See plage on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "plage"
},
"expansion": "French plage",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "plagia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin plagia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "plaga",
"4": "",
"5": "region",
"id": "region"
},
"expansion": "Latin plaga (“region”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flake"
},
"expansion": "English flake",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "playa"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of playa",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French plage, from Late Latin plagia, from Latin plaga (“region”) (cognate with English flake). Doublet of playa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plages",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "plage (plural plages)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plague"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geography",
"orig": "en:Geography",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1547, Edward Hall, Hall's chronicle, J. Johnson, published 1809, page 252:",
"text": "King Henry and his faction nesteled and strēgthēd him and his alies in the North regions and boreal plage.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act IIII, scene iv:",
"text": "Tam[burlaine]. Kings of Argier, Morocus, and of Feſſe,\nYou that haue martcht with happie Tamburlain,\nAs far as from the frozen place ^([sic – meaning plage]) of heauen,\nUnto the watrie mornings ruddy hower ^([sic – meaning bower]).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1626, [Samuel] Purchas, “Of the New World”, in Purchas His Pilgrimes. […], 5th part, London: […] William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, […], →OCLC, 8th book, page 792:",
"text": "In the Heauens, they supposed a burning Zone; in the Earth, a Plage [translating Latin plaga], plagued with scorching heats.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A region viewed in the context of its climate; a clime or zone."
],
"id": "en-plage-en-noun-4zw7prfu",
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"region",
"region"
],
[
"climate",
"climate"
],
[
"clime",
"clime"
],
[
"zone",
"zone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography, obsolete) A region viewed in the context of its climate; a clime or zone."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "en:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bright region in the chromosphere of the Sun."
],
"id": "en-plage-en-noun-3tFWbwzD",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"chromosphere",
"chromosphere"
],
[
"Sun",
"Sun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) A bright region in the chromosphere of the Sun."
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pleɪd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-plage.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-plage.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-plage.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-plage.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-plage.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪdʒ"
}
],
"word": "plage"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "nds",
"3": "plage"
},
"expansion": "Low German plage",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "la",
"3": "plaga",
"t": "blow, cut, strike"
},
"expansion": "Latin plaga (“blow, cut, strike”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Low German plage, from Latin plaga (“blow, cut, strike”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plagen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plager",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-noun-infl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plage",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plagen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plager",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plagerne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plages",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plagens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plagers",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plagernes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "plager",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{pl-indef-3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "plagen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "plage c (singular definite plagen, plural indefinite plager)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "r"
},
"expansion": "plage c (singular definite plagen, plural indefinite plager)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "r"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "plagernes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "plagers",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-def": "plagens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "plages",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "plagerne",
"pl-def-2": "",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "plager",
"pl-indef-2": "",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "plagen",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "plage"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"nuisance, pest"
],
"id": "en-plage-da-noun-8UhIaV8b",
"links": [
[
"nuisance",
"nuisance"
],
[
"pest",
"pest"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/plaːɡə/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʰlæːjə]"
}
],
"word": "plage"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plageånd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plagsom"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "nds",
"3": "plage"
},
"expansion": "Low German plage",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "la",
"3": "plaga",
"t": "blow, cut, strike"
},
"expansion": "Latin plaga (“blow, cut, strike”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Low German plage, from Latin plaga (“blow, cut, strike”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plag",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "at plage",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "plager",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "plagede",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "har plaget",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "plagede",
"11": "perfect tense",
"12": "har plaget",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "imperative",
"4": "plag",
"5": "infinitive",
"6": "at plage",
"7": "present tense",
"8": "plager",
"9": "past tense",
"f1accel-form": "imp",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "pres",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "past",
"f4request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "past|part",
"f5request": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "plage (imperative plag, infinitive at plage, present tense plager, past tense plagede, perfect tense har plaget)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "plag",
"2": "plage",
"3": "plager",
"4": "plagede",
"5": "har",
"6": "plaget"
},
"expansion": "plage (imperative plag, infinitive at plage, present tense plager, past tense plagede, perfect tense har plaget)",
"name": "da-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bully"
],
"id": "en-plage-da-verb-~5B7MKzf",
"links": [
[
"bully",
"bully"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pester"
],
"id": "en-plage-da-verb-JKTAnQ30",
"links": [
[
"pester",
"pester"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 18 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"worry"
],
"id": "en-plage-da-verb-beL1PgPp",
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/plaːɡə/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʰlæːjə]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pine"
}
],
"word": "plage"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "plage",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 2 35 6 15 1 2 9 2 4 2 6 2 1 2 2 2 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 2 33 7 16 1 2 13 2 3 2 7 2 1 1 2 2 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "plagen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular present subjunctive of plagen"
],
"id": "en-plage-nl-verb-1s84APv1",
"links": [
[
"plagen",
"plagen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated or formal) singular present subjunctive of plagen"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"form-of",
"formal",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"word": "plage"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Canet Plage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plage horaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "volley-ball de plage"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "plazh",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: plazh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: plazh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "փլաժ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: փլաժ (pʻlaž)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: փլաժ (pʻlaž)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gcf",
"2": "plaj",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Antillean Creole: plaj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Antillean Creole: plaj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "пляж",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: пляж (pljaž)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: пляж (pljaž)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "плаж",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: плаж (plaž)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: плаж (plaž)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "pláž",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: pláž",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: pláž"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "plage",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: plage",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: plage"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "πλαζ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: πλαζ (plaz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: πλαζ (plaz)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Plage",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Luxembourgish: Plage",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Luxembourgish: Plage"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "плажа",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: плажа (plaža)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: плажа (plaža)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "plaj"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: plaj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: plaj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پلاژ",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "pelâž"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: پلاژ (pelâž)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: پلاژ (pelâž)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "plaża",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: plaża",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: plaża"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "plajă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: plajă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: plajă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пляж",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: пляж (pljaž)\n→ Armenian: պլյաժ (plyaž)\n→ Avar: пляж (pljaž)\n→ Georgian: პლაჟი (ṗlaži), პლიაჟი (ṗliaži) — nonstandard\n→ Tajik: пляж (plyaž)\n→ Turkmen: plýaž\n→ Uzbek: plyaj",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: пляж (pljaž)\n→ Armenian: պլյաժ (plyaž)\n→ Avar: пляж (pljaž)\n→ Georgian: პლაჟი (ṗlaži), პლიაჟი (ṗliaži) — nonstandard\n→ Tajik: пляж (plyaž)\n→ Turkmen: plýaž\n→ Uzbek: plyaj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "плажа",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: плажа",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: плажа"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "plaža",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: plaža",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: plaža"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "pláž",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: pláž",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: pláž"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "plaža",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovene: plaža",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovene: plaža"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "пляж",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: пляж (pljaž)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: пляж (pljaž)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "פּלאַזשע",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: פּלאַזשע (plazhe)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: פּלאַזשע (plazhe)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "plage"
},
"expansion": "Middle French plage",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "plagia"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin plagia",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "piaggia"
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}
],
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{
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"beach",
"beach"
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"feminine"
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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[
"range",
"range"
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{
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{
"_dis": "52 9 39",
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"plagen",
"plagen#German"
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"tags": [
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{
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"5": "blow, wound"
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],
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}
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"ref": "1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Man of Lawes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:",
"text": "The plages of the North",
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"geography"
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[
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"region"
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[
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"country"
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"natural-sciences"
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{
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"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
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}
],
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{
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"singular"
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},
{
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},
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],
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"plague"
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],
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"masculine"
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[
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[
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},
{
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[
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[
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"worry"
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],
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}
],
"word": "plage"
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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"past"
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},
{
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"past"
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},
{
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"past"
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},
{
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"present"
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],
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[
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[
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[
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"1": "nn",
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],
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"singular"
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},
{
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{
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[
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}
],
"word": "plage"
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"Danish terms derived from Latin",
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{
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],
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"singular"
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},
{
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},
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},
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{
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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"indefinite",
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},
{
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"genitive",
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],
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{
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"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "plagers",
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"gen-sg-def": "plagens",
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"gen-sg-indef": "plages",
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"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "plagerne",
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"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "plager",
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"pl-indef-3": "",
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],
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"nuisance"
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[
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"pest"
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],
"tags": [
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}
],
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"ipa": "/plaːɡə/"
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{
"ipa": "[ˈpʰlæːjə]"
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],
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"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
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"Danish terms derived from Low German",
"Danish verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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"word": "plageånd"
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{
"word": "plagsom"
}
],
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"expansion": "Low German plage",
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{
"args": {
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"3": "plaga",
"t": "blow, cut, strike"
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"expansion": "Latin plaga (“blow, cut, strike”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
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"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "at plage",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
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}
],
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"8": "plager",
"9": "past tense",
"f1accel-form": "imp",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "pres",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "past",
"f4request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "past|part",
"f5request": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "plage (imperative plag, infinitive at plage, present tense plager, past tense plagede, perfect tense har plaget)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "plag",
"2": "plage",
"3": "plager",
"4": "plagede",
"5": "har",
"6": "plaget"
},
"expansion": "plage (imperative plag, infinitive at plage, present tense plager, past tense plagede, perfect tense har plaget)",
"name": "da-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bully"
],
"links": [
[
"bully",
"bully"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pester"
],
"links": [
[
"pester",
"pester"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"worry"
],
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/plaːɡə/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʰlæːjə]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pine"
}
],
"word": "plage"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "plage",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "plagen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular present subjunctive of plagen"
],
"links": [
[
"plagen",
"plagen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated or formal) singular present subjunctive of plagen"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"form-of",
"formal",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"word": "plage"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪdʒ",
"Rhymes:English/eɪdʒ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "plage"
},
"expansion": "French plage",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "plagia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin plagia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "plaga",
"4": "",
"5": "region",
"id": "region"
},
"expansion": "Latin plaga (“region”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "flake"
},
"expansion": "English flake",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "playa"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of playa",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French plage, from Late Latin plagia, from Latin plaga (“region”) (cognate with English flake). Doublet of playa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plages",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "plage (plural plages)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "plague"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Geography"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1547, Edward Hall, Hall's chronicle, J. Johnson, published 1809, page 252:",
"text": "King Henry and his faction nesteled and strēgthēd him and his alies in the North regions and boreal plage.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act IIII, scene iv:",
"text": "Tam[burlaine]. Kings of Argier, Morocus, and of Feſſe,\nYou that haue martcht with happie Tamburlain,\nAs far as from the frozen place ^([sic – meaning plage]) of heauen,\nUnto the watrie mornings ruddy hower ^([sic – meaning bower]).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1626, [Samuel] Purchas, “Of the New World”, in Purchas His Pilgrimes. […], 5th part, London: […] William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, […], →OCLC, 8th book, page 792:",
"text": "In the Heauens, they supposed a burning Zone; in the Earth, a Plage [translating Latin plaga], plagued with scorching heats.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A region viewed in the context of its climate; a clime or zone."
],
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"region",
"region"
],
[
"climate",
"climate"
],
[
"clime",
"clime"
],
[
"zone",
"zone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography, obsolete) A region viewed in the context of its climate; a clime or zone."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"A bright region in the chromosphere of the Sun."
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"chromosphere",
"chromosphere"
],
[
"Sun",
"Sun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) A bright region in the chromosphere of the Sun."
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pleɪd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-plage.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-plage.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-plage.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-plage.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-plage.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪdʒ"
}
],
"word": "plage"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French nouns with irregular gender",
"French terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"French terms derived from Italian",
"French terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:French/aʒ",
"Rhymes:French/aʒ/1 syllable",
"fr:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Canet Plage"
},
{
"word": "plage horaire"
},
{
"word": "volley-ball de plage"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "plazh",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: plazh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: plazh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "փլաժ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: փլաժ (pʻlaž)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: փլաժ (pʻlaž)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gcf",
"2": "plaj",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Antillean Creole: plaj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Antillean Creole: plaj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "пляж",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: пляж (pljaž)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: пляж (pljaž)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "плаж",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: плаж (plaž)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: плаж (plaž)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "pláž",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: pláž",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: pláž"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "plage",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: plage",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: plage"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "πλαζ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: πλαζ (plaz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: πλαζ (plaz)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Plage",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Luxembourgish: Plage",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Luxembourgish: Plage"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "плажа",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: плажа (plaža)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: плажа (plaža)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "plaj"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: plaj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: plaj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پلاژ",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "pelâž"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: پلاژ (pelâž)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: پلاژ (pelâž)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "plaża",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: plaża",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: plaża"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "plajă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: plajă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: plajă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пляж",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: пляж (pljaž)\n→ Armenian: պլյաժ (plyaž)\n→ Avar: пляж (pljaž)\n→ Georgian: პლაჟი (ṗlaži), პლიაჟი (ṗliaži) — nonstandard\n→ Tajik: пляж (plyaž)\n→ Turkmen: plýaž\n→ Uzbek: plyaj",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: пляж (pljaž)\n→ Armenian: պլյաժ (plyaž)\n→ Avar: пляж (pljaž)\n→ Georgian: პლაჟი (ṗlaži), პლიაჟი (ṗliaži) — nonstandard\n→ Tajik: пляж (plyaž)\n→ Turkmen: plýaž\n→ Uzbek: plyaj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "плажа",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: плажа",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: плажа"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "plaža",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: plaža",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: plaža"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "pláž",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: pláž",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: pláž"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "plaža",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovene: plaža",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovene: plaža"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "пляж",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: пляж (pljaž)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: пляж (pljaž)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "פּלאַזשע",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: פּלאַזשע (plazhe)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: פּלאַזשע (plazhe)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "plage"
},
"expansion": "Middle French plage",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "plagia"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin plagia",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "piaggia"
},
"expansion": "Italian piaggia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French plage (ca. 1300), borrowed from Medieval Latin plagia, in part after Italian piaggia (modern spiaggia). See the Latin for further cognates.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plages",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "plage f (plural plages)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beach"
],
"links": [
[
"beach",
"beach"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"fr:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"range"
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"range",
"range"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) range"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/plaʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-plage.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Fr-plage.ogg/Fr-plage.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Fr-plage.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʒ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:plage"
],
"word": "plage"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German non-lemma forms",
"German verb forms",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "plage",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "plagen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of plagen:",
"first-person singular present"
],
"links": [
[
"plagen",
"plagen#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "plagen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of plagen:",
"first/third-person singular subjunctive I"
],
"links": [
[
"plagen",
"plagen#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"singular",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "plagen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of plagen:",
"singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"plagen",
"plagen#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "De-plage.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/De-plage.ogg/De-plage.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/De-plage.ogg"
}
],
"word": "plage"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "plague"
},
"expansion": "English: plague",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: plague"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "plague"
},
"expansion": "Scots: plague",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: plague"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "plaague",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: plaague, plaauge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: plaague, plaauge"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "plage"
},
"expansion": "Old French plage",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "plāga",
"4": "",
"5": "blow, wound"
},
"expansion": "Latin plāga (“blow, wound”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French plage, from Latin plāga (“blow, wound”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plages",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "plage",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "plage (plural plages)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"plague"
],
"links": [
[
"plague",
"plague"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈplaːɡ(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "plaghe"
},
{
"word": "ploge"
},
{
"word": "plaga"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latinate"
],
"word": "plagam"
}
],
"word": "plage"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "plage",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations",
"enm:Geography"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Man of Lawes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:",
"text": "The plages of the North",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a region; country"
],
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"region",
"region"
],
[
"country",
"country"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) a region; country"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "plage"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "la",
"3": "plaga"
},
"expansion": "Latin plaga",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "nds",
"3": "plage"
},
"expansion": "Low German plage",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "plága"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse plága",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin plaga, via Low German plage and Old Norse plága.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plaga",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plagen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plager",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plagene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a plague (especially biblical)"
],
"links": [
[
"plague",
"plague"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an affliction, illness, pain"
],
"links": [
[
"affliction",
"affliction"
],
[
"illness",
"illness"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a bother, nuisance, pest, worry"
],
"links": [
[
"bother",
"bother"
],
[
"nuisance",
"nuisance"
],
[
"pest",
"pest"
],
[
"worry",
"worry"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "plage"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "plága"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse plága",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse plága.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plag",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "plager",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "plages",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "plaga",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "plaget",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "plagde",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "plaga",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "plaget",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "plagd",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "plagende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"10": "plaga",
"11": "or",
"12": "plaget",
"13": "or",
"14": "plagde",
"15": "past participle",
"16": "plaga",
"17": "or",
"18": "plaget",
"19": "or",
"2": "verb",
"20": "plagd",
"21": "present participle",
"22": "plagende",
"3": "imperative",
"4": "plag",
"5": "present tense",
"6": "plager",
"7": "passive",
"8": "plages",
"9": "simple past"
},
"expansion": "plage (imperative plag, present tense plager, passive plages, simple past plaga or plaget or plagde, past participle plaga or plaget or plagd, present participle plagende)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to afflict, bother, pester, plague, torment, trouble"
],
"links": [
[
"afflict",
"afflict"
],
[
"bother",
"bother"
],
[
"pester",
"pester"
],
[
"plague",
"plague"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
]
}
],
"word": "plage"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "la",
"3": "plaga"
},
"expansion": "Latin plaga",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "nds",
"3": "plage"
},
"expansion": "Low German plage",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "plága"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse plága",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin plaga, via Low German plage and Old Norse plága.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plaga",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plager",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plagene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a plague (especially biblical)"
],
"links": [
[
"plague",
"plague"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an affliction, illness, pain"
],
"links": [
[
"affliction",
"affliction"
],
[
"illness",
"illness"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a bother, nuisance, pest, worry"
],
"links": [
[
"bother",
"bother"
],
[
"nuisance",
"nuisance"
],
[
"pest",
"pest"
],
[
"worry",
"worry"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "plage"
}
Download raw JSONL data for plage meaning in All languages combined (23.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.