See heavy-handed on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "heavy-handedly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "heavy-handedness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heavy",
"3": "hand",
"4": "-ed",
"lit": "having a heavy hand"
},
"expansion": "heavy + hand + -ed, literally “having a heavy hand”",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hevitime"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hevitime",
"name": "m+"
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"1": "ang",
"2": "hefiġtīme"
},
"expansion": "Old English hefiġtīme",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From heavy + hand + -ed, literally “having a heavy hand”. Compare Middle English hevitime, heviteme (“burdensome, grievous, grave”), from Old English hefiġtīme, hefiġtȳme (“grievous, wearisome, tedious, troublesome”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more heavy-handed",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most heavy-handed",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "heavy-handed (comparative more heavy-handed, superlative most heavy-handed)",
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"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hard-handed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "iron-handed"
}
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Margaret Powell, The Downstairs Cookbook, →ISBN:",
"text": "Some people say, 'I can't make pastry, I'm too heavy-handed.'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clumsy; awkward."
],
"id": "en-heavy-handed-en-adj-1rd2pQ3R",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"Clumsy",
"clumsy"
],
[
"awkward",
"awkward"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) Clumsy; awkward."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cack-handed"
},
{
"word": "ham-handed"
},
{
"word": ";"
},
{
"word": "ham-fisted"
},
{
"word": "maladroit"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 2 2 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nesrǎčen",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "несръчен"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 2 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepohvaten",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "непохватен"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "kovakourainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "kömpelö"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "maladroit"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "unbeholfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "linkisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "ungeschickt"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ohne Feingefühl"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "schwerfällig"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Do not be too heavy-handed with the salt.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Suzanne Lenzer, Truly Madly Pizza, →ISBN:",
"text": "However, recently I got a little heavy-handed with the red pepper flakes.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Excessive; overdone."
],
"id": "en-heavy-handed-en-adj-r5CKa8f0",
"links": [
[
"Excessive",
"excessive"
],
[
"overdone",
"overdone"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "OTT"
},
{
"word": "over the top"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 94 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prekaljavašt",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"word": "прекаляващ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"word": "te scheutig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"word": "ylenpalttinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"word": "excessif"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 1 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"word": "excesivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "großzügig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"word": "übertrieben"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"word": "tollpatschig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 94 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"word": "excesivo"
}
]
},
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Nicholas Rombes, The Ramones' Ramones, →ISBN:",
"text": "...punk “music has been, and still is, one of the most heavy-handed genres of music there is. Unfortunately the topics of such heavy-handed songs are almost always seeped in left wing propaganda, bumper sticker rallying calls and oversimplifications of otherwise complex topics.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking subtlety or nuance."
],
"id": "en-heavy-handed-en-adj-22N4CnnQ",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"subtlety",
"subtlety"
],
[
"nuance",
"nuance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) Lacking subtlety or nuance."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ham-handed"
},
{
"word": "ham-fisted"
},
{
"word": "unsubtle"
},
{
"word": "on the nose"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 2 92 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lacking subtlety or nuance",
"word": "karkea"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 92 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking subtlety or nuance",
"word": "plump"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 92 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking subtlety or nuance",
"word": "grob gestrickt"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 92 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking subtlety or nuance",
"word": "ungehobelt"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 92 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking subtlety or nuance",
"word": "ungeschliffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 92 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking subtlety or nuance",
"word": "hölzern"
}
]
},
{
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014, Jayne Ann Krentz, River Road, →ISBN:",
"text": "“Heavy-handed, huh? Is that by any chance your way of telling me that I'm a bad communicator?\" \"No, it's my way of telling you that you obviously haven't shaken the take-charge attitude.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, John D. Visconti, Fetch More Dollars For Your Dog Training Business, →ISBN:",
"text": "I cite how ineffective heavy-handed training methods are due to the physiological state of high arousal and avoidance behaviors they cause in dogs.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020 January 6, Raymond Zhong, “Awash in Disinformation Before Vote, Taiwan Points Finger at China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-01-06, Technology:",
"text": "Polls suggest, however, that Beijing’s heavy-handed ways might be backfiring and driving voters to embrace Ms. Tsai. Thousands of Taiwan citizens marched last month against “red media,” or local news organizations supposedly influenced by the Chinese government.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020 April 22, “Network News: BTP chief pays tribute to rail staff and BTP officers”, in Rail, page 10:",
"text": "Crowther also distanced the BTP from the heavy-handed approach to the lockdown that other police forces have been accused in the national media of taking.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Overbearing, coercive; unnecessarily forceful; harsh, oppressive."
],
"id": "en-heavy-handed-en-adj-bF3ULEqa",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"Overbearing",
"overbearing"
],
[
"coercive",
"coercive"
],
[
"forceful",
"forceful"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"oppressive",
"oppressive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) Overbearing, coercive; unnecessarily forceful; harsh, oppressive."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bossy"
},
{
"word": ";"
},
{
"word": "hard-handed"
},
{
"word": "iron-handed"
},
{
"word": "iron-fisted"
},
{
"word": ";"
},
{
"word": "brutal"
},
{
"word": "cruel"
},
{
"word": "draconian"
},
{
"word": "overstrict"
},
{
"word": "bossy"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 3 7 78",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "overbearing; pushy and coercive",
"word": "kovaotteinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 7 78",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "overbearing; pushy and coercive",
"word": "penetrant"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 7 78",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "overbearing; pushy and coercive",
"word": "poltrig"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 3 7 78",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "overbearing; pushy and coercive",
"word": "polterig"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 13 8 62",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "drastičen",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "драстичен"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 13 8 62",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "žestok",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "жесток"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 13 8 62",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "hardhandig"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 13 8 62",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "kovaotteinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 13 8 62",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "kovakourainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 13 8 62",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "unbarmherzig"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 13 8 62",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "drakonisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 13 8 62",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "drastisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 13 8 62",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "rigoros"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 13 8 62",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "radikal"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 13 8 62",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "durchgreifend"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 13 8 62",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "einschneidend"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 13 8 62",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "draconiano"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 13 8 62",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "drástico"
}
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "heavyhanded"
}
],
"word": "heavy-handed"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English compound terms",
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"English lemmas",
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"derived": [
{
"word": "heavy-handedly"
},
{
"word": "heavy-handedness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heavy",
"3": "hand",
"4": "-ed",
"lit": "having a heavy hand"
},
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"name": "af"
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"expansion": "Middle English hevitime",
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"2": "hefiġtīme"
},
"expansion": "Old English hefiġtīme",
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],
"etymology_text": "From heavy + hand + -ed, literally “having a heavy hand”. Compare Middle English hevitime, heviteme (“burdensome, grievous, grave”), from Old English hefiġtīme, hefiġtȳme (“grievous, wearisome, tedious, troublesome”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more heavy-handed",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "most heavy-handed",
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}
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"expansion": "heavy-handed (comparative more heavy-handed, superlative most heavy-handed)",
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"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "hard-handed"
},
{
"word": "iron-handed"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
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],
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{
"ref": "2012, Margaret Powell, The Downstairs Cookbook, →ISBN:",
"text": "Some people say, 'I can't make pastry, I'm too heavy-handed.'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clumsy; awkward."
],
"links": [
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"derogatory"
],
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"clumsy"
],
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"awkward"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) Clumsy; awkward."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cack-handed"
},
{
"word": "ham-handed"
},
{
"word": ";"
},
{
"word": "ham-fisted"
},
{
"word": "maladroit"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Do not be too heavy-handed with the salt.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Suzanne Lenzer, Truly Madly Pizza, →ISBN:",
"text": "However, recently I got a little heavy-handed with the red pepper flakes.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Excessive; overdone."
],
"links": [
[
"Excessive",
"excessive"
],
[
"overdone",
"overdone"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "OTT"
},
{
"word": "over the top"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Nicholas Rombes, The Ramones' Ramones, →ISBN:",
"text": "...punk “music has been, and still is, one of the most heavy-handed genres of music there is. Unfortunately the topics of such heavy-handed songs are almost always seeped in left wing propaganda, bumper sticker rallying calls and oversimplifications of otherwise complex topics.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking subtlety or nuance."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"subtlety",
"subtlety"
],
[
"nuance",
"nuance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) Lacking subtlety or nuance."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ham-handed"
},
{
"word": "ham-fisted"
},
{
"word": "unsubtle"
},
{
"word": "on the nose"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014, Jayne Ann Krentz, River Road, →ISBN:",
"text": "“Heavy-handed, huh? Is that by any chance your way of telling me that I'm a bad communicator?\" \"No, it's my way of telling you that you obviously haven't shaken the take-charge attitude.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, John D. Visconti, Fetch More Dollars For Your Dog Training Business, →ISBN:",
"text": "I cite how ineffective heavy-handed training methods are due to the physiological state of high arousal and avoidance behaviors they cause in dogs.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020 January 6, Raymond Zhong, “Awash in Disinformation Before Vote, Taiwan Points Finger at China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-01-06, Technology:",
"text": "Polls suggest, however, that Beijing’s heavy-handed ways might be backfiring and driving voters to embrace Ms. Tsai. Thousands of Taiwan citizens marched last month against “red media,” or local news organizations supposedly influenced by the Chinese government.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020 April 22, “Network News: BTP chief pays tribute to rail staff and BTP officers”, in Rail, page 10:",
"text": "Crowther also distanced the BTP from the heavy-handed approach to the lockdown that other police forces have been accused in the national media of taking.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Overbearing, coercive; unnecessarily forceful; harsh, oppressive."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"Overbearing",
"overbearing"
],
[
"coercive",
"coercive"
],
[
"forceful",
"forceful"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"oppressive",
"oppressive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) Overbearing, coercive; unnecessarily forceful; harsh, oppressive."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bossy"
},
{
"word": ";"
},
{
"word": "hard-handed"
},
{
"word": "iron-handed"
},
{
"word": "iron-fisted"
},
{
"word": ";"
},
{
"word": "brutal"
},
{
"word": "cruel"
},
{
"word": "draconian"
},
{
"word": "overstrict"
},
{
"word": "bossy"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "heavyhanded"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nesrǎčen",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "несръчен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepohvaten",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "непохватен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "kovakourainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "kömpelö"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "maladroit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "unbeholfen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "linkisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "ungeschickt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ohne Feingefühl"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "clumsy, awkward",
"word": "schwerfällig"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prekaljavašt",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"word": "прекаляващ"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"word": "te scheutig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"word": "ylenpalttinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"word": "excessif"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"word": "excesivo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
],
"word": "großzügig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"word": "übertrieben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"word": "tollpatschig"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "excessive, overdone",
"word": "excesivo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lacking subtlety or nuance",
"word": "karkea"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking subtlety or nuance",
"word": "plump"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking subtlety or nuance",
"word": "grob gestrickt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking subtlety or nuance",
"word": "ungehobelt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking subtlety or nuance",
"word": "ungeschliffen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking subtlety or nuance",
"word": "hölzern"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "overbearing; pushy and coercive",
"word": "kovaotteinen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "overbearing; pushy and coercive",
"word": "penetrant"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "overbearing; pushy and coercive",
"word": "poltrig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "overbearing; pushy and coercive",
"word": "polterig"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "drastičen",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "драстичен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "žestok",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "жесток"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "hardhandig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "kovaotteinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "kovakourainen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "unbarmherzig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "drakonisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "drastisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "rigoros"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "radikal"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "durchgreifend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "einschneidend"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "draconiano"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "extreme, unnecessarily forceful",
"word": "drástico"
}
],
"word": "heavy-handed"
}
Download raw JSONL data for heavy-handed meaning in All languages combined (9.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.