See fermion on Wiktionary
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"ref": "1994, István Montvay, Gernot Münster, Quantum Fields on a Lattice, Cambridge University Press, page 208:",
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"ref": "1996, Georg G. Raffelt, Stars as Laboratories for Fundamental Physics, University of Chicago Press, page 253:",
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"ref": "2023 July 6, Jennifer Chu, “MIT physicists generate the first snapshots of fermion pairs”, in MIT News:",
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},
{
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},
{
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],
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},
{
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},
{
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"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Fermions"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"with integer spin"
],
"tags": [
"particle"
],
"word": "boson"
},
{
"word": "Fermi-Dirac statistics"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "antifermion"
},
{
"word": "cofermion"
},
{
"word": "difermion"
},
{
"word": "Dirac fermion"
},
{
"word": "fermionic"
},
{
"word": "fermionically"
},
{
"word": "fermionization"
},
{
"word": "fermionize"
},
{
"word": "fermiophobic"
},
{
"word": "heavy fermion"
},
{
"word": "Majorana fermion"
},
{
"word": "multifermion"
},
{
"word": "parafermion"
},
{
"word": "pseudofermion"
},
{
"word": "sfermion"
},
{
"word": "skyrmion"
},
{
"word": "superfermion"
},
{
"word": "technifermion"
},
{
"word": "Weyl fermion"
}
],
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"args": {
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"2": "Fermi",
"3": "on"
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"expansion": "Fermi + -on",
"name": "suffix"
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{
"args": {
"1": "physicist",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "physicist",
"name": "named-after/list"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "|",
"name": "!"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Enrico Fermi"
},
"expansion": "Enrico Fermi",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Enrico Fermi",
"nat": "Italian-American",
"occ": "physicist",
"wplink": "Enrico Fermi"
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"expansion": "Named after Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi",
"name": "named-after"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Paul Dirac",
"in": "1945",
"nat": "English",
"occ": "physicist"
},
"expansion": "Coined by English physicist Paul Dirac in 1945",
"name": "coin"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Fermi + -on. Named after Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi. Coined by English physicist Paul Dirac in 1945 in a lecture titled \"Developments in Atomic Theory\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fermions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fermion (plural fermions)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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{
"word": "baryon"
},
{
"word": "lepton"
},
{
"word": "quark"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "fermionic field"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Particle physics"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The fermions treated by the Standard Model are the (composite) baryons and the (elementary) leptons and quarks.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "According to the spin–statistics theorem, the wavefunction of a system of identical fermions (particles of half-integer spin) is antisymmetric under the operation of swapping any two particles.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1994, István Montvay, Gernot Münster, Quantum Fields on a Lattice, Cambridge University Press, page 208:",
"text": "A remarkable feature of lattice regularization is the appearance of several fermion species per fermion field in the lattice action.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Georges Bouzerar, Didier Poilblanc, “Persistent Currents in Interacting Electronic Systems”, in T. Martin, G. Montambaux, J. Trân Thanh Vân, editors, Correlated Fermions and Transport in Mesoscopic Systems, Editions Frontieres, page 149:",
"text": "For 2D systems, going beyond first order pertu[r]bative calculations, we show that the second harmonic of the current is strongly suppressed in the case of spinless fermion models but significantly enhanced for the Hubbard model.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Georg G. Raffelt, Stars as Laboratories for Fundamental Physics, University of Chicago Press, page 253:",
"text": "It is not known whether the Higgs mechanism is the true source for the masses of the fundamental fermions.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 July 6, Jennifer Chu, “MIT physicists generate the first snapshots of fermion pairs”, in MIT News:",
"text": "The snapshots were taken by MIT physicists and are the first images that directly capture the pairing of fermions — a major class of particles that includes electrons, as well as protons, neutrons, and certain types of atoms.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any elementary or composite particle that has half-integer spin and thus obeys Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle (equivalently, a particle for which the wavefunction of any system of identical such particles changes sign whenever two are swapped); a baryon, a lepton or a quark;"
],
"links": [
[
"particle physics",
"particle physics"
],
[
"Standard Model",
"Standard Model"
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[
"elementary",
"elementary"
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[
"composite",
"composite"
],
[
"particle",
"particle"
],
[
"spin",
"spin"
],
[
"Pauli exclusion principle",
"Pauli exclusion principle"
],
[
"wavefunction",
"wavefunction"
],
[
"baryon",
"baryon"
],
[
"lepton",
"lepton"
],
[
"quark",
"quark"
]
],
"qualifier": "Standard Model",
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"(particle physics, Standard Model) Any elementary or composite particle that has half-integer spin and thus obeys Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle (equivalently, a particle for which the wavefunction of any system of identical such particles changes sign whenever two are swapped); a baryon, a lepton or a quark;"
],
"tags": [
"particle"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Particle physics"
],
"glosses": [
"Any elementary or composite particle that has half-integer spin and thus obeys Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle (equivalently, a particle for which the wavefunction of any system of identical such particles changes sign whenever two are swapped); a baryon, a lepton or a quark;\n(slightly more loosely) any such particle or any composite particle composed of fermions.",
"any such particle or any composite particle composed of fermions."
],
"links": [
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"particle physics"
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[
"Standard Model",
"Standard Model"
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"elementary"
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"qualifier": "Standard Model; slightly more loosely",
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"(particle physics, Standard Model) Any elementary or composite particle that has half-integer spin and thus obeys Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle (equivalently, a particle for which the wavefunction of any system of identical such particles changes sign whenever two are swapped); a baryon, a lepton or a quark;"
],
"tags": [
"particle"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɜːmɪɒn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fermion.wav",
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}
],
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:fermion",
"word": "fermion"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"word": "فرميون"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "fermion",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"word": "ֆերմիոն"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"word": "fermioi"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "pharmiẏon",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"word": "ফার্মিয়ন"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fermió"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fèimǐzǐ",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"word": "费米子"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fermion"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fermion"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fermion"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"word": "fermiono"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"word": "fermioni"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fermion"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Fermion"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"word": "fermion"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"word": "fermiono"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fermione"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ferumi ryūshi",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"word": "フェルミ粒子"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ferumion",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"word": "フェルミオン"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "fɨɨmiiyion",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"word": "ផ្វឺរមីយាណូ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "fermion",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "фермион"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fermion"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fermion"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "fermiyon",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"word": "فرمیون"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fermion"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Brazilian Portuguese",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "férmion"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "European Portuguese",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fermião"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fermión",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фермио́н"
},
{
"code": "sh",
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"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "фермион"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "fermion"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fermion"
},
{
"code": "es",
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"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fermión"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"word": "fermion"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states",
"word": "fermiyon"
}
],
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"French entries with incorrect language header",
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"French nouns",
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"physics"
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"fermion#English"
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],
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],
"tags": [
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],
"topics": [
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"physical-sciences",
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]
}
],
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},
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},
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},
{
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]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"Polish nouns",
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"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
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"Rhymes:Polish/ɛrmjɔn/2 syllables",
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"pl:Particle physics"
],
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"physical-sciences",
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{
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermionii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermion",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermionului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermioni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermionilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermionule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fermionilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "fermioni"
},
"expansion": "fermion m (plural fermioni)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gpd": "fermionilor",
"gpi": "fermioni",
"gsd": "fermionului",
"gsi": "fermion",
"n": "",
"npd": "fermionii",
"npi": "fermioni",
"nsd": "fermionul",
"nsi": "fermion",
"vp": "fermionilor",
"vs": "fermionule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian masculine nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms borrowed from English",
"Romanian terms derived from English"
],
"glosses": [
"fermion"
],
"links": [
[
"fermion",
"fermion#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "fermion"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fermion meaning in All languages combined (21.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive-dative'",
"path": [
"fermion"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "fermion",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.