See gemma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "xema",
"3": "ema"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: xema, ema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: xema, ema"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gemma"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: gemma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: gemma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gemme"
},
"expansion": "Danish: gemme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: gemme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gemme"
},
"expansion": "French: gemme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: gemme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "gemă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: gemă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: gemă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gemma",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: gemma (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: gemma (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "gemma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Interlingua: gemma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Interlingua: gemma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gemma"
},
"expansion": "Italian: gemma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: gemma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гемма",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: гемма (gemma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: гемма (gemma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "gema"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: gema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: gema"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "xema"
},
"expansion": "Galician: xema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: xema"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gema"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: gema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: gema"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "yema"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: yema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: yema"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "yema"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: yema\n→ Cebuano: yema\n→ Tagalog: yema",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: yema\n→ Cebuano: yema\n→ Tagalog: yema"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "gema",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: gema (learned)\n→ Catalan: gema (dialectal, Castilianism)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: gema (learned)\n→ Catalan: gema (dialectal, Castilianism)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*gimmu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *gimmu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *gimmu (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zębnǫti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žémbėti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žémbėti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵemb-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵómbʰos",
"3": "*ǵembʰ-",
"4": "nail, tooth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄνυξ",
"t": "claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gen-",
"4": "",
"5": "to produce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibilities include:\n* Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti and Lithuanian žémbėti, both meaning “to germinate, sprout”, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb- or *ǵeb- (“to bud, sprout”), though such a root would be irregular for PIE;\n* From Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”), despite the semantic gap. Compare, however, Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)”);\n* From Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-; compare gignō and genus;\n* A non-Indo-European substrate source. The unusual form of the word, the lack of clear cognates and the semantic category of the word make this hypothesis likely.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gemmae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gemma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gemma<1>"
},
"expansion": "gemma f (genitive gemmae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gemma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A bud or eye of a plant."
],
"id": "en-gemma-la-noun-gDewtqys",
"links": [
[
"bud",
"bud"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 60 39",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Gems",
"orig": "la:Gems",
"parents": [
"Jewelry",
"Mineralogy",
"Clothing",
"Geology",
"Human",
"Earth sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gem, gemstone, jewel, precious stone."
],
"id": "en-gemma-la-noun-OACY3qwg",
"links": [
[
"gem",
"gem"
],
[
"gemstone",
"gemstone"
],
[
"jewel",
"jewel"
],
[
"precious stone",
"precious stone"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 5 2 2 22 23 2 5 4 14 2 0 4 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 6 2 2 17 18 2 6 5 17 1 0 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 31 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 34 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 60",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "la:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thing made of precious stones."
],
"id": "en-gemma-la-noun-nBE6Jrlb",
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡem.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɛmːä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒem.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ʒɛmːä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Botany",
"la:Gems"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gemmārius"
},
{
"word": "gemmātus"
},
{
"word": "gemmeus"
},
{
"word": "gemmifer"
},
{
"word": "gemmō"
},
{
"word": "gemmula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "xema",
"3": "ema"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: xema, ema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: xema, ema"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gemma"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: gemma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: gemma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gemme"
},
"expansion": "Danish: gemme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: gemme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gemme"
},
"expansion": "French: gemme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: gemme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "gemă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: gemă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: gemă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gemma",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: gemma (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: gemma (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "gemma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Interlingua: gemma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Interlingua: gemma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gemma"
},
"expansion": "Italian: gemma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: gemma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гемма",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: гемма (gemma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: гемма (gemma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "gema"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: gema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: gema"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "xema"
},
"expansion": "Galician: xema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: xema"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gema"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: gema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: gema"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "yema"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: yema",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: yema"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "yema"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: yema\n→ Cebuano: yema\n→ Tagalog: yema",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: yema\n→ Cebuano: yema\n→ Tagalog: yema"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "gema",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: gema (learned)\n→ Catalan: gema (dialectal, Castilianism)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: gema (learned)\n→ Catalan: gema (dialectal, Castilianism)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*gimmu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *gimmu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *gimmu (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zębnǫti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žémbėti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žémbėti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵemb-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵómbʰos",
"3": "*ǵembʰ-",
"4": "nail, tooth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄνυξ",
"t": "claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gen-",
"4": "",
"5": "to produce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibilities include:\n* Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti and Lithuanian žémbėti, both meaning “to germinate, sprout”, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb- or *ǵeb- (“to bud, sprout”), though such a root would be irregular for PIE;\n* From Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”), despite the semantic gap. Compare, however, Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)”);\n* From Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-; compare gignō and genus;\n* A non-Indo-European substrate source. The unusual form of the word, the lack of clear cognates and the semantic category of the word make this hypothesis likely.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gemmae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gemma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gemma<1>"
},
"expansion": "gemma f (genitive gemmae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gemma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A bud or eye of a plant."
],
"links": [
[
"bud",
"bud"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A gem, gemstone, jewel, precious stone."
],
"links": [
[
"gem",
"gem"
],
[
"gemstone",
"gemstone"
],
[
"jewel",
"jewel"
],
[
"precious stone",
"precious stone"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A thing made of precious stones."
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡem.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɛmːä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒem.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ʒɛmːä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "gemma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gemma meaning in Latin (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.