissimo et laetissimo obviorum agmine incessit, super fausta nomina \"sidus\" et \"pullum\" et \"pupum\" et \"alumnum\" appellantium; […]",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darling"
],
"links": [
[
"transferred senses",
"transferred sense#English"
],
[
"endearing",
"endearing"
],
[
"darling",
"darling"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred senses",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred senses):",
"(endearing) darling"
],
"senseid": [
"la:darling"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"endearing",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊl.lʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpul.lus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Vladimir Oryol"
],
"word": "pullus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pelH-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Baby animals",
"la:Colors",
"la:Horses"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pullātus"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
],
"word": "pullum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pelH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*polHwós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *polHwós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "debated"
},
"expansion": "debated",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *polHwós (maybe a weak form of *pélHus) or *polHnós, from the root *pelH- (“pale, gray”), thereby related to palleō, though the formal details are debated.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pulla",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pullus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pullus"
},
"expansion": "pullus (feminine pulla, neuter pullum); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pullus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Agricultural Topics III.XII.5",
"text": "Quorum [leporum] ergo tria genera fere sunt: unum Italicum hoc nostrum pedibus primis humilibus, posterioribus altis, superiore parte pulla, ventre albo, auribus longis.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics III.384–390",
"roman": "nascentum, plenoque alium circumspice campo.",
"text": "Si tibi lanitium curae, primum aspera silva\nlappaeque tribolique absint; fuge pabula laeta;\ncontinuoque greges villis lege mollibus albos.\nIllum autem, quamvis aries sit candidus ipse,\nnigra subest udo tantum cui lingua palato,\nreice, ne maculis infuscet vellera pullis",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 11.610–612",
"roman": "quo cubat ipse deus membris languore solutis.",
"text": "[…] : at medio torus est ebeno sublimis in antro,\nplumeus, atricolor, pullo velamine tectus,",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 30 BCE, Horace, Epodes XVI.41–48",
"roman": "levis crepante lympha desilit pede.",
"text": "Nos manet Oceanus circum vagus: arva beata\npetamus, arva divites et insulas,\nreddit ubi cererem tellus inarata quotannis\net inputata floret usque vinea,\ngerminat et numquam fallentis termes olivae\nsuamque pulla ficus ornat arborem,\nmella cava manant ex ilice, montibus altis",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark-colored, dark-gray, dusky"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"gray",
"gray"
],
[
"dusky",
"dusky"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:dark"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "toga/vestis/tunica pulla: any rough and cheap dark-gray garb usually worn by the poor, not suited for special or meaningful events"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem II.IV.54",
"text": "Tum illa, ex patellis et turibulis quae evellerat, ita scite in aureis poculis inligabat, ita apte in scaphiis aureis includebat, ut ea ad illam rem nata esse diceres; ipse tamen praetor, qui sua vigilantia pacem in Sicilia dicit fuisse, in hac officina maiorem partem diei cum tunica pulla sedere solebat et pallio.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "56 BCE, Cicero, In Vatinium XII–XIII",
"text": "Atque etiam illud scire ex te cupio, quo consilio aut qua mente feceris ut in epulo Q. Arri, familiaris mei, cum toga pulla accumberes? quem umquam videris, quem audieris? quo exemplo, quo more feceris? […] Sed omitto epulum populi Romani, festum diem argento, veste, omni apparatu ornatuque visendo: quis umquam in luctu domestico, quis in funere familiari cenavit cum toga pulla? cui de balineis exeunti praeter te toga pulla umquam data est? Cum tot hominum milia accumberent, cum ipse epuli dominus, Q. Arrius, albatus esset, tu in templum Castoris te cum C. Fibulo atrato ceterisque tuis furiis funestum intulisti. Quis tum non ingemuit, quis non doluit rei publicae casum?",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "4th century, Jerome, Letters 3.Ad Nepotianum Phesbyterum.9",
"text": "Vestes pullas aeque devita, ut candidas. Ornatus ut sordes pari modo fugiendae sunt, quia alterum delicias, alterum gloriam redolet.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 416/417 CE, Paulus Orosius, Historiae adversum paganos Caput XVIII. 6.434–435",
"text": "Lepidus tandem intelligens, quo vanitas sua tenderet, deposito paludamento, assumptaque veste pulla, supplex Cæsari factus vitam et bona impetravit, perpetuo quidem emendatus exsilio.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"associated with the common people and by extension, with humbleness (of rank or intent), stinginess or mourning"
],
"links": [
[
"transferred senses",
"transferred sense#English"
],
[
"humbleness",
"humbleness"
],
[
"stinginess",
"stinginess"
],
[
"mourning",
"mourning"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred senses",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred senses):",
"(of clothing) associated with the common people and by extension, with humbleness (of rank or intent), stinginess or mourning"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of clothing"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin poetic terms",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "9 CE, Ovid, The Ibis 241–244",
"roman": "‘fata canet vates qui tua,’ dixit, ‘erit.’",
"text": "[…] : at Clotho iussit promissa valere,\nnevit et infesta stamina pulla manu,\net, ne longa suo praesagia diceret ore,",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "86 CE – 103 CE, Martial, Epigrammata VI.LVIII",
"roman": "Et referes pili praemia clarus eques.",
"text": "Si mihi lanificae ducunt non pulla sorores\nStamina nec surdos vox habet ista deos,\nSospite me sospes Latias reveheris ad urbes",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bringing sorrow, sorrowful, mournful"
],
"links": [
[
"transferred senses",
"transferred sense#English"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"sorrowful",
"sorrowful"
],
[
"mournful",
"mournful"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred senses",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred senses):",
"(poetic, of the threads of the Fates) bringing sorrow, sorrowful, mournful"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of the threads of the Fates"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊl.lʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpul.lus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pullus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pullus meaning in Latin (29.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (ddb1505 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.