See foss on Wiktionary
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{
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{
"word": "fossefall"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"word": "fosskoka"
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{
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{
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{
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{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*uɸostos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *uɸostos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*upo-sth₂-ós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *upo-sth₂-ós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*upó",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "*-ós",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "under",
"t2": "to stand",
"t3": "agent suffix"
},
"expansion": "*upó (“under”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-ós (“agent suffix”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwas",
"t": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwas (“servant”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *uɸostos, from Proto-Indo-European *upo-sth₂-ós, from *upó (“under”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-ós (“agent suffix”). Cognate to Welsh gwas (“servant”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foiss",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "foiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fossu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "fossu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fossaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "fossaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "foiss",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "foss m (genitive foiss)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "foiss"
},
"expansion": "foss m (genitive foiss)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "foiss"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "foss+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "fossu+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "foss+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "fossaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "fossaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "foss+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "foss",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "foss+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "foiss+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "foss+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "foiss+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "foss",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "foss+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "fossu+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "foiss",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"servant"
],
"id": "en-foss-sga-noun-KVryxVxx",
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "foss"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "fos"
},
"expansion": "Irish: fos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: fos"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wostos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wostos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wes-",
"t": "to stay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to stay”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "gwas",
"t": "abode"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh gwas (“abode”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *wostos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to stay”). Cognate to Middle Welsh gwas (“abode”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foiss",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "foiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fossu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "fossu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fossaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "fossaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ḟoss",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "foiss",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "foss m (genitive foiss)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "foiss"
},
"expansion": "foss m (genitive foiss)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "foiss"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "foss+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "fossu+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "foss+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "fossaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "fossaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "foss+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "foss",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "foss+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "foiss+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "foss+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "foiss+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "foss",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "foss+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "fossu+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "foiss",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 16 3 5 9 15 12 13 4 16 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 1 1 13 20 21 21 2 10 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 1 1 12 18 20 20 1 14 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rest, halt, the state of not being in motion"
],
"id": "en-foss-sga-noun-gj8SLV1P",
"links": [
[
"rest",
"rest"
],
[
"halt",
"halt"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"perseverance"
],
"id": "en-foss-sga-noun-SQyj7VgR",
"links": [
[
"perseverance",
"perseverance"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "foss"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Icelandic",
"English terms borrowed from Norwegian",
"English terms derived from Icelandic",
"English terms derived from Norwegian",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Waterfalls"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fosses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "foss (plural fosses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "fosse"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of fosse."
],
"links": [
[
"fosse",
"fosse#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɑs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fɔs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fɒs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-foss.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foss.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foss.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "foss"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Icelandic",
"English terms borrowed from Norwegian",
"English terms derived from Icelandic",
"English terms derived from Norwegian",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Waterfalls"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "is",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "no",
"3": "foss"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian foss",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "fors",
"t": "waterfall"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fors (“waterfall”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "force",
"t1": "waterfall"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of force (“waterfall”)",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Icelandic or Norwegian foss, both from Old Norse fors (“waterfall”). Doublet of force (“waterfall”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fosses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "foss (plural fosses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Northern England English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2017, Benjamin Myers, The Gallows Pole, Bloomsbury, published 2019, page 101:",
"text": "Another of his flock was spotted garrotted, one found twisted and drowned at the bottom of a foss and a third split cleanly from scut to teeth.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A waterfall."
],
"links": [
[
"waterfall",
"waterfall"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England) A waterfall."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɔs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "foss"
}
{
"categories": [
"Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"Faroese non-lemma forms",
"Faroese noun forms",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Faroese/ɔsː"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "foss",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fossur"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite accusative singular of fossur"
],
"links": [
[
"fossur",
"fossur#Faroese"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fossur"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite genitive singular of fossur"
],
"links": [
[
"fossur",
"fossur#Faroese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɔsː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔsː"
}
],
"word": "foss"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "fosik",
"3": "-j",
"nocat": "y"
},
"expansion": "fosik + -j",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "fosik + -j",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fossál",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "foss",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"foss"
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian non-lemma forms",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hungarian verb forms",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/oʃː",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/oʃː/1 syllable"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fosik"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular subjunctive present indefinite of fosik"
],
"links": [
[
"fosik",
"fosik#Hungarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfoʃː]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oʃː"
}
],
"word": "foss"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foss",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: foss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: foss"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "non",
"3": "fors",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fors",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "non",
"3": "fors"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Norse fors",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "fossur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese fossur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "fors"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian fors",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fos",
"3": "fors"
},
"expansion": "Danish fors",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fors"
},
"expansion": "Swedish fors",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "force"
},
"expansion": "English force",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vorsch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German vorsch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrn",
"2": "fors"
},
"expansion": "Norn fors",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse fors.\nCognates: Faroese fossur, Norwegian fors, Danish fors, Swedish fors, English force (in the sense of a waterfall), Middle Low German vorsch and Norn fors.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foss",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fossar",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fossinn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fossar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fossarnir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fossinn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fossa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fossana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fossi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fossinum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fossum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fossunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fossins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fossa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fossanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fors",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "@@"
},
"expansion": "foss m (genitive singular foss, nominative plural fossar)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "is-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic 1-syllable words",
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic masculine nouns",
"Icelandic nouns",
"Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse",
"Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Icelandic terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Icelandic/ɔsː",
"Rhymes:Icelandic/ɔsː/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"a waterfall (permanent flow of water over the edge of a cliff)"
],
"links": [
[
"waterfall",
"waterfall"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"is:foss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɔsː/"
},
{
"ipa": "[fɔs̠ː]",
"tags": [
"Iceland",
"Northern",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔsː"
}
],
"word": "foss"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "fosse"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foss",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: foss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: foss"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "da",
"3": "fos"
},
"expansion": "Danish fos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "no",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "foss"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse foss",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fursaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fursaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Danish fos, revived through Norwegian foss, from Old Norse foss, fors, from Proto-Germanic *fursaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fossen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fosser",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fossene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms borrowed from Norwegian",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Danish",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Norwegian",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Danish",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"a waterfall"
],
"links": [
[
"waterfall",
"waterfall"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"no:foss"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fossefall"
},
{
"word": "vannfall"
},
{
"word": "vassfall"
}
],
"word": "foss"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "fossa"
},
{
"word": "fossebrus"
},
{
"word": "fossedrev"
},
{
"word": "fossedur"
},
{
"word": "fossefall"
},
{
"word": "fossegrim"
},
{
"word": "fossekall"
},
{
"word": "fossekraft"
},
{
"word": "fosseskum"
},
{
"word": "fossestryk"
},
{
"word": "fossestup"
},
{
"word": "fosskoka"
},
{
"word": "fossregna"
},
{
"word": "fossro"
},
{
"word": "Ulefoss"
},
{
"word": "åfoss"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foss",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: foss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: foss"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pers-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "fors"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fors",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fursaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fursaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse fors, foss, from Proto-Germanic *fursaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fossen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fossar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fossane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fors",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "førs",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "føss",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas",
"Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pers-",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"a waterfall"
],
"links": [
[
"waterfall",
"waterfall"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fossefall"
},
{
"word": "vassfall"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"nn:foss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fosː/"
},
{
"ipa": "[fɞ̞sː]"
}
],
"word": "foss"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*uɸostos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *uɸostos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*upo-sth₂-ós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *upo-sth₂-ós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*upó",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "*-ós",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "under",
"t2": "to stand",
"t3": "agent suffix"
},
"expansion": "*upó (“under”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-ós (“agent suffix”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwas",
"t": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwas (“servant”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *uɸostos, from Proto-Indo-European *upo-sth₂-ós, from *upó (“under”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-ós (“agent suffix”). Cognate to Welsh gwas (“servant”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foiss",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "foiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fossu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "fossu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fossaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "fossaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "foiss",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "foss m (genitive foiss)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "foiss"
},
"expansion": "foss m (genitive foiss)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "foiss"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "foss+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "fossu+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "foss+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "fossaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "fossaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "foss+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "foss",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "foss+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "foiss+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "foss+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "foiss+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "foss",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "foss+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "fossu+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "foiss",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"servant"
],
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "foss"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "fos"
},
"expansion": "Irish: fos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: fos"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wostos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wostos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wes-",
"t": "to stay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to stay”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "gwas",
"t": "abode"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh gwas (“abode”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *wostos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to stay”). Cognate to Middle Welsh gwas (“abode”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foiss",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "foiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fossu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "fossu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foiss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fossaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "fossaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ḟoss",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "foss",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "foiss",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "foss m (genitive foiss)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "foiss"
},
"expansion": "foss m (genitive foiss)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "foiss"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "foss+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "fossu+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "foss+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "fossaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "fossaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "foss+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "foss",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "foss+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "foiss+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "foss+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "foiss+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "foss",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "foss+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "fossu+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "foiss",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rest, halt, the state of not being in motion"
],
"links": [
[
"rest",
"rest"
],
[
"halt",
"halt"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"perseverance"
],
"links": [
[
"perseverance",
"perseverance"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "foss"
}
Download raw JSONL data for foss meaning in All languages combined (23.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: foss/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"foss"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "foss",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"foss"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "foss",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"foss"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "foss",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for foss",
"path": [
"foss"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "foss",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.