See kloof on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kloof",
"4": "",
"5": "ravine"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kloof (“ravine”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "clove"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of clove",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch kloof (“ravine”) (South Africa). Doublet of clove.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kloofs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kloof (plural kloofs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "South African English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 2 2 27 28 4 2 2 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 1 33 34 3 1 1 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kloofing"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1901, William Thomas Black, The Fish River bush, South Africa, and its wild animals:",
"text": "Forming the south boundary of the valley is a range of disrupted bushy hills, with intervening deep and rugged kloofs and ravines, which constituted the retreat of Jan Pockbaas and his rebel banditti.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1948, Alan Paton, chapter 1, in Cry, the Beloved Country, New York: Scribner, published 1987:",
"text": "The grass is rich and matted, you cannot see the soil. It holds the rain and the mist, and they seep into the ground, feeding the streams in every kloof.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1978, André Brink, Rumours of Rain, Vintage, published 2000, page 172:",
"text": "Occasionally the narrow dirt road rose above the mist on the slopes of the high round hills, from where one looked down on the silver clouds in the valleys and kloofs below, a magical, incredible sight.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A deep glen or ravine."
],
"id": "en-kloof-en-noun-ZT8vnF98",
"links": [
[
"glen",
"glen"
],
[
"ravine",
"ravine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Africa) A deep glen or ravine."
],
"tags": [
"South-Africa"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kluf/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-kloof.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-kloof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-kloof.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-kloof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-kloof.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "kloof"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kloof"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kloof",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "clove"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch clove",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch kloof, from Middle Dutch clove.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "klowe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "klowe",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kloof (plural klowe)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "klowe"
},
"expansion": "kloof (plural klowe)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"gap, split"
],
"id": "en-kloof-af-noun-4VrzHsre",
"links": [
[
"gap",
"gap"
],
[
"split",
"split"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 51 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 76 20",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "af",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "af:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ravine, gorge, glen"
],
"id": "en-kloof-af-noun-Gk3JhP44",
"links": [
[
"ravine",
"ravine"
],
[
"gorge",
"gorge"
],
[
"glen",
"glen"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kluəf/"
}
],
"word": "kloof"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kloven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kloven",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch kloven.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kloof",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "klowende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gekloof",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klowende"
},
"expansion": "kloof (present kloof, present participle klowende, past participle gekloof)",
"name": "af-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 51 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to split, to cleave"
],
"id": "en-kloof-af-verb-QqjU7WGM",
"links": [
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"cleave",
"cleave"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kluəf/"
}
],
"word": "kloof"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kloof"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: kloof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: kloof"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kloof",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: kloof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: kloof"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "kloof",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: kloof",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated"
},
"expansion": "(dated)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: kloof (dated)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "clove"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch clove",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*klubō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klubō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*klubô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *klubô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Klobe"
},
"expansion": "German Klobe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "khlóop"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian khlóop",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch clove, from Proto-West Germanic *klubō, from Proto-Germanic *klubô, related to *kleubaną (“to split, cleave”). Cognate with German Klobe, Kloben, Cimbrian khlóop.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kloven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kloofje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-ven",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "kloof f (plural kloven, diminutive kloofje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 34 34 9 3 3",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "nl:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kloofdal"
},
{
"word": "taalkloof"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gap, gorge, ravine"
],
"id": "en-kloof-nl-noun-0xf~PLZk",
"links": [
[
"gap",
"gap"
],
[
"gorge",
"gorge"
],
[
"ravine",
"ravine"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "klieven"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kloːf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kloof.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Nl-kloof.ogg/Nl-kloof.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Nl-kloof.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:kloof"
],
"word": "kloof"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "kloof",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 2 2 27 28 4 2 2 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 1 33 34 3 1 1 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 41 40 12 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 34 34 9 3 3",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "nl:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kloven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of kloven:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-kloof-nl-verb-vQmN6aZe",
"links": [
[
"kloven",
"kloven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 2 2 27 28 4 2 2 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 1 33 34 3 1 1 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 41 40 12 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 34 34 9 3 3",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "nl:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kloven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of kloven:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-kloof-nl-verb-78EKYJ2b",
"links": [
[
"kloven",
"kloven#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of kloven:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 41 40 12 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kloven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of kloven:",
"imperative"
],
"id": "en-kloof-nl-verb-C0ZjAvJ0",
"links": [
[
"kloven",
"kloven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kloːf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kloof.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Nl-kloof.ogg/Nl-kloof.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Nl-kloof.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:kloof"
],
"word": "kloof"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "kloof",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "klieven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular past indicative of klieven"
],
"id": "en-kloof-nl-verb-O7m6DHec",
"links": [
[
"klieven",
"klieven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kloːf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kloof.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Nl-kloof.ogg/Nl-kloof.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Nl-kloof.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:kloof"
],
"word": "kloof"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "kloof",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kluiven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular past indicative of kluiven"
],
"id": "en-kloof-nl-verb-3p1e2ezf",
"links": [
[
"kluiven",
"kluiven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kloːf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kloof.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Nl-kloof.ogg/Nl-kloof.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Nl-kloof.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:kloof"
],
"word": "kloof"
}
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans nouns",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Afrikaans terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *glewbʰ-",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"af:Landforms",
"nl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kloof"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kloof",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "clove"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch clove",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch kloof, from Middle Dutch clove.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "klowe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "klowe",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kloof (plural klowe)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "klowe"
},
"expansion": "kloof (plural klowe)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"gap, split"
],
"links": [
[
"gap",
"gap"
],
[
"split",
"split"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ravine, gorge, glen"
],
"links": [
[
"ravine",
"ravine"
],
[
"gorge",
"gorge"
],
[
"glen",
"glen"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kluəf/"
}
],
"word": "kloof"
}
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"af:Landforms",
"nl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kloven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kloven",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch kloven.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kloof",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "klowende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gekloof",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klowende"
},
"expansion": "kloof (present kloof, present participle klowende, past participle gekloof)",
"name": "af-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to split, to cleave"
],
"links": [
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"cleave",
"cleave"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kluəf/"
}
],
"word": "kloof"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch ablauted verbal nouns",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *glewbʰ-",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːf/1 syllable",
"nl:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kloofdal"
},
{
"word": "taalkloof"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kloof"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: kloof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: kloof"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kloof",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: kloof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: kloof"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "kloof",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: kloof",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated"
},
"expansion": "(dated)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: kloof (dated)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "clove"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch clove",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*klubō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klubō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*klubô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *klubô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Klobe"
},
"expansion": "German Klobe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "khlóop"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian khlóop",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch clove, from Proto-West Germanic *klubō, from Proto-Germanic *klubô, related to *kleubaną (“to split, cleave”). Cognate with German Klobe, Kloben, Cimbrian khlóop.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kloven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kloofje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-ven",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "kloof f (plural kloven, diminutive kloofje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "klieven"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"gap, gorge, ravine"
],
"links": [
[
"gap",
"gap"
],
[
"gorge",
"gorge"
],
[
"ravine",
"ravine"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kloːf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kloof.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Nl-kloof.ogg/Nl-kloof.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Nl-kloof.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:kloof"
],
"word": "kloof"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch ablauted verbal nouns",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːf/1 syllable",
"nl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "kloof",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kloven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of kloven:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"kloven",
"kloven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kloven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of kloven:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"kloven",
"kloven#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of kloven:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kloven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of kloven:",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"kloven",
"kloven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kloːf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kloof.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Nl-kloof.ogg/Nl-kloof.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Nl-kloof.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:kloof"
],
"word": "kloof"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch ablauted verbal nouns",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːf/1 syllable",
"nl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "kloof",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "klieven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular past indicative of klieven"
],
"links": [
[
"klieven",
"klieven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kloːf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kloof.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Nl-kloof.ogg/Nl-kloof.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Nl-kloof.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:kloof"
],
"word": "kloof"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch ablauted verbal nouns",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːf/1 syllable",
"nl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "kloof",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kluiven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular past indicative of kluiven"
],
"links": [
[
"kluiven",
"kluiven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kloːf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kloof.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Nl-kloof.ogg/Nl-kloof.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Nl-kloof.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:kloof"
],
"word": "kloof"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"nl:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kloofing"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kloof",
"4": "",
"5": "ravine"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kloof (“ravine”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "clove"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of clove",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch kloof (“ravine”) (South Africa). Doublet of clove.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kloofs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kloof (plural kloofs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *glewbʰ-",
"English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"South African English",
"en:Landforms"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1901, William Thomas Black, The Fish River bush, South Africa, and its wild animals:",
"text": "Forming the south boundary of the valley is a range of disrupted bushy hills, with intervening deep and rugged kloofs and ravines, which constituted the retreat of Jan Pockbaas and his rebel banditti.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1948, Alan Paton, chapter 1, in Cry, the Beloved Country, New York: Scribner, published 1987:",
"text": "The grass is rich and matted, you cannot see the soil. It holds the rain and the mist, and they seep into the ground, feeding the streams in every kloof.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1978, André Brink, Rumours of Rain, Vintage, published 2000, page 172:",
"text": "Occasionally the narrow dirt road rose above the mist on the slopes of the high round hills, from where one looked down on the silver clouds in the valleys and kloofs below, a magical, incredible sight.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A deep glen or ravine."
],
"links": [
[
"glen",
"glen"
],
[
"ravine",
"ravine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Africa) A deep glen or ravine."
],
"tags": [
"South-Africa"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kluf/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-kloof.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-kloof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-kloof.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-kloof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-kloof.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "kloof"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kloof meaning in All languages combined (12.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.