See gemma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gemmula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "xema"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "ema"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "gemma"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "gemme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "gemă"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "gemme"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "gemma"
},
{
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "gemma"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "gemma"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "gemma",
"word": "гемма"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "xema"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "gema"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "gema"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "yema"
},
{
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "yema"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "yema"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "yema"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Castilianism"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "gema"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "gema"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*gimmu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zębnǫti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žémbėti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žémbėti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵemb-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵómbʰos",
"3": "*ǵembʰ-",
"4": "nail, tooth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄνυξ",
"t": "claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gen-",
"4": "",
"5": "to produce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibilities include:\n* Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti and Lithuanian žémbėti, both meaning “to germinate, sprout”, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb- or *ǵeb- (“to bud, sprout”), though such a root would be irregular for PIE;\n* From Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”), despite the semantic gap. Compare, however, Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)”);\n* From Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-; compare gignō and genus;\n* A non-Indo-European substrate source. The unusual form of the word, the lack of clear cognates and the semantic category of the word make this hypothesis likely.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gemmae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gemma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmārum",
"links": [
[
"gemmārum",
"gemmarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmīs",
"links": [
[
"gemmīs",
"gemmis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmās",
"links": [
[
"gemmās",
"gemmas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmā",
"links": [
[
"gemmā",
"gemma#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmīs",
"links": [
[
"gemmīs",
"gemmis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gemma<1>"
},
"expansion": "gemma f (genitive gemmae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gemma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And so, at the start of spring, there emerges from those [parts of the vines] remaining — as if at the “joints” of the twigs — that which is called a bud, from which the emerging grape reveals itself.",
"ref": "106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Cato Maior de Senectute 15.53",
"text": "Itaque, ineunte vērē, in eīs quae relicta sunt exsistit — tamquam ad articulōs sarmentōrum — ea quae gemma dīcitur, ā quā oriēns ūvā sē ostendit […].",
"translation": "And so, at the start of spring, there emerges from those [parts of the vines] remaining — as if at the “joints” of the twigs — that which is called a bud, from which the emerging grape reveals itself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bud or eye of a plant."
],
"id": "en-gemma-la-noun-gDewtqys",
"links": [
[
"bud",
"bud"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A gem, gemstone, jewel, precious stone."
],
"id": "en-gemma-la-noun-OACY3qwg",
"links": [
[
"gem",
"gem"
],
[
"gemstone",
"gemstone"
],
[
"jewel",
"jewel"
],
[
"precious stone",
"precious stone"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 3 1 7 2 26 22 7 1 1 14 2 0 1 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 4 1 8 3 20 18 8 1 1 19 1 0 1 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 8 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 32 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 6 71",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "la:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 35 62",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Gems",
"orig": "la:Gems",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thing made of precious stones."
],
"id": "en-gemma-la-noun-nBE6Jrlb",
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɛm.ma]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ʒɛm.ma]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "gemma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Botany",
"la:Gems"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gemmārius"
},
{
"word": "gemmātus"
},
{
"word": "gemmeus"
},
{
"word": "gemmifer"
},
{
"word": "gemmō"
},
{
"word": "gemmula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "xema"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "ema"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "gemma"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "gemme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "gemă"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "gemme"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "gemma"
},
{
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "gemma"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "gemma"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "gemma",
"word": "гемма"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "xema"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "gema"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "gema"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "yema"
},
{
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "yema"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "yema"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "yema"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Castilianism"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "gema"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "gema"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*gimmu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zębnǫti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žémbėti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žémbėti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵemb-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵómbʰos",
"3": "*ǵembʰ-",
"4": "nail, tooth"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄνυξ",
"t": "claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gen-",
"4": "",
"5": "to produce"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibilities include:\n* Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti and Lithuanian žémbėti, both meaning “to germinate, sprout”, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb- or *ǵeb- (“to bud, sprout”), though such a root would be irregular for PIE;\n* From Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”), despite the semantic gap. Compare, however, Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)”);\n* From Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-; compare gignō and genus;\n* A non-Indo-European substrate source. The unusual form of the word, the lack of clear cognates and the semantic category of the word make this hypothesis likely.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gemmae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gemma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmārum",
"links": [
[
"gemmārum",
"gemmarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmīs",
"links": [
[
"gemmīs",
"gemmis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmās",
"links": [
[
"gemmās",
"gemmas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmā",
"links": [
[
"gemmā",
"gemma#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmīs",
"links": [
[
"gemmīs",
"gemmis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gemma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gemmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gemma<1>"
},
"expansion": "gemma f (genitive gemmae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gemma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And so, at the start of spring, there emerges from those [parts of the vines] remaining — as if at the “joints” of the twigs — that which is called a bud, from which the emerging grape reveals itself.",
"ref": "106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Cato Maior de Senectute 15.53",
"text": "Itaque, ineunte vērē, in eīs quae relicta sunt exsistit — tamquam ad articulōs sarmentōrum — ea quae gemma dīcitur, ā quā oriēns ūvā sē ostendit […].",
"translation": "And so, at the start of spring, there emerges from those [parts of the vines] remaining — as if at the “joints” of the twigs — that which is called a bud, from which the emerging grape reveals itself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bud or eye of a plant."
],
"links": [
[
"bud",
"bud"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A gem, gemstone, jewel, precious stone."
],
"links": [
[
"gem",
"gem"
],
[
"gemstone",
"gemstone"
],
[
"jewel",
"jewel"
],
[
"precious stone",
"precious stone"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A thing made of precious stones."
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɛm.ma]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ʒɛm.ma]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "gemma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gemma meaning in Latin (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.