See ge- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ge- meaning in All languages combined (26.7kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ge-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ge-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ghe-"
},
"expansion": "ghe-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "gi-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch gi-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch ge-, from Middle Dutch ge-, ghe-, from Old Dutch gi-, ge-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I have eaten the cake.",
"text": "Ek het die koek geëet"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the past participle"
],
"id": "en-ge--af-prefix-cfqKgSye",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/χə/"
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ge-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ge-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch ge-, from Middle Dutch ge-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used with a verb stem to create an uncountable noun referring to an action or its result, seen as a single collective whole."
],
"id": "en-ge--af-prefix-U~obzcDh",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/χə/"
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ge-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ghe-"
},
"expansion": "ghe-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "gi-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch gi-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "German Low German ge-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon ge-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "German ge-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġe-"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġe-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "y-"
},
"expansion": "English y-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "i-"
},
"expansion": "i-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch ge-, ghe-, from Old Dutch gi-, ge-, from Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.\nCognate with German Low German ge-, Dutch Low Saxon ge-, German ge-, Old English ġe- (obsolete English y-, i-, a-), Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "58 4 37 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used for forming the past participle."
],
"id": "en-ge--nl-prefix-TMDYyRTt",
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Forms perfective verbs from other verbs with a sense of completeness, or simply as an intensifier."
],
"id": "en-ge--nl-prefix-nl:perfective",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, no longer productive) Forms perfective verbs from other verbs with a sense of completeness, or simply as an intensifier."
],
"senseid": [
"nl:perfective"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣə/"
},
{
"ipa": "[χə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɣə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʝə]",
"tags": [
"Belgium"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xə]",
"tags": [
"Belgium"
]
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*-i"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *-i",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ją",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the prefix above with an 'empty' suffix originating from Old Dutch *-i, from Proto-Germanic *-ją.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used with a verb stem to create a neuter uncountable noun referring to an action or its result, seen as a single collective whole. Comparable to English -ing (although that forms countable nouns, as it does in Dutch)."
],
"id": "en-ge--nl-prefix-ykYeQf-B",
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣə/"
},
{
"ipa": "[χə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɣə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʝə]",
"tags": [
"Belgium"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xə]",
"tags": [
"Belgium"
]
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"See ge- -te."
],
"id": "en-ge--nl-prefix-adW3lofB",
"links": [
[
"ge- -te",
"ge- -te#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣə/"
},
{
"ipa": "[χə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɣə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʝə]",
"tags": [
"Belgium"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xə]",
"tags": [
"Belgium"
]
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "geumi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "de",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "German ge-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "German ge-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Geschwister"
},
"expansion": "Geschwister",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schwester",
"t": "sister"
},
"expansion": "Schwester (“sister”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German ge-. The German prefix is used to form collective nouns, but generally has nothing to do with gender. However, there is one word in which the force of German ge- is very similar to that in Esperanto, namely Geschwister, a plurale tantum derived from Schwester (“sister”) but meaning “siblings of either sex”. The Esperanto use might be based chiefly on this word.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto pluralia tantum",
"parents": [
"Pluralia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ge- + patro (“father”) → gepatroj (“mother(s) and father(s)”)"
},
{
"text": "ge- + frato (“brother”) → gefratoj (“sister(s) and brother(s)”)"
},
{
"text": "ge- + nepo (“grandson”) → genepoj (“granddaughter(s) and grandson(s)”)"
},
{
"text": "ge- + avo (“grandfather”) → geavoj (“grandmother(s) and grandfather(s)”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used with a plural (gendered) noun to indicate multiple genders together"
],
"id": "en-ge--eo-prefix-7kSK2Vlq",
"links": [
[
"genders",
"genders#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural only) used with a plural (gendered) noun to indicate multiple genders together"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto 1894 Universala Vortaro",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto BRO1",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 67 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "patro (“father”) → gepatroj (“parents”) → gepatro (“a parent”)"
},
{
"text": "frato (“brother”) → gefratoj (“siblings”) → gefrato (“a sibling”)"
},
{
"text": "nepo (“grandson”)→ genepoj (“grandchildren”) → genepo (“a grandchild”)"
},
{
"text": "avo (“grandfather”) → geavoj (“grandparents”) → geavo (“a grandparent”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used with a gendered noun to indicate unspecified gender"
],
"id": "en-ge--eo-prefix-BOnAfsXJ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unoffically, by extension) used with a gendered noun to indicate unspecified gender"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 29 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Words approved by the Akademio de Esperanto",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "lernejo (“school”) → gelernejo (“co-educational school”)"
},
{
"text": "ĝui (“enjoy”) → geĝui (“to have fun (in a mixed-gender group); to have (heterosexual) sex”) (jocular)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with or among mixed genders"
],
"id": "en-ge--eo-prefix-2i9tGaWk",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(unoffically, by extension, often humorous) with or among mixed genders"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"humorous",
"morpheme",
"often"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7-ge-.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-ge-.wav/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-ge-.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-ge-.wav/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-ge-.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "classifier"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Garo",
"lang_code": "grt",
"pos": "classifier",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Garo classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Garo entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"classifier for any object which does not have a special classifer for itself"
],
"id": "en-ge--grt-classifier-IO~D9hWk"
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ge-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ga-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gi-"
},
"expansion": "gi-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Low German ge-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "e-"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "je-"
},
"expansion": "je-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Ermländisch"
},
"expansion": "(Ermländisch)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "גע־"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish גע־ (ge-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ge-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġe-"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġe-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "y-"
},
"expansion": "English y-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "i-"
},
"expansion": "i-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German ge-, from Old High German ga-, gi-, from Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.\nCognate with Low German ge-, e-, je- (Ermländisch), Yiddish גע־ (ge-), Dutch ge-, Old English ġe- (obsolete English y-, i-, a-), Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 22 20 15 17 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ge- + Ader (“vein”) → Geäder (“veins collectively”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Ast (“branch”) → Geäst (“all the branches of a tree”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Berg (“mountain”) → Gebirge (“mountain range”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Busch (“bush”) → Gebüsch (“brush”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Rippe (“rib”) → Gerippe (“skeleton”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Stein (“stone”) → Gestein (“rock”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Strauch (“bush, shrub”) → Gesträuch (“shrubbery”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Wasser (“water”) → Gewässer (“body of water”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Wolke (“cloud”) → Gewölk (“cloud formation”) (modern: Wolkenformation)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms collective nouns, almost always neuter gender. Whenever possible, the root vowel is modified as well."
],
"id": "en-ge--de-prefix-eoxgABhu",
"links": [
[
"collective noun",
"collective noun#English"
],
[
"neuter",
"neuter#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 22 20 15 17 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ge- + ächzen (“groan (verb)”) → Geächze (“groan (noun)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + heulen (“to cry like a wolf”) → Geheule (“the howl of a wolf”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + reden (“talk”) → Gerede (“chatter”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + seufzen (“sigh (verb)”) → Geseufze (“sigh (noun)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms action nouns, usually with a sense of repetition or continuation. All of these nouns are neuter and have no plural."
],
"id": "en-ge--de-prefix-Q-MIbBwR",
"links": [
[
"action noun",
"action noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 22 20 15 17 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ge- + schenken (“to gift”) → Geschenk (“gift”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + legen (“to lay”) → Gelege (“clutch of eggs”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + prägen (“to stamp a coin”) → Gepräge (“the pattern on a coin”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nomina rei actae, verbal nouns that refer to the result of an action, always of neuter gender."
],
"id": "en-ge--de-prefix-ijJ4An24",
"links": [
[
"nomina rei actae",
"nomen rei actae#English"
],
[
"neuter",
"neuter#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 22 20 15 17 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ge- + schlafen (“to sleep”) → geschlafen (“slept”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + denken (“to think”) → gedacht (“thought”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + retten (“to rescue, save”) → gerettet (“rescued, saved”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms past participles in combination with a suffix -en or -(e)t. Nouns are frequently made from the past participle."
],
"id": "en-ge--de-prefix-nluyVmfw",
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#German"
],
[
"-(e)t",
"-t#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 22 20 15 17 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ge- + leiten (“to lead”) → geleiten (“to escort”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + nießen (“to use”) → genießen (“to enjoy”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Middle High German bëren (“to bear, carry”) → gebären (“to give birth”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + langen (“to reach for”) → gelangen (“to achieve”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbs with terminative aktionsart. This is hardly productive after Early New High German and outside of dialects."
],
"id": "en-ge--de-prefix-cgfxNmRr",
"links": [
[
"terminative",
"terminative#English"
],
[
"aktionsart",
"aktionsart#English"
],
[
"Early New High German",
"Early New High German#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ge- + Brüder (“brothers”) → Gebrüder (“Brothers”) For example, Gebrüder Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Fahrt (“journey”) → Gefährte (“fellow-travellers”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates association or togetherness; co-."
],
"id": "en-ge--de-prefix-3OYqTo3o",
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡə/"
},
{
"audio": "De-ge-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/De-ge-.ogg/De-ge-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/De-ge-.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "different analysis or view",
"word": "ge- -en"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "different analysis or view",
"word": "ge- -t"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "for verbs not stressed on the very first syllable",
"word": "-t"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Berlinian",
"word": "je-"
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "eo",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Esperanto ge-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "de",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "German ge-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Esperanto ge-, from German ge-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "prefix",
"sort": "ge"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ido terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "avi (“grandparents, grandfathers and/or grandmothers”) → geavi (“grandfathers and grandmothers”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prefix used with the plural to indicate both sexes together"
],
"id": "en-ge--io-prefix-66lrqHoV",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "gè-"
},
"expansion": "gè-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ge-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ghe-"
},
"expansion": "ghe-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "odt",
"3": "gi-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch gi-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gi-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gi-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "e-"
},
"expansion": "Low German e-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ge-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġe-"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġe-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier gè-, from Middle Dutch ge-, ghe-, from Old Dutch gi-, ge-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm. Cognate with Old Saxon gi- (Low German e-, ge-), Dutch ge-, Old English ġe-, Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "prefixes"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"When used in combination with the suffix -dje, forms neuter collective nouns."
],
"id": "en-ge--li-prefix-bIUuB6uZ",
"links": [
[
"-dje",
"-dje#Limburgish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 42 28 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Limburgish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 48 23 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Limburgish entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 40 23 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Limburgish intensifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"When attached to verbal nouns, forms nouns denoting repetition or continuation. All of these nouns are neuter and have no plural. For example: kalle/gekal."
],
"id": "en-ge--li-prefix-kVuGl7BK",
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"kalle",
"kalle#Limburgish"
],
[
"gekal",
"gekal#Limburgish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms past participles of verbs: wèrke/gewèrk."
],
"id": "en-ge--li-prefix-13cZIUg-",
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
],
[
"wèrke",
"wèrke#Limburgish"
],
[
"gewèrk",
"gewèrk#Limburgish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used as an intensifier for verbs. wèrke/gewèrke."
],
"id": "en-ge--li-prefix-E1hJ2YQq",
"links": [
[
"intensifier",
"intensifier#English"
],
[
"wèrke",
"wèrke#Limburgish"
],
[
"gewèrke",
"gewèrke#Limburgish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oj",
"2": "preverb forms",
"cat2": "tense/mode preverbs",
"cat3": "changed conjunct forms"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"lang_code": "oj",
"pos": "preverb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ojibwe entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ojibwe tense/mode preverbs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "da- or daa- used in the changed conjunct order"
}
],
"glosses": [
"form of da- or daa- used in the changed conjunct order"
],
"id": "en-ge--oj-preverb-Pfzgwlet",
"links": [
[
"da-",
"da-#Ojibwe"
],
[
"daa-",
"daa-#Ojibwe"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ȝe-",
"3": "i-",
"4": "y-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: ȝe-, i-, y-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: ȝe-, i-, y-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-",
"3": "y-",
"4": "i-",
"id": "ge"
},
"expansion": "English: a-, y-, i-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: a-, y-, i- (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cum",
"t": "with"
},
"expansion": "Latin cum (“with”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm. Cognate with Latin cum (“with”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ġe-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "ġe-",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ġe-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "ġe-"
},
"expansion": "ġe-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection"
],
"id": "en-ge--ang-prefix-KuLd2pE7",
"links": [
[
"intensifier",
"intensifier#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity; co-"
],
"id": "en-ge--ang-prefix-DNvNK6l6",
"links": [
[
"association",
"association#English"
],
[
"similarity",
"similarity#English"
],
[
"co-",
"co-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms nouns and verbs with the sense of \"result\" or \"process\""
],
"id": "en-ge--ang-prefix-bv5c--bn",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 11 7 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 13 8 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English intensifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs"
],
"id": "en-ge--ang-prefix-XUpOAcGc",
"links": [
[
"past participles",
"past participle#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/je/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Anglian"
],
"word": "gæ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gi-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "i-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Kentish"
],
"word": "ie-"
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "gi-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of gi-"
],
"id": "en-ge--osx-prefix-XPxztJM0",
"links": [
[
"gi-",
"gi-#Old Saxon"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans prefixes",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ge-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ge-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ghe-"
},
"expansion": "ghe-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "gi-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch gi-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch ge-, from Middle Dutch ge-, ghe-, from Old Dutch gi-, ge-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "I have eaten the cake.",
"text": "Ek het die koek geëet"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the past participle"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/χə/"
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans prefixes",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ge-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ge-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch ge-, from Middle Dutch ge-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used with a verb stem to create an uncountable noun referring to an action or its result, seen as a single collective whole."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/χə/"
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch prefixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ge-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ghe-"
},
"expansion": "ghe-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "gi-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch gi-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "German Low German ge-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon ge-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "German ge-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġe-"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġe-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "y-"
},
"expansion": "English y-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "i-"
},
"expansion": "i-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch ge-, ghe-, from Old Dutch gi-, ge-, from Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.\nCognate with German Low German ge-, Dutch Low Saxon ge-, German ge-, Old English ġe- (obsolete English y-, i-, a-), Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used for forming the past participle."
],
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms perfective verbs from other verbs with a sense of completeness, or simply as an intensifier."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, no longer productive) Forms perfective verbs from other verbs with a sense of completeness, or simply as an intensifier."
],
"senseid": [
"nl:perfective"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣə/"
},
{
"ipa": "[χə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɣə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʝə]",
"tags": [
"Belgium"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xə]",
"tags": [
"Belgium"
]
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch prefixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*-i"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *-i",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ją",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the prefix above with an 'empty' suffix originating from Old Dutch *-i, from Proto-Germanic *-ją.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used with a verb stem to create a neuter uncountable noun referring to an action or its result, seen as a single collective whole. Comparable to English -ing (although that forms countable nouns, as it does in Dutch)."
],
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣə/"
},
{
"ipa": "[χə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɣə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʝə]",
"tags": [
"Belgium"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xə]",
"tags": [
"Belgium"
]
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch prefixes",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"See ge- -te."
],
"links": [
[
"ge- -te",
"ge- -te#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣə/"
},
{
"ipa": "[χə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɣə]",
"tags": [
"Netherlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʝə]",
"tags": [
"Belgium"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xə]",
"tags": [
"Belgium"
]
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto 1894 Universala Vortaro",
"Esperanto BRO1",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto lemmas",
"Esperanto prefixes",
"Esperanto terms derived from German",
"Esperanto terms with audio links",
"Words approved by the Akademio de Esperanto"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gea"
},
{
"word": "geumi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "de",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "German ge-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "German ge-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Geschwister"
},
"expansion": "Geschwister",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schwester",
"t": "sister"
},
"expansion": "Schwester (“sister”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German ge-. The German prefix is used to form collective nouns, but generally has nothing to do with gender. However, there is one word in which the force of German ge- is very similar to that in Esperanto, namely Geschwister, a plurale tantum derived from Schwester (“sister”) but meaning “siblings of either sex”. The Esperanto use might be based chiefly on this word.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto pluralia tantum"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ge- + patro (“father”) → gepatroj (“mother(s) and father(s)”)"
},
{
"text": "ge- + frato (“brother”) → gefratoj (“sister(s) and brother(s)”)"
},
{
"text": "ge- + nepo (“grandson”) → genepoj (“granddaughter(s) and grandson(s)”)"
},
{
"text": "ge- + avo (“grandfather”) → geavoj (“grandmother(s) and grandfather(s)”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used with a plural (gendered) noun to indicate multiple genders together"
],
"links": [
[
"genders",
"genders#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural only) used with a plural (gendered) noun to indicate multiple genders together"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "patro (“father”) → gepatroj (“parents”) → gepatro (“a parent”)"
},
{
"text": "frato (“brother”) → gefratoj (“siblings”) → gefrato (“a sibling”)"
},
{
"text": "nepo (“grandson”)→ genepoj (“grandchildren”) → genepo (“a grandchild”)"
},
{
"text": "avo (“grandfather”) → geavoj (“grandparents”) → geavo (“a grandparent”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used with a gendered noun to indicate unspecified gender"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(unoffically, by extension) used with a gendered noun to indicate unspecified gender"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto humorous terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "lernejo (“school”) → gelernejo (“co-educational school”)"
},
{
"text": "ĝui (“enjoy”) → geĝui (“to have fun (in a mixed-gender group); to have (heterosexual) sex”) (jocular)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with or among mixed genders"
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(unoffically, by extension, often humorous) with or among mixed genders"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"humorous",
"morpheme",
"often"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7-ge-.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-ge-.wav/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-ge-.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-ge-.wav/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-ge-.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "classifier"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Garo",
"lang_code": "grt",
"pos": "classifier",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Garo classifiers",
"Garo entries with incorrect language header",
"Garo lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"classifier for any object which does not have a special classifer for itself"
]
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German prefixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ge-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ga-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gi-"
},
"expansion": "gi-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Low German ge-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "e-"
},
"expansion": "e-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "je-"
},
"expansion": "je-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Ermländisch"
},
"expansion": "(Ermländisch)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "גע־"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish גע־ (ge-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ge-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġe-"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġe-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "y-"
},
"expansion": "English y-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "i-"
},
"expansion": "i-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German ge-, from Old High German ga-, gi-, from Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.\nCognate with Low German ge-, e-, je- (Ermländisch), Yiddish גע־ (ge-), Dutch ge-, Old English ġe- (obsolete English y-, i-, a-), Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ge- + Ader (“vein”) → Geäder (“veins collectively”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Ast (“branch”) → Geäst (“all the branches of a tree”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Berg (“mountain”) → Gebirge (“mountain range”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Busch (“bush”) → Gebüsch (“brush”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Rippe (“rib”) → Gerippe (“skeleton”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Stein (“stone”) → Gestein (“rock”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Strauch (“bush, shrub”) → Gesträuch (“shrubbery”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Wasser (“water”) → Gewässer (“body of water”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Wolke (“cloud”) → Gewölk (“cloud formation”) (modern: Wolkenformation)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms collective nouns, almost always neuter gender. Whenever possible, the root vowel is modified as well."
],
"links": [
[
"collective noun",
"collective noun#English"
],
[
"neuter",
"neuter#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ge- + ächzen (“groan (verb)”) → Geächze (“groan (noun)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + heulen (“to cry like a wolf”) → Geheule (“the howl of a wolf”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + reden (“talk”) → Gerede (“chatter”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + seufzen (“sigh (verb)”) → Geseufze (“sigh (noun)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms action nouns, usually with a sense of repetition or continuation. All of these nouns are neuter and have no plural."
],
"links": [
[
"action noun",
"action noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ge- + schenken (“to gift”) → Geschenk (“gift”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + legen (“to lay”) → Gelege (“clutch of eggs”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + prägen (“to stamp a coin”) → Gepräge (“the pattern on a coin”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nomina rei actae, verbal nouns that refer to the result of an action, always of neuter gender."
],
"links": [
[
"nomina rei actae",
"nomen rei actae#English"
],
[
"neuter",
"neuter#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ge- + schlafen (“to sleep”) → geschlafen (“slept”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + denken (“to think”) → gedacht (“thought”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + retten (“to rescue, save”) → gerettet (“rescued, saved”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms past participles in combination with a suffix -en or -(e)t. Nouns are frequently made from the past participle."
],
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#German"
],
[
"-(e)t",
"-t#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ge- + leiten (“to lead”) → geleiten (“to escort”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + nießen (“to use”) → genießen (“to enjoy”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Middle High German bëren (“to bear, carry”) → gebären (“to give birth”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + langen (“to reach for”) → gelangen (“to achieve”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbs with terminative aktionsart. This is hardly productive after Early New High German and outside of dialects."
],
"links": [
[
"terminative",
"terminative#English"
],
[
"aktionsart",
"aktionsart#English"
],
[
"Early New High German",
"Early New High German#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ge- + Brüder (“brothers”) → Gebrüder (“Brothers”) For example, Gebrüder Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ge- + Fahrt (“journey”) → Gefährte (“fellow-travellers”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates association or togetherness; co-."
],
"links": [
[
"co-",
"co-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡə/"
},
{
"audio": "De-ge-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/De-ge-.ogg/De-ge-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/De-ge-.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "different analysis or view",
"word": "ge- -en"
},
{
"english": "different analysis or view",
"word": "ge- -t"
},
{
"english": "for verbs not stressed on the very first syllable",
"word": "-t"
},
{
"alt": "Berlinian",
"word": "je-"
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "eo",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Esperanto ge-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "de",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "German ge-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Esperanto ge-, from German ge-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "prefix",
"sort": "ge"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"Ido lemmas",
"Ido prefixes",
"Ido terms derived from Esperanto",
"Ido terms derived from German",
"Ido terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "avi (“grandparents, grandfathers and/or grandmothers”) → geavi (“grandfathers and grandmothers”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prefix used with the plural to indicate both sexes together"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Limburgish entries with incorrect language header",
"Limburgish entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Limburgish intensifiers",
"Limburgish lemmas",
"Limburgish prefixes",
"Limburgish terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Limburgish terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Limburgish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Limburgish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Limburgish terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Limburgish terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Limburgish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "gè-"
},
"expansion": "gè-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ge-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ghe-"
},
"expansion": "ghe-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "odt",
"3": "gi-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch gi-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gi-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gi-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "e-"
},
"expansion": "Low German e-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ge-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ge-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġe-"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġe-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier gè-, from Middle Dutch ge-, ghe-, from Old Dutch gi-, ge-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm. Cognate with Old Saxon gi- (Low German e-, ge-), Dutch ge-, Old English ġe-, Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "prefixes"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"When used in combination with the suffix -dje, forms neuter collective nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"-dje",
"-dje#Limburgish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"When attached to verbal nouns, forms nouns denoting repetition or continuation. All of these nouns are neuter and have no plural. For example: kalle/gekal."
],
"links": [
[
"verbal noun",
"verbal noun#English"
],
[
"kalle",
"kalle#Limburgish"
],
[
"gekal",
"gekal#Limburgish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms past participles of verbs: wèrke/gewèrk."
],
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
],
[
"wèrke",
"wèrke#Limburgish"
],
[
"gewèrk",
"gewèrk#Limburgish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used as an intensifier for verbs. wèrke/gewèrke."
],
"links": [
[
"intensifier",
"intensifier#English"
],
[
"wèrke",
"wèrke#Limburgish"
],
[
"gewèrke",
"gewèrke#Limburgish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oj",
"2": "preverb forms",
"cat2": "tense/mode preverbs",
"cat3": "changed conjunct forms"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"lang_code": "oj",
"pos": "preverb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ojibwe changed conjunct forms",
"Ojibwe entries with incorrect language header",
"Ojibwe preverb forms",
"Ojibwe tense/mode preverbs"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "da- or daa- used in the changed conjunct order"
}
],
"glosses": [
"form of da- or daa- used in the changed conjunct order"
],
"links": [
[
"da-",
"da-#Ojibwe"
],
[
"daa-",
"daa-#Ojibwe"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English intensifiers",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English prefixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ȝe-",
"3": "i-",
"4": "y-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: ȝe-, i-, y-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: ȝe-, i-, y-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-",
"3": "y-",
"4": "i-",
"id": "ge"
},
"expansion": "English: a-, y-, i-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: a-, y-, i- (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cum",
"t": "with"
},
"expansion": "Latin cum (“with”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm. Cognate with Latin cum (“with”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ġe-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "ġe-",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ġe-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "ġe-"
},
"expansion": "ġe-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection"
],
"links": [
[
"intensifier",
"intensifier#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity; co-"
],
"links": [
[
"association",
"association#English"
],
[
"similarity",
"similarity#English"
],
[
"co-",
"co-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms nouns and verbs with the sense of \"result\" or \"process\""
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"past participles",
"past participle#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/je/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Anglian"
],
"word": "gæ-"
},
{
"word": "gi-"
},
{
"word": "i-"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kentish"
],
"word": "ie-"
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ge-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "gi-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon prefixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of gi-"
],
"links": [
[
"gi-",
"gi-#Old Saxon"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ge-"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: unoffically, by extension",
"path": [
"ge-"
],
"section": "Esperanto",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ge-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: unoffically, by extension",
"path": [
"ge-"
],
"section": "Esperanto",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ge-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: unoffically, by extension, often humorous",
"path": [
"ge-"
],
"section": "Esperanto",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ge-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: unoffically, by extension, often humorous",
"path": [
"ge-"
],
"section": "Esperanto",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ge-",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.