See lustrum on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for lustrum meaning in All languages combined (19.4kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "122–115",
"short": "yes"
},
"expansion": "c. 122–115",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "B.C.E.",
"name": "B.C.E."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "From the collection of the Louvre in Paris, France.",
"group": "n",
"name": "n1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "refn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewh₃-",
"4": "*lewH-",
"5": "*lewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "lūstrum"
},
"expansion": "Latin lūstrum",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin lūstrum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lustra",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lustra",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "lustrum (plural lustra or lustrums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lus‧trum"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "luster"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lustre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lustral"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lustrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lustration"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lustrical"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "perlustrate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "en:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1746 February 28, “A Treatise on the Roman Senate, in Two Parts. By Conyers Middleton, D.D. Principal Library-keeper of the University of Cambridge. Printed for R. Manby, and H. S. Cox, 1747. Octavo. 169 Pages.”, in The Museum: Or, The Literary and Historical Register, volume II, number XXV, London: Printed for R[obert] Dodsley […], →OCLC, page 409",
"text": "[A]ll theſe Magiſtrates were elected by, and from, the whole promiſcuous Body of the People in their public Aſſemblies; that after the Inſtitution of Cenſors, it was look'd upon as a Matter of Form only, that they should enroll the new Senators at the next general Luſtrum, or Survey of the Commonwealth; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1854, Edward Greswell, “Dissertation X. On the Lustral Cycle of the Romans and on the Initia Censoria”, in Origines Kalendariæ Italicæ, Nundinal Calendars of Ancient Italy, Nundinal Calendar of Romulus, Calendar of Numa Pompilius, Calendar of the Decemvirs, Irregular Roman Calendar, and Julian Correction. Tables of the Roman Calendar, from U.C. 4 of Varro B.C. 750 to U.C. 1108 A.D. 355. … In Four Volumes, volume II, Oxford: At the University Press, →OCLC, chapter I, section II (On the Proper Measure of the Lustral Cycle), page 248",
"text": "The interval of time supposed to have been denoted by the Roman Lustrum has been made the subject of controversy. No one however as far as we know has ever assumed it at less than four years or as more than five; so that the status quæstionis may so far be considered as fixed and agreed upon: and all that we have to do at present is to begin with inquiring whether the Roman Lustrum was more properly a period of five years or one of four.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lustration: a ceremonial purification of the people of Rome performed every five years after the census."
],
"id": "en-lustrum-en-noun-eAjYhf2d",
"links": [
[
"lustration",
"lustration"
],
[
"ceremonial",
"ceremonial"
],
[
"purification",
"purification"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"Rome",
"Rome"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"every",
"every"
],
[
"five",
"five"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"census",
"census"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A lustration: a ceremonial purification of the people of Rome performed every five years after the census."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ceremonial purification of all the people — see also lustration",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lustre"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "ceremonial purification of all the people — see also lustration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lūstrum"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ancient Rome",
"orig": "en:Ancient Rome",
"parents": [
"Ancient Africa",
"Ancient Europe",
"Ancient history",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Italy",
"History of Africa",
"History of Europe",
"History",
"Ancient Asia",
"Italy",
"Africa",
"Europe",
"All topics",
"History of Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Asia",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Five",
"orig": "en:Five",
"parents": [
"Numbers",
"All topics",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Time",
"orig": "en:Time",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1742–1745, [Edward Young], “Night the Second. On Time, Death, Friendship. Humbly Inscrib’d to the Right Honourable the Earl of Wilmington.”, in The Complaint: Or, Night-thoughts on Life, Death, & Immortality, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar […], and R[obert] Dodsley […], published 1750, →OCLC, page 29, lines 172–174",
"text": "We puſh Time from us, and we wiſh Him back; / Laviſh of Luſtrums, and yet fond of Life; / Life we think long, and ſhort; Death ſeek, and ſhun; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1835 April, Edgar Allan Poe, “Morella”, in The Southern Literary Messenger: Devoted to Every Department of Literature, and the Fine Arts, Richmond, Va.: T. W. White, →OCLC; republished in The Works of Edgar Allan Poe: In Four Volumes, volume I, New York, N.Y.: W. J. Widdleton, publisher, 1849, →OCLC, page 473",
"text": "Thus passed away two lustra of her life, and, as yet, my daughter remained nameless upon the earth. \"My child,\" and \"my love,\" were the designations usually prompted by a father's affection, and the rigid seclusion of her days precluded all other intercourse. Morella's name died with her at her death. Of the mother I had never spoken to the daughter;—it was impossible to speak.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1852, Adadus Calpe [pseudonym; Antonio Diodoro de Pascual], chapter XIV, in Henry Edgar, transl., The Two Fathers. An Unpublished Original Spanish Work. … Translated into the English Language by the Author, and Henry Edgar. Part Second: Hector Alone, New York, N.Y.: Stringer & Townsend, publishers, […]; George P[almer] Putnam, […], →OCLC, page 189",
"text": "I am hardly, if I do not deceive myself, twenty years old, and already, dearest Rosamunda, there weigh upon my existence twenty lustrums, and of these twenty lustrums I have drunk the bitterness of intranquility even to the dregs, without having done more than touched with my lips the joy of the first days of my childhood beside you.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1985, John Fowles, A Maggot, London: Jonathan Cape",
"text": "Q. Now, sir, if you would be so kind as to guess upon his age. / A. Forty five years are certain. I would guess a lustrum more.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of quinquennium: Any 5-year period."
],
"id": "en-lustrum-en-noun-EPebdSpB",
"links": [
[
"quinquennium",
"quinquennium#English"
],
[
"Any",
"any"
],
[
"5",
"5"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, literary) Synonym of quinquennium: Any 5-year period."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "Any 5-year period",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "quinquennium"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 63",
"sense": "both senses",
"word": "luster"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlʌstɹəm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lustrum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lustrum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lustrum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lustrum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lustrum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus",
"lustrum"
],
"word": "lustrum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lustrō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "lyshtër",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: lyshtër",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: lyshtër"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "luster",
"t": "den"
},
"expansion": "English: luster (“den”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: luster (“den”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*l(H)u-(s)tro-",
"t": "dirty place"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *l(H)u-(s)tro- (“dirty place”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lew-",
"4": "*le(H)w-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *le(H)w-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lutum",
"t": "mud, dirt, clay"
},
"expansion": "lutum (“mud, dirt, clay”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "*δύστρον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek *δύστρον (*dústron)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δύω",
"3": "",
"4": "to plunge"
},
"expansion": "δύω (dúō, “to plunge”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Per De Vaan (2008), from Proto-Indo-European *l(H)u-(s)tro- (“dirty place”), from Proto-Indo-European *le(H)w- (the same root as lutum (“mud, dirt, clay”)). Valpy (1828) proposed instead a borrowing, with change of *d to /l/, from Ancient Greek *δύστρον (*dústron), from δύω (dúō, “to plunge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lustrī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lustra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lustra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lustra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lustrum<2>"
},
"expansion": "lustrum n (genitive lustrī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lustrum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 31 12 25 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 11 3 37 32",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Five",
"orig": "la:Five",
"parents": [
"Numbers",
"All topics",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 7 6 35 29",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Periodic occurrences",
"orig": "la:Periodic occurrences",
"parents": [
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bog, morass, place where boars and swine wallow"
],
"id": "en-lustrum-la-noun-3majgoaN",
"links": [
[
"bog",
"bog"
],
[
"morass",
"morass"
],
[
"boars",
"boars"
],
[
"swine",
"swine"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "volūtābrum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 31 12 25 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 62 2 19 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Animal dwellings",
"orig": "la:Animal dwellings",
"parents": [
"Buildings and structures",
"Zoology",
"Architecture",
"Biology",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 11 3 37 32",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Five",
"orig": "la:Five",
"parents": [
"Numbers",
"All topics",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"den or lair of wild beasts; wood, forest"
],
"id": "en-lustrum-la-noun-DEJ2KWEi",
"links": [
[
"den",
"den"
],
[
"lair",
"lair"
],
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"beast",
"beast"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"forest",
"forest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) den or lair of wild beasts; wood, forest"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter",
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 31 12 25 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(a place of) debauchery"
],
"id": "en-lustrum-la-noun-cf7YKC15",
"links": [
[
"debauchery",
"debauchery"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) (a place of) debauchery"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter",
"plural-normally"
]
}
],
"word": "lustrum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lūstrālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lūstrō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "lustre",
"3": "llustre"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: lustre, llustre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: lustre, llustre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lustrum"
},
"expansion": "English: lustrum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lustrum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lustro",
"id": "Q513206"
},
"expansion": "Italian: lustro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: lustro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "allustru"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: allustru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: allustru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lustro"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: lustro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: lustro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lustro"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: lustro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: lustro"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-ola",
"3": "*loustrom"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin *loustrom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewkstrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewkstrom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*lewk-",
"3": "",
"4": "to make bright"
},
"expansion": "*lewk- (“to make bright”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lūceō"
},
"expansion": "lūceō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewh₃strom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃strom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*lewh₃-",
"3": "",
"4": "to wash"
},
"expansion": "*lewh₃- (“to wash”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lavō"
},
"expansion": "lavō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewHstrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewHstrom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*lewH-",
"3": "",
"4": "to expiate, set free"
},
"expansion": "*lewH- (“to expiate, set free”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "luō"
},
"expansion": "luō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Latin *loustrom, of uncertain origin, with multiple theories proposed:\n* from Proto-Indo-European *lewkstrom, from *lewk- (“to make bright”) (whence lūceō),\n* or from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃strom, from *lewh₃- (“to wash”) (whence lavō),\n* or from Proto-Indo-European *lewHstrom, from *lewH- (“to expiate, set free”) (whence luō).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lūstrum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lūstrum<2>"
},
"expansion": "lūstrum n (genitive lūstrī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lūstrum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 10 2 51 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 31 12 25 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 11 3 37 32",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Five",
"orig": "la:Five",
"parents": [
"Numbers",
"All topics",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 7 6 35 29",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Periodic occurrences",
"orig": "la:Periodic occurrences",
"parents": [
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a purificatory sacrifice (expiatory offering) or lustration performed every five years by the censor"
],
"id": "en-lustrum-la-noun-la:sacrifice",
"links": [
[
"purificatory",
"purificatory"
],
[
"sacrifice",
"sacrifice"
],
[
"expiatory",
"expiatory"
],
[
"lustration",
"lustration"
],
[
"censor",
"censor"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:sacrifice"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "piāculum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 31 12 25 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 11 3 37 32",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Five",
"orig": "la:Five",
"parents": [
"Numbers",
"All topics",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 7 6 35 29",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Periodic occurrences",
"orig": "la:Periodic occurrences",
"parents": [
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 100",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Time",
"orig": "la:Time",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a period of five years"
],
"id": "en-lustrum-la-noun-4gxab5NH",
"links": [
[
"period",
"period"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"word": "lustrum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewH-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewh₃-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewk-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"en:Ancient Rome",
"en:Five",
"en:Religion",
"en:Time",
"la:Animal dwellings",
"la:Five",
"la:Periodic occurrences",
"la:Time"
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "122–115",
"short": "yes"
},
"expansion": "c. 122–115",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "B.C.E.",
"name": "B.C.E."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "From the collection of the Louvre in Paris, France.",
"group": "n",
"name": "n1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "refn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
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"4": "*lewH-",
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "lūstrum"
},
"expansion": "Latin lūstrum",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin lūstrum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lustra",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lustra",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "lustrum (plural lustra or lustrums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lus‧trum"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "luster"
},
{
"word": "lustre"
},
{
"word": "lustral"
},
{
"word": "lustrate"
},
{
"word": "lustration"
},
{
"word": "lustrical"
},
{
"word": "perlustrate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1746 February 28, “A Treatise on the Roman Senate, in Two Parts. By Conyers Middleton, D.D. Principal Library-keeper of the University of Cambridge. Printed for R. Manby, and H. S. Cox, 1747. Octavo. 169 Pages.”, in The Museum: Or, The Literary and Historical Register, volume II, number XXV, London: Printed for R[obert] Dodsley […], →OCLC, page 409",
"text": "[A]ll theſe Magiſtrates were elected by, and from, the whole promiſcuous Body of the People in their public Aſſemblies; that after the Inſtitution of Cenſors, it was look'd upon as a Matter of Form only, that they should enroll the new Senators at the next general Luſtrum, or Survey of the Commonwealth; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1854, Edward Greswell, “Dissertation X. On the Lustral Cycle of the Romans and on the Initia Censoria”, in Origines Kalendariæ Italicæ, Nundinal Calendars of Ancient Italy, Nundinal Calendar of Romulus, Calendar of Numa Pompilius, Calendar of the Decemvirs, Irregular Roman Calendar, and Julian Correction. Tables of the Roman Calendar, from U.C. 4 of Varro B.C. 750 to U.C. 1108 A.D. 355. … In Four Volumes, volume II, Oxford: At the University Press, →OCLC, chapter I, section II (On the Proper Measure of the Lustral Cycle), page 248",
"text": "The interval of time supposed to have been denoted by the Roman Lustrum has been made the subject of controversy. No one however as far as we know has ever assumed it at less than four years or as more than five; so that the status quæstionis may so far be considered as fixed and agreed upon: and all that we have to do at present is to begin with inquiring whether the Roman Lustrum was more properly a period of five years or one of four.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lustration: a ceremonial purification of the people of Rome performed every five years after the census."
],
"links": [
[
"lustration",
"lustration"
],
[
"ceremonial",
"ceremonial"
],
[
"purification",
"purification"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"Rome",
"Rome"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"every",
"every"
],
[
"five",
"five"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"census",
"census"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A lustration: a ceremonial purification of the people of Rome performed every five years after the census."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English literary terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1742–1745, [Edward Young], “Night the Second. On Time, Death, Friendship. Humbly Inscrib’d to the Right Honourable the Earl of Wilmington.”, in The Complaint: Or, Night-thoughts on Life, Death, & Immortality, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar […], and R[obert] Dodsley […], published 1750, →OCLC, page 29, lines 172–174",
"text": "We puſh Time from us, and we wiſh Him back; / Laviſh of Luſtrums, and yet fond of Life; / Life we think long, and ſhort; Death ſeek, and ſhun; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1835 April, Edgar Allan Poe, “Morella”, in The Southern Literary Messenger: Devoted to Every Department of Literature, and the Fine Arts, Richmond, Va.: T. W. White, →OCLC; republished in The Works of Edgar Allan Poe: In Four Volumes, volume I, New York, N.Y.: W. J. Widdleton, publisher, 1849, →OCLC, page 473",
"text": "Thus passed away two lustra of her life, and, as yet, my daughter remained nameless upon the earth. \"My child,\" and \"my love,\" were the designations usually prompted by a father's affection, and the rigid seclusion of her days precluded all other intercourse. Morella's name died with her at her death. Of the mother I had never spoken to the daughter;—it was impossible to speak.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1852, Adadus Calpe [pseudonym; Antonio Diodoro de Pascual], chapter XIV, in Henry Edgar, transl., The Two Fathers. An Unpublished Original Spanish Work. … Translated into the English Language by the Author, and Henry Edgar. Part Second: Hector Alone, New York, N.Y.: Stringer & Townsend, publishers, […]; George P[almer] Putnam, […], →OCLC, page 189",
"text": "I am hardly, if I do not deceive myself, twenty years old, and already, dearest Rosamunda, there weigh upon my existence twenty lustrums, and of these twenty lustrums I have drunk the bitterness of intranquility even to the dregs, without having done more than touched with my lips the joy of the first days of my childhood beside you.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1985, John Fowles, A Maggot, London: Jonathan Cape",
"text": "Q. Now, sir, if you would be so kind as to guess upon his age. / A. Forty five years are certain. I would guess a lustrum more.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of quinquennium: Any 5-year period."
],
"links": [
[
"quinquennium",
"quinquennium#English"
],
[
"Any",
"any"
],
[
"5",
"5"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, literary) Synonym of quinquennium: Any 5-year period."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "Any 5-year period",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "quinquennium"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlʌstɹəm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lustrum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lustrum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lustrum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lustrum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lustrum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "both senses",
"word": "luster"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ceremonial purification of all the people — see also lustration",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lustre"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "ceremonial purification of all the people — see also lustration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lūstrum"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus",
"lustrum"
],
"word": "lustrum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Old Latin",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewk-",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"la:Animal dwellings",
"la:Five",
"la:Periodic occurrences",
"la:Time"
],
"derived": [
{
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}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "lyshtër",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: lyshtër",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: lyshtër"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "luster",
"t": "den"
},
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"name": "desc"
}
],
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}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*l(H)u-(s)tro-",
"t": "dirty place"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *l(H)u-(s)tro- (“dirty place”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lew-",
"4": "*le(H)w-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *le(H)w-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lutum",
"t": "mud, dirt, clay"
},
"expansion": "lutum (“mud, dirt, clay”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "*δύστρον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek *δύστρον (*dústron)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δύω",
"3": "",
"4": "to plunge"
},
"expansion": "δύω (dúō, “to plunge”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Per De Vaan (2008), from Proto-Indo-European *l(H)u-(s)tro- (“dirty place”), from Proto-Indo-European *le(H)w- (the same root as lutum (“mud, dirt, clay”)). Valpy (1828) proposed instead a borrowing, with change of *d to /l/, from Ancient Greek *δύστρον (*dústron), from δύω (dúō, “to plunge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lustrī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lustra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lustra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lustrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lustra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lustrum<2>"
},
"expansion": "lustrum n (genitive lustrī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lustrum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bog, morass, place where boars and swine wallow"
],
"links": [
[
"bog",
"bog"
],
[
"morass",
"morass"
],
[
"boars",
"boars"
],
[
"swine",
"swine"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "volūtābrum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"den or lair of wild beasts; wood, forest"
],
"links": [
[
"den",
"den"
],
[
"lair",
"lair"
],
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"beast",
"beast"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"forest",
"forest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) den or lair of wild beasts; wood, forest"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter",
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"(a place of) debauchery"
],
"links": [
[
"debauchery",
"debauchery"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) (a place of) debauchery"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter",
"plural-normally"
]
}
],
"word": "lustrum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Old Latin",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewk-",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"la:Animal dwellings",
"la:Five",
"la:Periodic occurrences",
"la:Time"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lūstrālis"
},
{
"word": "lūstrō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "lustre",
"3": "llustre"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: lustre, llustre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: lustre, llustre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lustrum"
},
"expansion": "English: lustrum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lustrum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lustro",
"id": "Q513206"
},
"expansion": "Italian: lustro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: lustro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "allustru"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: allustru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: allustru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lustro"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: lustro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: lustro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lustro"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: lustro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: lustro"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-ola",
"3": "*loustrom"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin *loustrom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewkstrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewkstrom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*lewk-",
"3": "",
"4": "to make bright"
},
"expansion": "*lewk- (“to make bright”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lūceō"
},
"expansion": "lūceō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewh₃strom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃strom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*lewh₃-",
"3": "",
"4": "to wash"
},
"expansion": "*lewh₃- (“to wash”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lavō"
},
"expansion": "lavō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewHstrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewHstrom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*lewH-",
"3": "",
"4": "to expiate, set free"
},
"expansion": "*lewH- (“to expiate, set free”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "luō"
},
"expansion": "luō",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Latin *loustrom, of uncertain origin, with multiple theories proposed:\n* from Proto-Indo-European *lewkstrom, from *lewk- (“to make bright”) (whence lūceō),\n* or from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃strom, from *lewh₃- (“to wash”) (whence lavō),\n* or from Proto-Indo-European *lewHstrom, from *lewH- (“to expiate, set free”) (whence luō).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lūstrum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lūstra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lūstrum<2>"
},
"expansion": "lūstrum n (genitive lūstrī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lūstrum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a purificatory sacrifice (expiatory offering) or lustration performed every five years by the censor"
],
"links": [
[
"purificatory",
"purificatory"
],
[
"sacrifice",
"sacrifice"
],
[
"expiatory",
"expiatory"
],
[
"lustration",
"lustration"
],
[
"censor",
"censor"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:sacrifice"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "piāculum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a period of five years"
],
"links": [
[
"period",
"period"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"word": "lustrum"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.