"foss" meaning in Old Irish

See foss in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *uɸostos, from Proto-Indo-European *upo-sth₂-ós, from *upó (“under”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-ós (“agent suffix”). Cognate to Welsh gwas (“servant”). Etymology templates: {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*uɸostos}} Proto-Celtic *uɸostos, {{der|sga|ine-pro||*upo-sth₂-ós}} Proto-Indo-European *upo-sth₂-ós, {{af|ine-pro|*upó|*steh₂-|*-ós|nocat=1|t1=under|t2=to stand|t3=agent suffix}} *upó (“under”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-ós (“agent suffix”), {{cog|cy|gwas|t=servant}} Welsh gwas (“servant”) Head templates: {{head|sga|noun|||genitive|foiss||||||||{{{3}}}||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|altform=|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} foss m (genitive foiss), {{sga-noun|m|foiss}} foss m (genitive foiss) Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-o-masc|foiss}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=foss+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=fossu+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=foss+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=o-m|dat_du=fossaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=fossaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=foss+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=foss|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=foss+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_pl4=|gen_sg=foiss+L|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=foss+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=foiss+L|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=foss|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=foss+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=fossu+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=foiss|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}} Forms: foiss [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], foss [nominative, singular], foss [dual, nominative], foiss [nominative, plural], foiss [singular, vocative], foss [dual, vocative], fossu [plural, vocative], foss [accusative, singular], foss [accusative, dual], fossu [accusative, plural], foiss [genitive, singular], foss [dual, genitive], foss [genitive, plural], foss [dative, singular], fossaib [dative, dual], fossaib [dative, plural]
  1. servant Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-foss-sga-noun-KVryxVxx
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *wostos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to stay”). Cognate to Middle Welsh gwas (“abode”). Etymology templates: {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*wostos}} Proto-Celtic *wostos, {{der|sga|ine-pro|*h₂wes-|t=to stay}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to stay”), {{cog|wlm|gwas|t=abode}} Middle Welsh gwas (“abode”) Head templates: {{head|sga|noun|||genitive|foiss||||||||{{{3}}}||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|altform=|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} foss m (genitive foiss), {{sga-noun|m|foiss}} foss m (genitive foiss) Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-o-masc|foiss}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=foss+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=fossu+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=foss+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=o-m|dat_du=fossaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=fossaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=foss+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=foss|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=foss+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_pl4=|gen_sg=foiss+L|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=foss+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=foiss+L|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=foss|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=foss+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=fossu+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=foiss|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}} Forms: foiss [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], foss [nominative, singular], foss [dual, nominative], foiss [nominative, plural], foiss [singular, vocative], foss [dual, vocative], fossu [plural, vocative], foss [accusative, singular], foss [accusative, dual], fossu [accusative, plural], foiss [genitive, singular], foss [dual, genitive], foss [genitive, plural], foss [dative, singular], fossaib [dative, dual], fossaib [dative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], foss [error-unrecognized-form], ḟoss [error-unrecognized-form], foss
  1. rest, halt, the state of not being in motion Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-foss-sga-noun-gj8SLV1P Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 4 19 2 2 7 19 12 12 5 17 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 10 0 0 13 18 21 21 1 13 0
  2. perseverance Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-foss-sga-noun-SQyj7VgR
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*uɸostos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *uɸostos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*upo-sth₂-ós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *upo-sth₂-ós",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*upó",
        "3": "*steh₂-",
        "4": "*-ós",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "under",
        "t2": "to stand",
        "t3": "agent suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "*upó (“under”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-ós (“agent suffix”)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwas",
        "t": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwas (“servant”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *uɸostos, from Proto-Indo-European *upo-sth₂-ós, from *upó (“under”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-ós (“agent suffix”). Cognate to Welsh gwas (“servant”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "foiss",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foiss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foiss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fossu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fossu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foiss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fossaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fossaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "foiss",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "altform": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "foss m (genitive foiss)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "foiss"
      },
      "expansion": "foss m (genitive foiss)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "foiss"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "foss+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "fossu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "foss+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "fossaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "fossaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "foss+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "foss",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "foss+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "foiss+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "foss+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "foiss+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "foss",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "foss+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "fossu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "foiss",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "servant"
      ],
      "id": "en-foss-sga-noun-KVryxVxx",
      "links": [
        [
          "servant",
          "servant"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "foss"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "fos"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: fos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: fos"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*wostos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wostos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂wes-",
        "t": "to stay"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to stay”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "gwas",
        "t": "abode"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh gwas (“abode”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *wostos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to stay”). Cognate to Middle Welsh gwas (“abode”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "foiss",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foiss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foiss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fossu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fossu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foiss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fossaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fossaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḟoss",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "mutation"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "foiss",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "altform": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "foss m (genitive foiss)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "foiss"
      },
      "expansion": "foss m (genitive foiss)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "foiss"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "foss+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "fossu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "foss+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "fossaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "fossaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "foss+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "foss",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "foss+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "foiss+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "foss+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "foiss+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "foss",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "foss+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "fossu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "foiss",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 19 2 2 7 19 12 12 5 17 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 10 0 0 13 18 21 21 1 13 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rest, halt, the state of not being in motion"
      ],
      "id": "en-foss-sga-noun-gj8SLV1P",
      "links": [
        [
          "rest",
          "rest"
        ],
        [
          "halt",
          "halt"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "perseverance"
      ],
      "id": "en-foss-sga-noun-SQyj7VgR",
      "links": [
        [
          "perseverance",
          "perseverance"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "foss"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish masculine nouns",
    "Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*uɸostos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *uɸostos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*upo-sth₂-ós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *upo-sth₂-ós",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*upó",
        "3": "*steh₂-",
        "4": "*-ós",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "under",
        "t2": "to stand",
        "t3": "agent suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "*upó (“under”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-ós (“agent suffix”)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwas",
        "t": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwas (“servant”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *uɸostos, from Proto-Indo-European *upo-sth₂-ós, from *upó (“under”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-ós (“agent suffix”). Cognate to Welsh gwas (“servant”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "foiss",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foiss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foiss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fossu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fossu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foiss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fossaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fossaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "foiss",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "altform": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "foss m (genitive foiss)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "foiss"
      },
      "expansion": "foss m (genitive foiss)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "foiss"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "foss+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "fossu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "foss+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "fossaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "fossaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "foss+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "foss",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "foss+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "foiss+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "foss+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "foiss+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "foss",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "foss+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "fossu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "foiss",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "servant"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "servant",
          "servant"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "foss"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish masculine nouns",
    "Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "fos"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: fos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: fos"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*wostos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wostos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂wes-",
        "t": "to stay"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to stay”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "gwas",
        "t": "abode"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh gwas (“abode”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *wostos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to stay”). Cognate to Middle Welsh gwas (“abode”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "foiss",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foiss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foiss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fossu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fossu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foiss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fossaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fossaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḟoss",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foss",
      "source": "mutation"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "foiss",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "altform": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "foss m (genitive foiss)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "foiss"
      },
      "expansion": "foss m (genitive foiss)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "foiss"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "foss+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "fossu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "foss+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "fossaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "fossaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "foss+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "foss",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "foss+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "foiss+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "foss+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "foiss+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "foss",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "foss+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "fossu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "foiss",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rest, halt, the state of not being in motion"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rest",
          "rest"
        ],
        [
          "halt",
          "halt"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "perseverance"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perseverance",
          "perseverance"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "foss"
}

Download raw JSONL data for foss meaning in Old Irish (8.3kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: foss/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "foss"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "foss",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
  "path": [
    "foss"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "foss",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
  "path": [
    "foss"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "foss",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/1826",
  "msg": "inflection table: empty tags for foss",
  "path": [
    "foss"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "foss",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.