See hew on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "behew"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "forhew"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hew down"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hewer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hewn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hew out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mishew"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rough-hew"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hewen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hewen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hēawan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēawan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hauwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hawwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hawwaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strike, hew, forge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hauen"
},
"expansion": "German hauen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "houwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch houwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hugga"
},
"expansion": "Swedish hugga",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hewen, from Old English hēawan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”). Cognate to German hauen, Dutch houwen and Swedish hugga. Sense 3 derives from the phrase hew to the line (literally “cut evenly with an axe or saw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hews",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hewing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hewed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hew",
"tags": [
"past",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "hewn",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hewed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hewen",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "n",
"past2": "hew",
"past2_qual": "rare",
"past_ptc2": "~ed",
"past_ptc3": "hewen",
"past_ptc3_qual": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "hew (third-person singular simple present hews, present participle hewing, simple past hewed or (rare) hew, past participle hewn or hewed or (archaic) hewen)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 2 8 40 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 11 18 24 11 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English verbs with weak preterite but strong past participle",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "37 41 8 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "32 37 5 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 40 6 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
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{
"_dis": "31 39 5 24",
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"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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{
"_dis": "31 38 5 26",
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"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
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{
"_dis": "31 36 8 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
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{
"_dis": "35 37 9 19",
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"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "34 35 5 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 38 5 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 38 8 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 37 6 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "28 32 19 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "33 34 6 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latgalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 38 6 20",
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"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "33 38 5 24",
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"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "35 37 4 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "31 38 5 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
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{
"_dis": "31 38 6 25",
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{
"_dis": "36 39 1 23",
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"name": "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
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"_dis": "30 41 7 22",
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{
"_dis": "32 38 5 25",
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"_dis": "36 38 6 20",
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"_dis": "31 38 5 26",
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{
"_dis": "31 38 5 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vii]:",
"text": "Hew them to pieces, hack their bones asunder[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1859, Charles Dickens, chapter V, in A Tale of Two Cities, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "A favourite at the Old Bailey, and eke at the Sessions, Mr. Stryver had begun cautiously to hew away the lower staves of the ladder on which he mounted.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1892, Rudyard Kipling, “Evarra And His Gods”, in Barrack-Room Ballads and Other Verses, 3rd edition, London: Methuen & Co. […], →OCLC, page 163:",
"text": "So that all men despised him in the streets, / He hewed the living rock, with sweat and tears,",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1912, Robert W[illiam] Service, “The Logger”, in Rhymes of a Rolling Stone, Toronto, Ont.: William Briggs, →OCLC:",
"text": "My ways are hard and rough, and my arms are strong and tough, / And I hew the dizzy pine till darkness falls;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1912, Edith Wharton, The Reef, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton and Company:",
"text": "She flung back the fortnight on his hands as if he had been an idler indifferent to dates, instead of an active young diplomatist who, to respond to her call, had had to hew his way through a very jungle of engagements!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1912 October, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “Tarzan of the Apes”, in The All-Story, New York, N.Y.: Frank A. Munsey Co., →OCLC; republished as chapter 6, in Tarzan of the Apes, New York, N.Y.: A. L. Burt Company, 1914 June, →OCLC:",
"text": "Among other things he found a sharp hunting knife, on the keen blade of which he immediately proceeded to cut his finger. Undaunted he continued his experiments, finding that he could hack and hew splinters of wood from the table and chairs with this new toy.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down."
],
"id": "en-hew-en-verb-idG5iYmm",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"chop",
"chop"
],
[
"whittle",
"whittle"
],
[
"mow down",
"mow down"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rubácʹ",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руба́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "sjačý",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сячы́"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "seka",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "сека"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otsičam",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "отсичам"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tallar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "sekat"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "osekávat"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rubat"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "houwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tondi"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "to chop, especially wood",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hakata"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tailler"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "einhauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "behauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "bearbeiten"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "vág"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "vagdal"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tēst"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "dolō"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tēst"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hau"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hahau"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hauhau"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hugge"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "rǫbiti",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "рѫбити"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "sěšti",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сѣщи"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rąbać"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "siec"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "desbastar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "ciopli"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "sculpta"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rubítʹ",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "руби́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sečʹ",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сечь"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rubaś"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "cortar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hugga"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rubáty",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руба́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rubýty",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руби́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "síkty",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сі́кти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 32 19 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to hew out a sepulchre",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 51:1:",
"text": "Hearken to me, ye that follow after righteousnesse, ye that seeke the Lord: looke vnto the rocke whence yee are hewen, and to the hole of the pitte whence ye are digged.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 9:1:",
"text": "Wisedome hath builded her house: she hath hewen out her seuen pillars.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1734 December 19, Alexander Pope, letter to Jonathan Swift:",
"text": "rather polishing old works than hewing out new",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1911, Gene Stratton-Porter, The Harvester:",
"text": "The oak he had hauled was being hewed into shape by a neighbour who knew how, and every wagon that carried a log to the city to be dressed at the mill brought back timber for side walls, joists, and rafters.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003 April 26, Adrienne Rich, “Hewn from the living words”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "In 1974, I spoke of poetry as “hewn from the commonest living substance” as a doorframe is hewn of wood.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 December 15, Samanth Subramanian, “Dismantling Sellafield: the epic task of shutting down a nuclear site”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Constructed by a firm named Posiva, Onkalo has been hewn into the island of Olkiluoto, a brief bridge’s length off Finland’s south-west coast.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shape; to form."
],
"id": "en-hew-en-verb-2L6tCR-9",
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To shape; to form."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "yonmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "djalam",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "дялам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "tallar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "cisellar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "esculpir"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vytesat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vysekat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "vormen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "modelleren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "boetseren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "muovata"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "muokata"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "muotoilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "façonner"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "modeler"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "farag"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "alakít"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "formál"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "képez"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "vés"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kształtować"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "formować"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "moldar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"alt": "форму",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pridavátʹ",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "придава́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obtjósyvatʹ",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обтёсывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyrezátʹ",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выреза́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "tallar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "labrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "esculpir"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "yontmak"
}
]
},
{
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
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},
{
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"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
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},
{
"_dis": "37 41 8 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "33 7 6 37 4 14",
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},
{
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{
"_dis": "32 37 5 25",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "33 40 6 21",
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{
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{
"_dis": "31 36 8 25",
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{
"_dis": "35 37 9 19",
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{
"_dis": "34 35 5 26",
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},
{
"_dis": "32 38 5 25",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "35 38 8 19",
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"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "36 37 6 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "28 32 19 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "33 34 6 27",
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"name": "Terms with Latgalian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "36 38 6 20",
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"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "33 38 5 24",
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"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 37 4 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 38 5 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "31 38 6 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 39 1 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "33 37 5 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "32 38 5 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "36 38 6 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "37 39 6 18",
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"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 38 5 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 38 5 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "31 38 5 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1905, Albert Osborn, John Fletcher Hurst: A Biography, Jennings & Graham, page 428",
"text": "Few men measured up to his standard of righteousness; he hewed to the line."
},
{
"ref": "1998, Frank M. Robinson, Lawrence Davidson, Pulp Culture: The Art of Fiction Magazines, Collectors Press, Inc., →ISBN, page 103:",
"text": "Inside the stories usually hewed to a consistent formula: no matter how outlandish and weird the circumstances, in the end everything had to have a natural, if not plausible, ending—frequently, though not always, involving a mad scientist.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Chester E. Finn, Troublemaker: A Personal History of School Reform Since Sputnik, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 28:",
"text": "Faculty members and students alike were buzzing with the fashionable nostrums that dominated U.S. education discourse in the late sixties, […] These hewed to the recommendations of the Plowden Report, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012 May 27, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid on the Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:",
"text": "Hewing to the old comedy convention of beginning a speech by randomly referencing something in eyesight, Homer begins his talk about the birds and the bees by saying that women are like refrigerators: they’re all about six feet tall and weigh three hundred pounds and make ice cubes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013 October 2, Alex Pappademas, “Leuqes! LEUQES! LEUQES! – The Shining sequel and what it says about Stephen King”, in Grantland.com, retrieved 2013-10-16:",
"text": "King recovered the rights on the condition that he'd stop publicly disparaging Kubrick's version. \"For a long time I hewed that line,\" he told CBS News in June. \"And then Mr. Kubrick died. So now I figured, what the hell. I've gone back to saying mean things about it.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To act according to, to conform to; usually construed with to."
],
"id": "en-hew-en-verb-7udGPYDV",
"links": [
[
"conform",
"conform"
],
[
"to",
"to#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, US) To act according to, to conform to; usually construed with to."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to act according to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dodržovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to act according to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "jednat v souladu"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "zich conformeren met"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "zich richten naar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "se conformer"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "accommoder"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "assujettir"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pridérživatʹsja",
"sense": "to act according to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "приде́рживаться"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sootvétstvovatʹ",
"sense": "to act according to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "соотве́тствовать"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soglasóvyvatʹsja",
"sense": "to act according to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "согласо́вываться"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hjuː/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hew.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "hue"
},
{
"homophone": "Hiw"
},
{
"homophone": "Hugh"
}
],
"word": "hew"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hewen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hewen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hēawan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēawan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hauwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hawwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hawwaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strike, hew, forge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hauen"
},
"expansion": "German hauen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "houwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch houwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hugga"
},
"expansion": "Swedish hugga",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hewen, from Old English hēawan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”). Cognate to German hauen, Dutch houwen and Swedish hugga. Sense 3 derives from the phrase hew to the line (literally “cut evenly with an axe or saw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hews",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "hew (countable and uncountable, plural hews)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
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},
{
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{
"_dis": "32 37 5 25",
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},
{
"_dis": "33 40 6 21",
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},
{
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{
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},
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"_dis": "35 38 8 19",
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},
{
"_dis": "36 37 6 21",
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},
{
"_dis": "28 32 19 21",
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{
"_dis": "33 34 6 27",
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{
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "35 37 4 24",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 38 5 26",
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{
"_dis": "31 38 6 25",
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},
{
"_dis": "36 39 1 23",
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},
{
"_dis": "33 37 5 25",
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{
"_dis": "32 38 5 25",
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"_dis": "31 38 5 26",
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 49:",
"text": "Of whom he makes such hauocke and such hew, / That swarmes of damned soules to hell he sends",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Destruction by cutting down or hewing."
],
"id": "en-hew-en-noun-iwXIwBIe",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Destruction by cutting down or hewing."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hjuː/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hew.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "hue"
},
{
"homophone": "Hiw"
},
{
"homophone": "Hugh"
}
],
"word": "hew"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "See hue.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hews",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "hew (countable and uncountable, plural hews)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1681, Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress, lines 33–34:",
"text": "[…] while the youthful hew\nSits on thy skin like morning dew",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hue; colour."
],
"id": "en-hew-en-noun-PCuDaHYh",
"links": [
[
"Hue",
"hue"
],
[
"colour",
"colour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Hue; colour."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 46:",
"text": "He taught to imitate that Lady trew,\nWhose semblance she did carrie under feigned hew.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Shape; form."
],
"id": "en-hew-en-noun-enpse47v",
"links": [
[
"Shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Shape; form."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "hew"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zag",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "hew",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zaghawa",
"lang_code": "zag",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zaghawa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "zag",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "zag:Mammals",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"baboon"
],
"id": "en-hew-zag-noun-6pwDOar5",
"links": [
[
"baboon",
"baboon"
]
]
}
],
"word": "hew"
}
{
"categories": [
"English class 7 strong verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"English verbs with weak preterite but strong past participle",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uː",
"Rhymes:English/uː/1 syllable",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "behew"
},
{
"word": "forhew"
},
{
"word": "hew down"
},
{
"word": "hewer"
},
{
"word": "hewn"
},
{
"word": "hew out"
},
{
"word": "mishew"
},
{
"word": "rough-hew"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hewen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hewen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hēawan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēawan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hauwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hawwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hawwaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strike, hew, forge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hauen"
},
"expansion": "German hauen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "houwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch houwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hugga"
},
"expansion": "Swedish hugga",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hewen, from Old English hēawan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”). Cognate to German hauen, Dutch houwen and Swedish hugga. Sense 3 derives from the phrase hew to the line (literally “cut evenly with an axe or saw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hews",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hewing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hewed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hew",
"tags": [
"past",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "hewn",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hewed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hewen",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "n",
"past2": "hew",
"past2_qual": "rare",
"past_ptc2": "~ed",
"past_ptc3": "hewen",
"past_ptc3_qual": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "hew (third-person singular simple present hews, present participle hewing, simple past hewed or (rare) hew, past participle hewn or hewed or (archaic) hewen)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vii]:",
"text": "Hew them to pieces, hack their bones asunder[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1859, Charles Dickens, chapter V, in A Tale of Two Cities, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "A favourite at the Old Bailey, and eke at the Sessions, Mr. Stryver had begun cautiously to hew away the lower staves of the ladder on which he mounted.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1892, Rudyard Kipling, “Evarra And His Gods”, in Barrack-Room Ballads and Other Verses, 3rd edition, London: Methuen & Co. […], →OCLC, page 163:",
"text": "So that all men despised him in the streets, / He hewed the living rock, with sweat and tears,",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1912, Robert W[illiam] Service, “The Logger”, in Rhymes of a Rolling Stone, Toronto, Ont.: William Briggs, →OCLC:",
"text": "My ways are hard and rough, and my arms are strong and tough, / And I hew the dizzy pine till darkness falls;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1912, Edith Wharton, The Reef, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton and Company:",
"text": "She flung back the fortnight on his hands as if he had been an idler indifferent to dates, instead of an active young diplomatist who, to respond to her call, had had to hew his way through a very jungle of engagements!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1912 October, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “Tarzan of the Apes”, in The All-Story, New York, N.Y.: Frank A. Munsey Co., →OCLC; republished as chapter 6, in Tarzan of the Apes, New York, N.Y.: A. L. Burt Company, 1914 June, →OCLC:",
"text": "Among other things he found a sharp hunting knife, on the keen blade of which he immediately proceeded to cut his finger. Undaunted he continued his experiments, finding that he could hack and hew splinters of wood from the table and chairs with this new toy.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"chop",
"chop"
],
[
"whittle",
"whittle"
],
[
"mow down",
"mow down"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to hew out a sepulchre",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 51:1:",
"text": "Hearken to me, ye that follow after righteousnesse, ye that seeke the Lord: looke vnto the rocke whence yee are hewen, and to the hole of the pitte whence ye are digged.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 9:1:",
"text": "Wisedome hath builded her house: she hath hewen out her seuen pillars.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1734 December 19, Alexander Pope, letter to Jonathan Swift:",
"text": "rather polishing old works than hewing out new",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1911, Gene Stratton-Porter, The Harvester:",
"text": "The oak he had hauled was being hewed into shape by a neighbour who knew how, and every wagon that carried a log to the city to be dressed at the mill brought back timber for side walls, joists, and rafters.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003 April 26, Adrienne Rich, “Hewn from the living words”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "In 1974, I spoke of poetry as “hewn from the commonest living substance” as a doorframe is hewn of wood.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 December 15, Samanth Subramanian, “Dismantling Sellafield: the epic task of shutting down a nuclear site”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Constructed by a firm named Posiva, Onkalo has been hewn into the island of Olkiluoto, a brief bridge’s length off Finland’s south-west coast.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shape; to form."
],
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To shape; to form."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1905, Albert Osborn, John Fletcher Hurst: A Biography, Jennings & Graham, page 428",
"text": "Few men measured up to his standard of righteousness; he hewed to the line."
},
{
"ref": "1998, Frank M. Robinson, Lawrence Davidson, Pulp Culture: The Art of Fiction Magazines, Collectors Press, Inc., →ISBN, page 103:",
"text": "Inside the stories usually hewed to a consistent formula: no matter how outlandish and weird the circumstances, in the end everything had to have a natural, if not plausible, ending—frequently, though not always, involving a mad scientist.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Chester E. Finn, Troublemaker: A Personal History of School Reform Since Sputnik, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 28:",
"text": "Faculty members and students alike were buzzing with the fashionable nostrums that dominated U.S. education discourse in the late sixties, […] These hewed to the recommendations of the Plowden Report, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012 May 27, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid on the Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:",
"text": "Hewing to the old comedy convention of beginning a speech by randomly referencing something in eyesight, Homer begins his talk about the birds and the bees by saying that women are like refrigerators: they’re all about six feet tall and weigh three hundred pounds and make ice cubes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013 October 2, Alex Pappademas, “Leuqes! LEUQES! LEUQES! – The Shining sequel and what it says about Stephen King”, in Grantland.com, retrieved 2013-10-16:",
"text": "King recovered the rights on the condition that he'd stop publicly disparaging Kubrick's version. \"For a long time I hewed that line,\" he told CBS News in June. \"And then Mr. Kubrick died. So now I figured, what the hell. I've gone back to saying mean things about it.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To act according to, to conform to; usually construed with to."
],
"links": [
[
"conform",
"conform"
],
[
"to",
"to#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, US) To act according to, to conform to; usually construed with to."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hjuː/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hew.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "hue"
},
{
"homophone": "Hiw"
},
{
"homophone": "Hugh"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rubácʹ",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руба́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "sjačý",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сячы́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "seka",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "сека"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otsičam",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "отсичам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tallar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "sekat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "osekávat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rubat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "houwen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tondi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "to chop, especially wood",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hakata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tailler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "einhauen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "behauen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "bearbeiten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hauen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "vág"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "vagdal"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tēst"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "dolō"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tēst"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hau"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hahau"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hauhau"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hugge"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "rǫbiti",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "рѫбити"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "sěšti",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сѣщи"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rąbać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "siec"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "desbastar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "ciopli"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "sculpta"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rubítʹ",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "руби́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sečʹ",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сечь"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rubaś"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "cortar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hugga"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rubáty",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руба́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rubýty",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руби́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "síkty",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сі́кти"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "yonmaq"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "djalam",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "дялам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "tallar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "cisellar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "esculpir"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vytesat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vysekat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "vormen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "modelleren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "boetseren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "muovata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "muokata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "muotoilla"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "façonner"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "modeler"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "farag"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "alakít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "formál"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "képez"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "vés"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kształtować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "formować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "moldar"
},
{
"alt": "форму",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pridavátʹ",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "придава́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obtjósyvatʹ",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обтёсывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyrezátʹ",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выреза́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "tallar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "labrar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "esculpir"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "yontmak"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to act according to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dodržovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to act according to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "jednat v souladu"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "zich conformeren met"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "zich richten naar"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "se conformer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "accommoder"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "assujettir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pridérživatʹsja",
"sense": "to act according to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "приде́рживаться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sootvétstvovatʹ",
"sense": "to act according to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "соотве́тствовать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soglasóvyvatʹsja",
"sense": "to act according to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "согласо́вываться"
}
],
"word": "hew"
}
{
"categories": [
"English class 7 strong verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"English verbs with weak preterite but strong past participle",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uː",
"Rhymes:English/uː/1 syllable",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hewen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hewen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hēawan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēawan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hauwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hawwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hawwaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strike, hew, forge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hauen"
},
"expansion": "German hauen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "houwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch houwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hugga"
},
"expansion": "Swedish hugga",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hewen, from Old English hēawan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”). Cognate to German hauen, Dutch houwen and Swedish hugga. Sense 3 derives from the phrase hew to the line (literally “cut evenly with an axe or saw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hews",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "hew (countable and uncountable, plural hews)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 49:",
"text": "Of whom he makes such hauocke and such hew, / That swarmes of damned soules to hell he sends",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Destruction by cutting down or hewing."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Destruction by cutting down or hewing."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hjuː/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hew.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "hue"
},
{
"homophone": "Hiw"
},
{
"homophone": "Hugh"
}
],
"word": "hew"
}
{
"categories": [
"English class 7 strong verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs with weak preterite but strong past participle",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "See hue.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hews",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "hew (countable and uncountable, plural hews)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1681, Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress, lines 33–34:",
"text": "[…] while the youthful hew\nSits on thy skin like morning dew",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hue; colour."
],
"links": [
[
"Hue",
"hue"
],
[
"colour",
"colour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Hue; colour."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 46:",
"text": "He taught to imitate that Lady trew,\nWhose semblance she did carrie under feigned hew.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Shape; form."
],
"links": [
[
"Shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Shape; form."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "hew"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zag",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "hew",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zaghawa",
"lang_code": "zag",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Zaghawa entries with incorrect language header",
"Zaghawa lemmas",
"Zaghawa nouns",
"zag:Mammals"
],
"glosses": [
"baboon"
],
"links": [
[
"baboon",
"baboon"
]
]
}
],
"word": "hew"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hew meaning in All languages combined (26.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.