See gemma on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gemma meaning in All languages combined (20.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "gemma",
"t": "bud on a plant"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin gemma (“bud on a plant”)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "Gemma"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of gem and Gemma",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin gemma (“bud on a plant”). Doublet of gem and Gemma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gemmas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "gemmae"
},
"expansion": "gemma (plural gemmas or gemmae)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gemmaceous"
},
{
"word": "gemmal"
},
{
"word": "gemmoid"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1969, Rudolf Mathias Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume 1, Columbia University Press, page 527",
"text": "I know of no other genera with such intramarginal formation of true gemmae.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1990, Anthony John Edwin Smith, The Liverworts of Britain and Ireland, page 2",
"text": "Gemmae are frequently longer than wide or of irregular shape.\nAccording to Degenkolbe, gemmae-bearing leaves are always different in form from normal leaves.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2005, R. N. Chopra, Biology of Bryophytes, page 32",
"text": "In Marchantia polymorpha, high temperature promotes germination of gemmae (Dacknowski, 1907), and heat absorbed by the gemmae accelerates their germination (Fitting, 1942).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An asexual reproductive structure, as found in animals such as hydra (genus Hydra) and plants such as liverworts (division Marchantiophyta), consisting of a cluster of cells from which new individuals can develop; a bud."
],
"id": "en-gemma-en-noun-r4s0ggpg",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"asexual",
"asexual#Adjective"
],
[
"reproductive",
"reproductive"
],
[
"structure",
"structure#Noun"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"hydra",
"hydra"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Hydra",
"Hydra"
],
[
"plants",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"liverwort",
"liverwort"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"Marchantiophyta",
"Marchantiophyta#Translingual"
],
[
"consist",
"consist"
],
[
"cluster",
"cluster#Noun"
],
[
"cells",
"cell#Noun"
],
[
"new",
"new#Adjective"
],
[
"individuals",
"individual#Noun"
],
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"bud",
"bud#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) An asexual reproductive structure, as found in animals such as hydra (genus Hydra) and plants such as liverworts (division Marchantiophyta), consisting of a cluster of cells from which new individuals can develop; a bud."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "gemmule"
}
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pǎpka",
"sense": "asexual reproductive structure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пъпка"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "asexual reproductive structure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "xema"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳoḳori",
"sense": "asexual reproductive structure",
"word": "კოკორი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳvirṭi",
"sense": "asexual reproductive structure",
"word": "კვირტი"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "asexual reproductive structure",
"word": "sarjadzik"
}
]
}
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "geh"
},
"expansion": "geh",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "ma"
},
"expansion": "ma",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "mia"
},
"expansion": "mia",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "go we"
},
"expansion": "“go we”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "go we"
},
"expansion": "Literally, “go we”",
"name": "lit"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First person plural of geh + ma (unstressed form of first person plural nominative mia). Literally, “go we”.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "gemma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "geh ma"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Contraction of geh ma."
],
"id": "en-gemma-bar-verb-YCdTYrrf",
"links": [
[
"geh",
"geh#Bavarian"
],
[
"ma",
"ma#Bavarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"contraction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡ̥ɛmɐ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "geh ma"
}
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "geh"
},
"expansion": "geh",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "ma"
},
"expansion": "ma",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "mia"
},
"expansion": "mia",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "go we"
},
"expansion": "“go we”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "go we"
},
"expansion": "Literally, “go we”",
"name": "lit"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First person plural of geh + ma (unstressed form of first person plural nominative mia). Literally, “go we”.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "gemma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bavarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Come on, let's go! We can do this!",
"text": "Gemma, gemma! Des schåff ma!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"come on!, let's go!"
],
"id": "en-gemma-bar-intj-yien798w",
"links": [
[
"come on",
"come on"
],
[
"let's go",
"let's go"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡ̥ɛmɐ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "geh ma"
}
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "gemma",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin gemma",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "gemma"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin gemma",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin gemma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gemmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "gemma f (plural gemmes)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 25 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gem, jewel"
],
"id": "en-gemma-ca-noun-qW18cHj9",
"links": [
[
"gem",
"gem"
],
[
"jewel",
"jewel"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "ca:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bud"
],
"id": "en-gemma-ca-noun-6zVIVq3j",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"bud",
"bud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) bud"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "ca:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gemma"
],
"id": "en-gemma-ca-noun-P7IqVZf7",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"gemma",
"gemma"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) gemma"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈʒɛm.mə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ʒem.ma]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gemmas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "gemmas",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gemma (plural gemmas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gemma (plural gemmas)",
"name": "ia-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gem"
],
"id": "en-gemma-ia-noun-hRz8PWDT",
"links": [
[
"gem",
"gem"
]
]
}
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "gemma"
},
"expansion": "Latin gemma",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin gemma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gemme",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "gemma f (plural gemme)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gèm‧ma"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ingemmare"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "it:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "25 41 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bud"
],
"id": "en-gemma-it-noun-6zVIVq3j",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"bud",
"bud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) bud"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 41 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gem, jewel"
],
"id": "en-gemma-it-noun-qW18cHj9",
"links": [
[
"gem",
"gem"
],
[
"jewel",
"jewel"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 41 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gem (precious or highly valued thing or person)"
],
"id": "en-gemma-it-noun-SaTyzhhW",
"links": [
[
"gem",
"gem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) gem (precious or highly valued thing or person)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒɛm.ma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛmma"
}
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gemma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gèm‧ma"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 21 17 43 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of gemmare:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-gemma-it-verb-I0mESNjg",
"links": [
[
"gemmare",
"gemmare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of gemmare:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-gemma-it-verb-EuZYvMot",
"links": [
[
"gemmare",
"gemmare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒɛm.ma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛmma"
}
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "xema",
"3": "ema"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: xema, ema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: xema, ema"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gemma"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: gemma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: gemma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gemme"
},
"expansion": "Danish: gemme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: gemme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gemme"
},
"expansion": "French: gemme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: gemme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "gemă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: gemă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: gemă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gemma",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: gemma (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: gemma (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "gemma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Interlingua: gemma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Interlingua: gemma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gemma"
},
"expansion": "Italian: gemma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: gemma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гемма",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: гемма (gemma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: гемма (gemma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "gema"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: gema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: gema"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "xema"
},
"expansion": "Galician: xema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: xema"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gema"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: gema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: gema"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "yema"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: yema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: yema"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "yema"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: yema\n→ Cebuano: yema\n→ Tagalog: yema",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: yema\n→ Cebuano: yema\n→ Tagalog: yema"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "gema",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: gema (learned)\n→ Catalan: gema (dialectal, Castilianism)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: gema (learned)\n→ Catalan: gema (dialectal, Castilianism)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*gimmu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *gimmu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *gimmu (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zębnǫti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žémbėti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žémbėti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵemb-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵeb-",
"3": "",
"4": "to bud, sprout"
},
"expansion": "*ǵeb- (“to bud, sprout”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵómbʰos",
"3": "*ǵembʰ-",
"4": "nail, tooth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄνυξ",
"t": "claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gen-",
"4": "",
"5": "to produce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gignō"
},
"expansion": "gignō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "genus"
},
"expansion": "genus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibilities include:\n* Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti and Lithuanian žémbėti, both meaning “to germinate, sprout”, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb- or *ǵeb- (“to bud, sprout”), though such a root would be irregular for PIE;\n* From Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”), despite the semantic gap. Compare, however, Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)”);\n* From Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-; compare gignō and genus;\n* A non-Indo-European substrate source. The unusual form of the word, the lack of clear cognates and the semantic category of the word make this hypothesis likely.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gemmae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gemma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gemma<1>"
},
"expansion": "gemma f (genitive gemmae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gemma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 34 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 12 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "la:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bud or eye of a plant."
],
"id": "en-gemma-la-noun-gDewtqys",
"links": [
[
"bud",
"bud"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 44 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 45 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 34 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 60 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Gems",
"orig": "la:Gems",
"parents": [
"Jewelry",
"Mineralogy",
"Clothing",
"Geology",
"Human",
"Earth sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gem, gemstone, jewel, precious stone."
],
"id": "en-gemma-la-noun-OACY3qwg",
"links": [
[
"gem",
"gem"
],
[
"gemstone",
"gemstone"
],
[
"jewel",
"jewel"
],
[
"precious stone",
"precious stone"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 44 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 45 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 34 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thing made of precious stones."
],
"id": "en-gemma-la-noun-nBE6Jrlb",
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡem.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɛmːä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒem.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ʒɛmːä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bavarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bavarian interjections",
"Bavarian lemmas",
"Bavarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bavarian verbs",
"la:Botany",
"la:Gems"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "geh"
},
"expansion": "geh",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "ma"
},
"expansion": "ma",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "mia"
},
"expansion": "mia",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "go we"
},
"expansion": "“go we”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "go we"
},
"expansion": "Literally, “go we”",
"name": "lit"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First person plural of geh + ma (unstressed form of first person plural nominative mia). Literally, “go we”.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "gemma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "geh ma"
}
],
"categories": [
"Bavarian contractions"
],
"glosses": [
"Contraction of geh ma."
],
"links": [
[
"geh",
"geh#Bavarian"
],
[
"ma",
"ma#Bavarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"contraction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡ̥ɛmɐ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "geh ma"
}
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bavarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bavarian interjections",
"Bavarian lemmas",
"Bavarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bavarian verbs",
"la:Botany",
"la:Gems"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "geh"
},
"expansion": "geh",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "ma"
},
"expansion": "ma",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "mia"
},
"expansion": "mia",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "go we"
},
"expansion": "“go we”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "go we"
},
"expansion": "Literally, “go we”",
"name": "lit"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First person plural of geh + ma (unstressed form of first person plural nominative mia). Literally, “go we”.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "gemma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bavarian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Come on, let's go! We can do this!",
"text": "Gemma, gemma! Des schåff ma!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"come on!, let's go!"
],
"links": [
[
"come on",
"come on"
],
[
"let's go",
"let's go"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡ̥ɛmɐ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "geh ma"
}
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine nouns",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms borrowed from Latin",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"la:Botany",
"la:Gems"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "gemma",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin gemma",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "gemma"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin gemma",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin gemma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gemmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "gemma f (plural gemmes)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"gem, jewel"
],
"links": [
[
"gem",
"gem"
],
[
"jewel",
"jewel"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ca:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"bud"
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"bud",
"bud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) bud"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ca:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"gemma"
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"gemma",
"gemma"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) gemma"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈʒɛm.mə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ʒem.ma]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"categories": [
"la:Botany",
"la:Gems"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gemmaceous"
},
{
"word": "gemmal"
},
{
"word": "gemmoid"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "gemma",
"t": "bud on a plant"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin gemma (“bud on a plant”)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "Gemma"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of gem and Gemma",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin gemma (“bud on a plant”). Doublet of gem and Gemma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gemmas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "gemmae"
},
"expansion": "gemma (plural gemmas or gemmae)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian terms with redundant script codes",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English learned borrowings from Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with quotations",
"English unadapted borrowings from Latin",
"en:Biology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1969, Rudolf Mathias Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume 1, Columbia University Press, page 527",
"text": "I know of no other genera with such intramarginal formation of true gemmae.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1990, Anthony John Edwin Smith, The Liverworts of Britain and Ireland, page 2",
"text": "Gemmae are frequently longer than wide or of irregular shape.\nAccording to Degenkolbe, gemmae-bearing leaves are always different in form from normal leaves.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2005, R. N. Chopra, Biology of Bryophytes, page 32",
"text": "In Marchantia polymorpha, high temperature promotes germination of gemmae (Dacknowski, 1907), and heat absorbed by the gemmae accelerates their germination (Fitting, 1942).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An asexual reproductive structure, as found in animals such as hydra (genus Hydra) and plants such as liverworts (division Marchantiophyta), consisting of a cluster of cells from which new individuals can develop; a bud."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"asexual",
"asexual#Adjective"
],
[
"reproductive",
"reproductive"
],
[
"structure",
"structure#Noun"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"hydra",
"hydra"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Hydra",
"Hydra"
],
[
"plants",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"liverwort",
"liverwort"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"Marchantiophyta",
"Marchantiophyta#Translingual"
],
[
"consist",
"consist"
],
[
"cluster",
"cluster#Noun"
],
[
"cells",
"cell#Noun"
],
[
"new",
"new#Adjective"
],
[
"individuals",
"individual#Noun"
],
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"bud",
"bud#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) An asexual reproductive structure, as found in animals such as hydra (genus Hydra) and plants such as liverworts (division Marchantiophyta), consisting of a cluster of cells from which new individuals can develop; a bud."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "gemmule"
}
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pǎpka",
"sense": "asexual reproductive structure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пъпка"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "asexual reproductive structure",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "xema"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳoḳori",
"sense": "asexual reproductive structure",
"word": "კოკორი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳvirṭi",
"sense": "asexual reproductive structure",
"word": "კვირტი"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "asexual reproductive structure",
"word": "sarjadzik"
}
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"categories": [
"la:Botany",
"la:Gems"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "gemmas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "gemmas",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gemma (plural gemmas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gemma (plural gemmas)",
"name": "ia-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"Interlingua lemmas",
"Interlingua nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"gem"
],
"links": [
[
"gem",
"gem"
]
]
}
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian undefined derivations",
"Italian verb forms",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛmma",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛmma/2 syllables",
"la:Botany",
"la:Gems"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "gemma"
},
"expansion": "Latin gemma",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin gemma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gemme",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "gemma f (plural gemme)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gèm‧ma"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "gemmare"
},
{
"word": "ingemmare"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"it:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"bud"
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"bud",
"bud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) bud"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"gem, jewel"
],
"links": [
[
"gem",
"gem"
],
[
"jewel",
"jewel"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"gem (precious or highly valued thing or person)"
],
"links": [
[
"gem",
"gem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) gem (precious or highly valued thing or person)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒɛm.ma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛmma"
}
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛmma",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛmma/2 syllables",
"la:Botany",
"la:Gems"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gemma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gèm‧ma"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of gemmare:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"gemmare",
"gemmare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of gemmare:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"gemmare",
"gemmare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒɛm.ma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛmma"
}
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"la:Botany",
"la:Gems"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gemmārius"
},
{
"word": "gemmātus"
},
{
"word": "gemmeus"
},
{
"word": "gemmifer"
},
{
"word": "gemmō"
},
{
"word": "gemmula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "xema",
"3": "ema"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: xema, ema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: xema, ema"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gemma"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: gemma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: gemma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gemme"
},
"expansion": "Danish: gemme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: gemme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gemme"
},
"expansion": "French: gemme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: gemme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "gemă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: gemă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: gemă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gemma",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: gemma (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: gemma (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "gemma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Interlingua: gemma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Interlingua: gemma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gemma"
},
"expansion": "Italian: gemma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: gemma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гемма",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: гемма (gemma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: гемма (gemma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "gema"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: gema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: gema"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "xema"
},
"expansion": "Galician: xema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: xema"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gema"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: gema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: gema"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "yema"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: yema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: yema"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "yema"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: yema\n→ Cebuano: yema\n→ Tagalog: yema",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: yema\n→ Cebuano: yema\n→ Tagalog: yema"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "gema",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: gema (learned)\n→ Catalan: gema (dialectal, Castilianism)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: gema (learned)\n→ Catalan: gema (dialectal, Castilianism)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*gimmu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *gimmu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *gimmu (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zębnǫti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žémbėti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žémbėti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵemb-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵeb-",
"3": "",
"4": "to bud, sprout"
},
"expansion": "*ǵeb- (“to bud, sprout”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵómbʰos",
"3": "*ǵembʰ-",
"4": "nail, tooth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄνυξ",
"t": "claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gen-",
"4": "",
"5": "to produce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gignō"
},
"expansion": "gignō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "genus"
},
"expansion": "genus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibilities include:\n* Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti and Lithuanian žémbėti, both meaning “to germinate, sprout”, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb- or *ǵeb- (“to bud, sprout”), though such a root would be irregular for PIE;\n* From Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”), despite the semantic gap. Compare, however, Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)”);\n* From Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-; compare gignō and genus;\n* A non-Indo-European substrate source. The unusual form of the word, the lack of clear cognates and the semantic category of the word make this hypothesis likely.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gemmae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gemma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gemma<1>"
},
"expansion": "gemma f (genitive gemmae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gemma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A bud or eye of a plant."
],
"links": [
[
"bud",
"bud"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A gem, gemstone, jewel, precious stone."
],
"links": [
[
"gem",
"gem"
],
[
"gemstone",
"gemstone"
],
[
"jewel",
"jewel"
],
[
"precious stone",
"precious stone"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A thing made of precious stones."
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡem.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɛmːä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒem.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ʒɛmːä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "gemma"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.