See hew on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hew meaning in All languages combined (20.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "behew"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "forhew"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hew down"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hewer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hewn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hew out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rough-hew"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hewen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hewen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hēawan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēawan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hauwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hawwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hawwaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strike, hew, forge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hewen, from Old English hēawan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hews",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hewing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hewed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hew",
"tags": [
"past",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "hewed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hewn",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "hew",
"past2_qual": "rare",
"past_ptc2": "hewn"
},
"expansion": "hew (third-person singular simple present hews, present participle hewing, simple past hewed or (rare) hew, past participle hewed or hewn)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 2 9 40 5 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 2 11 34 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 6 14 31 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English verbs with weak preterite but strong past participle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down."
],
"id": "en-hew-en-verb-idG5iYmm",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"chop",
"chop"
],
[
"whittle",
"whittle"
],
[
"mow down",
"mow down"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rubácʹ",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руба́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "sjačý",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сячы́"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "seka",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "сека"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otsičam",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "отсичам"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tallar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "houwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tondi"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "to chop, especially wood",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hakata"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tailler"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "einhauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "bearbeiten"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "vág"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "vagdal"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tēst"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "dolō"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tēst"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hau"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hahau"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hauhau"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "rǫbiti",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "рѫбити"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "sěšti",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сѣщи"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rąbać"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "siec"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "desbastar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "ciopli"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "sculpta"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rubítʹ",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "руби́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sečʹ",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сечь"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rubaś"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "cortar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hugga"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rubáty",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руба́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rubýty",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руби́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "síkty",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сі́кти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "One of the most widely used typefaces in the world was hewn by the English printer and typographer John Baskerville.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "to hew out a sepulchre",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "December 19, 1734, Alexander Pope, letter to Jonathan Swift\nrather polishing old works than hewing out new"
},
{
"ref": "December 15 2022, Samanth Subramanian, “Dismantling Sellafield: the epic task of shutting down a nuclear site”, in The Guardian",
"text": "Constructed by a firm named Posiva, Onkalo has been hewn into the island of Olkiluoto, a brief bridge’s length off Finland’s south-west coast.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shape; to form."
],
"id": "en-hew-en-verb-2L6tCR-9",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To shape; to form."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "yonmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "djalam",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "дялам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "tallar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "cisellar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "esculpir"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "vormen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "modelleren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "boetseren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "muovata"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "muokata"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "muotoilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "façonner"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "modeler"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "farag"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "alakít"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "formál"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "képez"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "vés"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kształtować"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "formować"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "moldar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"alt": "форму",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pridavátʹ",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "придава́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obtjósyvatʹ",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обтёсывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyrezátʹ",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выреза́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "tallar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "labrar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 2 9 40 5 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 2 11 34 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 6 14 31 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English verbs with weak preterite but strong past participle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1905, Albert Osborn, John Fletcher Hurst: A Biography, Jennings & Graham, page 428",
"text": "Few men measured up to his standard of righteousness; he hewed to the line."
},
{
"ref": "1998, Frank M. Robinson, Lawrence Davidson, Pulp Culture: The Art of Fiction Magazines, Collectors Press, Inc., page 103",
"text": "Inside the stories usually hewed to a consistent formula: no matter how outlandish and weird the circumstances, in the end everything had to have a natural, if not plausible, ending—frequently, though not always, involving a mad scientist.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Chester E. Finn, Troublemaker: A Personal History of School Reform Since Sputnik, Princeton University Press, page 28",
"text": "Faculty members and students alike were buzzing with the fashionable nostrums that dominated U.S. education discourse in the late sixties, […] These hewed to the recommendations of the Plowden Report, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012 May 27, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid on the Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club",
"text": "Hewing to the old comedy convention of beginning a speech by randomly referencing something in eyesight, Homer begins his talk about the birds and the bees by saying that women are like refrigerators: they’re all about six feet tall and weigh three hundred pounds and make ice cubes.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 October 2, Alex Pappademas, “Leuqes! LEUQES! LEUQES! – The Shining sequel and what it says about Stephen King”, in Grantland.com, retrieved 2013-10-16",
"text": "King recovered the rights on the condition that he'd stop publicly disparaging Kubrick's version. \"For a long time I hewed that line,\" he told CBS News in June. \"And then Mr. Kubrick died. So now I figured, what the hell. I've gone back to saying mean things about it.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To act according to, to conform to; usually construed with to."
],
"id": "en-hew-en-verb-7udGPYDV",
"links": [
[
"conform",
"conform"
],
[
"to",
"to#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, US) To act according to, to conform to; usually construed with to."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "zich conformeren met"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "zich richten naar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "se conformer"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "accommoder"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "assujettir"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pridérživatʹsja",
"sense": "to act according to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "приде́рживаться"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sootvétstvovatʹ",
"sense": "to act according to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "соотве́тствовать"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soglasóvyvatʹsja",
"sense": "to act according to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "согласо́вываться"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hjuː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "hue"
},
{
"homophone": "Hiw"
},
{
"homophone": "Hugh"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hew.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "hew"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hewen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hewen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hēawan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēawan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hauwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hawwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hawwaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strike, hew, forge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hewen, from Old English hēawan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hews",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "hew (countable and uncountable, plural hews)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 2 9 40 5 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 2 11 34 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 6 14 31 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English verbs with weak preterite but strong past participle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Destruction by cutting down or hewing."
],
"id": "en-hew-en-noun-iwXIwBIe",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Destruction by cutting down or hewing."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hjuː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "hue"
},
{
"homophone": "Hiw"
},
{
"homophone": "Hugh"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hew.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "hew"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "See hue.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hews",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "hew (countable and uncountable, plural hews)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1681, Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress, lines 33–34",
"text": "[…] while the youthful hew\nSits on thy skin like morning dew",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hue; colour."
],
"id": "en-hew-en-noun-PCuDaHYh",
"links": [
[
"Hue",
"hue"
],
[
"colour",
"colour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Hue; colour."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 2 11 34 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 6 14 31 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English verbs with weak preterite but strong past participle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Shape; form."
],
"id": "en-hew-en-noun-enpse47v",
"links": [
[
"Shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Shape; form."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "hew"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zag",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "hew",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zaghawa",
"lang_code": "zag",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zaghawa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "zag",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "zag:Mammals",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"baboon"
],
"id": "en-hew-zag-noun-6pwDOar5",
"links": [
[
"baboon",
"baboon"
]
]
}
],
"word": "hew"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English class 7 strong verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"English verbs with weak preterite but strong past participle",
"Rhymes:English/uː",
"Rhymes:English/uː/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "behew"
},
{
"word": "forhew"
},
{
"word": "hew down"
},
{
"word": "hewer"
},
{
"word": "hewn"
},
{
"word": "hew out"
},
{
"word": "rough-hew"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hewen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hewen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hēawan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēawan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hauwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hawwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hawwaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strike, hew, forge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hewen, from Old English hēawan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hews",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hewing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hewed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hew",
"tags": [
"past",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "hewed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hewn",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "hew",
"past2_qual": "rare",
"past_ptc2": "hewn"
},
"expansion": "hew (third-person singular simple present hews, present participle hewing, simple past hewed or (rare) hew, past participle hewed or hewn)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"chop",
"chop"
],
[
"whittle",
"whittle"
],
[
"mow down",
"mow down"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "One of the most widely used typefaces in the world was hewn by the English printer and typographer John Baskerville.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "to hew out a sepulchre",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "December 19, 1734, Alexander Pope, letter to Jonathan Swift\nrather polishing old works than hewing out new"
},
{
"ref": "December 15 2022, Samanth Subramanian, “Dismantling Sellafield: the epic task of shutting down a nuclear site”, in The Guardian",
"text": "Constructed by a firm named Posiva, Onkalo has been hewn into the island of Olkiluoto, a brief bridge’s length off Finland’s south-west coast.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shape; to form."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To shape; to form."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1905, Albert Osborn, John Fletcher Hurst: A Biography, Jennings & Graham, page 428",
"text": "Few men measured up to his standard of righteousness; he hewed to the line."
},
{
"ref": "1998, Frank M. Robinson, Lawrence Davidson, Pulp Culture: The Art of Fiction Magazines, Collectors Press, Inc., page 103",
"text": "Inside the stories usually hewed to a consistent formula: no matter how outlandish and weird the circumstances, in the end everything had to have a natural, if not plausible, ending—frequently, though not always, involving a mad scientist.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Chester E. Finn, Troublemaker: A Personal History of School Reform Since Sputnik, Princeton University Press, page 28",
"text": "Faculty members and students alike were buzzing with the fashionable nostrums that dominated U.S. education discourse in the late sixties, […] These hewed to the recommendations of the Plowden Report, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012 May 27, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid on the Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club",
"text": "Hewing to the old comedy convention of beginning a speech by randomly referencing something in eyesight, Homer begins his talk about the birds and the bees by saying that women are like refrigerators: they’re all about six feet tall and weigh three hundred pounds and make ice cubes.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 October 2, Alex Pappademas, “Leuqes! LEUQES! LEUQES! – The Shining sequel and what it says about Stephen King”, in Grantland.com, retrieved 2013-10-16",
"text": "King recovered the rights on the condition that he'd stop publicly disparaging Kubrick's version. \"For a long time I hewed that line,\" he told CBS News in June. \"And then Mr. Kubrick died. So now I figured, what the hell. I've gone back to saying mean things about it.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To act according to, to conform to; usually construed with to."
],
"links": [
[
"conform",
"conform"
],
[
"to",
"to#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, US) To act according to, to conform to; usually construed with to."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hjuː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "hue"
},
{
"homophone": "Hiw"
},
{
"homophone": "Hugh"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hew.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rubácʹ",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руба́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "sjačý",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сячы́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "seka",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "сека"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otsičam",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "отсичам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tallar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "houwen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tondi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "to chop, especially wood",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hakata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tailler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "einhauen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "bearbeiten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hauen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "vág"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "vagdal"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tēst"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "dolō"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "tēst"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hau"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hahau"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hauhau"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "rǫbiti",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "рѫбити"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "sěšti",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сѣщи"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rąbać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "siec"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "desbastar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "ciopli"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "sculpta"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rubítʹ",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "руби́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sečʹ",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сечь"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rubaś"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "cortar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"word": "hugga"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rubáty",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руба́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rubýty",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руби́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "síkty",
"sense": "to chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сі́кти"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "yonmaq"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "djalam",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "дялам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "tallar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "cisellar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "esculpir"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "vormen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "modelleren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "boetseren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "muovata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "muokata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "muotoilla"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "façonner"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "modeler"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "farag"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "alakít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "formál"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "képez"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "vés"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kształtować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "formować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "moldar"
},
{
"alt": "форму",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pridavátʹ",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "придава́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obtjósyvatʹ",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обтёсывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyrezátʹ",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выреза́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "tallar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shape; to form",
"word": "labrar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "zich conformeren met"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "zich richten naar"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "se conformer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "accommoder"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to act according to",
"word": "assujettir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pridérživatʹsja",
"sense": "to act according to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "приде́рживаться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sootvétstvovatʹ",
"sense": "to act according to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "соотве́тствовать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soglasóvyvatʹsja",
"sense": "to act according to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "согласо́вываться"
}
],
"word": "hew"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English class 7 strong verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"English verbs with weak preterite but strong past participle",
"Rhymes:English/uː",
"Rhymes:English/uː/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hewen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hewen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hēawan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēawan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hauwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hawwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hawwaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strike, hew, forge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hewen, from Old English hēawan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hews",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "hew (countable and uncountable, plural hews)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Destruction by cutting down or hewing."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Destruction by cutting down or hewing."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hjuː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː"
},
{
"homophone": "hue"
},
{
"homophone": "Hiw"
},
{
"homophone": "Hugh"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hew.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hew.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "hew"
}
{
"categories": [
"English class 7 strong verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs with weak preterite but strong past participle"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "See hue.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hews",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "hew (countable and uncountable, plural hews)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1681, Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress, lines 33–34",
"text": "[…] while the youthful hew\nSits on thy skin like morning dew",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hue; colour."
],
"links": [
[
"Hue",
"hue"
],
[
"colour",
"colour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Hue; colour."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Shape; form."
],
"links": [
[
"Shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Shape; form."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "hew"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zag",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "hew",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zaghawa",
"lang_code": "zag",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Zaghawa entries with incorrect language header",
"Zaghawa lemmas",
"Zaghawa nouns",
"zag:Mammals"
],
"glosses": [
"baboon"
],
"links": [
[
"baboon",
"baboon"
]
]
}
],
"word": "hew"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.