"fermer" meaning in All languages combined

See fermer on Wiktionary

Verb [French]

IPA: /fɛʁ.me/ Audio: Fr-fermer.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”), Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|fro|fermer||to close|g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old French fermer (“to close”), {{inh+|fr|fro|fermer||to close}} Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”), {{der|fr|la|firmo|firmāre|t=make firm, confirm}} Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”) Head templates: {{fr-verb}} fermer Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], fermer [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], fermant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], fermé [participle, past], ferme [first-person, indicative, present, singular], fermes [indicative, present, second-person, singular], ferme [indicative, present, singular, third-person], fermons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], fermez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], ferment [indicative, plural, present, third-person], fermais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], fermais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], fermait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], fermions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], fermiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], fermaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], fermai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], fermas [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], ferma [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], fermâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], fermâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], fermèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], fermerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], fermeras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], fermera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], fermerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], fermerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], fermeront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], fermerais [conditional, first-person, singular], fermerais [conditional, second-person, singular], fermerait [conditional, singular, third-person], fermerions [conditional, first-person, plural], fermeriez [conditional, plural, second-person], fermeraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], ferme [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], fermes [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], ferme [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], fermions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], fermiez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], ferment [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], fermasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], fermasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], fermât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], fermassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], fermassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], fermassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], ferme [imperative, second-person, singular], fermons [first-person, imperative, plural], fermez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. (transitive) to shut Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-8a7XPEei Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 22 4 4 8 7 15 15 13 4 10 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 13 6 6 12 11 14 13 12 6 9
  2. (transitive) to close Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-zpwyn4Fc
  3. (reflexive) to close Tags: reflexive
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-zpwyn4Fc1
  4. to do up (of clothing)
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-ngdTy2LW Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 13 6 6 12 11 14 13 12 6 9
  5. to switch off, to turn off (of a device or an appliance)
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-uFMyGCoI Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 13 6 6 12 11 14 13 12 6 9
  6. to shut down, to discontinue, to axe (of a service)
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-qub1Mxgk Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 13 6 6 12 11 14 13 12 6 9
  7. to bind off (of stitches in knitting)
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-nYbASTGI Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -er, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 13 6 6 12 11 14 13 12 6 9 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 10 6 6 14 12 13 17 9 6 8 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 10 6 6 13 12 13 17 9 6 8
  8. (intransitive) to harden (of someone's face) Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-HfZ6Y3yD Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 13 6 6 12 11 14 13 12 6 9
  9. (transitive) to put someone off something, to turn someone off something Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-XjyPffAx
  10. (transitive) to mark the border of Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-O6WboHpQ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: fermeture
Derived forms: ferme ta gueule, fermer à clé, fermer à clef, fermer boutique, fermer la marche, fermer les yeux, fermer sa gueule, la ferme, la fermer, les yeux fermés, ne pas fermer l’œil, refermer

Verb [Old French]

Etymology: From Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm”). Etymology templates: {{inh|fro|la|firmō|firmāre|t=to make firm, to confirm}} Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm”) Head templates: {{head|fro|verb}} fermer Inflection templates: {{fro-conj-er}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], fermer [infinitive], avoir fermé [infinitive, multiword-construction], en fermant [gerund], gerund of avoir + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction], fermant [participle, present], fermé [participle, past], ferm [first-person, indicative, present, singular], fermes [indicative, present, second-person, singular], ferme [indicative, present, singular, third-person], fermons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], fermez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], ferment [indicative, plural, present, third-person], fermoie [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], fermeie [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], fermoe [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], fermeve [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], fermoies [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], fermeies [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], fermoes [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], fermeves [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], fermoit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], fermeit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], fermot [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], fermeve [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], fermiiens [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], fermiens [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], fermiiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], fermiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], fermoient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], fermeient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], fermoent [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], fermevent [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], fermai [first-person, indicative, preterite, singular], fermas [indicative, preterite, second-person, singular], ferma [indicative, preterite, singular, third-person], fermames [first-person, indicative, plural, preterite], fermastes [indicative, plural, preterite, second-person], fermerent [indicative, plural, preterite, third-person], fermerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], fermeras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], fermera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], fermerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], fermeroiz [future, indicative, plural, second-person], fermereiz [future, indicative, plural, second-person], fermerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], fermeront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], fermeroie [conditional, first-person, singular], fermereie [conditional, first-person, singular], fermeroies [conditional, second-person, singular], fermereies [conditional, second-person, singular], fermeroit [conditional, singular, third-person], fermereit [conditional, singular, third-person], fermeriiens [conditional, first-person, plural], fermeriens [conditional, first-person, plural], fermeriiez [conditional, plural, second-person], fermeriez [conditional, plural, second-person], fermeroient [conditional, plural, third-person], fermereient [conditional, plural, third-person], present tense of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect tense of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], preterite tense of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future tense of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional tense of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], ferm [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], fers [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], fert [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], fermons [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], fermez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], ferment [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], fermasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], fermasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], fermast [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], fermissons [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], fermissiens [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], fermissoiz [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], fermissez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], fermissiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], fermassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], ferme [imperative, second-person, singular], fermons [first-person, imperative, plural], fermez [imperative, plural, second-person]
  1. to close
    Sense id: en-fermer-fro-verb-zpwyn4Fc Categories (other): Old French entries with incorrect language header, Old French verbs ending in -er, Old French verbs with weak-a preterite, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries

Noun [Scots]

Forms: fermers [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English fermour; compare English farmer. Etymology templates: {{inh|sco|enm|fermour}} Middle English fermour, {{cog|en|farmer}} English farmer Head templates: {{head|sco|noun|||plural|fermers|||||cat2=|cat3=|head=}} fermer (plural fermers), {{sco-noun}} fermer (plural fermers)
  1. farmer
    Sense id: en-fermer-sco-noun-Ub9VAqcQ Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Scots entries with incorrect language header, Agriculture, Occupations

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ouvrir"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ferme ta gueule"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fermer à clé"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fermer à clef"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fermer boutique"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fermer la marche"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fermer les yeux"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fermer sa gueule"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "la ferme"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "la fermer"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "les yeux fermés"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ne pas fermer l’œil"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "refermer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "fermer",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to close",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French fermer (“to close”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "fermer",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to close"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "firmo",
        "4": "firmāre",
        "t": "make firm, confirm"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”), Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermant",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermé",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermes",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermons",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferment",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermais",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermais",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermait",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermions",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermiez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermaient",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermai",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermas",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferma",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermâmes",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermâtes",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermèrent",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerai",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeras",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermera",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerons",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeront",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerais",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerais",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerait",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerions",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeriez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeraient",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermes",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermions",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermiez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferment",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermasse",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermasses",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermât",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermassions",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermassiez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermassent",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermons",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "fermer",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fermeture"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "22 4 4 8 7 15 15 13 4 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 6 6 12 11 14 13 12 6 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to shut"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-8a7XPEei",
      "links": [
        [
          "shut",
          "shut"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to shut"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to close"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-zpwyn4Fc",
      "links": [
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to close"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to close"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-zpwyn4Fc1",
      "links": [
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) to close"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 6 6 12 11 14 13 12 6 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to do up (of clothing)"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-ngdTy2LW",
      "links": [
        [
          "do up",
          "do up"
        ],
        [
          "clothing",
          "clothing"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 6 6 12 11 14 13 12 6 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to switch off, to turn off (of a device or an appliance)"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-uFMyGCoI",
      "links": [
        [
          "switch off",
          "switch off"
        ],
        [
          "turn off",
          "turn off"
        ],
        [
          "device",
          "device"
        ],
        [
          "appliance",
          "appliance"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 6 6 12 11 14 13 12 6 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to shut down, to discontinue, to axe (of a service)"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-qub1Mxgk",
      "links": [
        [
          "shut down",
          "shut down"
        ],
        [
          "discontinue",
          "discontinue"
        ],
        [
          "axe",
          "axe"
        ],
        [
          "service",
          "service"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 6 6 12 11 14 13 12 6 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 6 6 14 12 13 17 9 6 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 6 6 13 12 13 17 9 6 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bind off (of stitches in knitting)"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-nYbASTGI",
      "links": [
        [
          "bind off",
          "bind off"
        ],
        [
          "stitches",
          "stitches"
        ],
        [
          "knitting",
          "knitting"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 6 6 12 11 14 13 12 6 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to harden (of someone's face)"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-HfZ6Y3yD",
      "links": [
        [
          "harden",
          "harden"
        ],
        [
          "face",
          "face"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to harden (of someone's face)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              23
            ]
          ],
          "english": "That teacher turned him off maths.",
          "text": "Ce professeur l’a fermé au sujet des mathématiques.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to put someone off something, to turn someone off something"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-XjyPffAx",
      "links": [
        [
          "put someone off",
          "put off"
        ],
        [
          "turn someone off",
          "turn off"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to put someone off something, to turn someone off something"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              21,
              47
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              18
            ],
            [
              28,
              37
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The Vosges mountains mark the western border of the Alsace.",
          "text": "Les Vosges ferment l’Alsace à l’ouest.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to mark the border of"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-O6WboHpQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "border",
          "border"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to mark the border of"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-fermer.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Fr-fermer.ogg/Fr-fermer.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Fr-fermer.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fermer"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "fermer"
          },
          "expansion": "French: fermer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: fermer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "firmō",
        "4": "firmāre",
        "t": "to make firm, to confirm"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-conj-er",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir fermé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en fermant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferm",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferment",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermoie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermoe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermoies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermoes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeves",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermiiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermiiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermoient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermoent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermevent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermames",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermastes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeroiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermereiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermereie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeroies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermereies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermereit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeriiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeriens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeriiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermereient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferm",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fers",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fert",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferment",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermasse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermasses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermissons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermissiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermissoiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermissez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermissiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermassent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "fermer",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fro-conj-er"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs ending in -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to close"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fro-verb-zpwyn4Fc",
      "links": [
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "fermer"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "fermour"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English fermour",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "farmer"
      },
      "expansion": "English farmer",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English fermour; compare English farmer.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "fermers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "10": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "fermers",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "fermer (plural fermers)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "fermer (plural fermers)",
      "name": "sco-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scots",
  "lang_code": "sco",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sco",
          "name": "Agriculture",
          "orig": "sco:Agriculture",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sco",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "sco:Occupations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "farmer"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-sco-noun-Ub9VAqcQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "farmer",
          "farmer"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "fermer"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ouvrir"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ferme ta gueule"
    },
    {
      "word": "fermer à clé"
    },
    {
      "word": "fermer à clef"
    },
    {
      "word": "fermer boutique"
    },
    {
      "word": "fermer la marche"
    },
    {
      "word": "fermer les yeux"
    },
    {
      "word": "fermer sa gueule"
    },
    {
      "word": "la ferme"
    },
    {
      "word": "la fermer"
    },
    {
      "word": "les yeux fermés"
    },
    {
      "word": "ne pas fermer l’œil"
    },
    {
      "word": "refermer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "fermer",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to close",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French fermer (“to close”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "fermer",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to close"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "firmo",
        "4": "firmāre",
        "t": "make firm, confirm"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”), Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermant",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermé",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermes",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermons",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferment",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermais",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermais",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermait",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermions",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermiez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermaient",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermai",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermas",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferma",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermâmes",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermâtes",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermèrent",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerai",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeras",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermera",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerons",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeront",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerais",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerais",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerait",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerions",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeriez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeraient",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermes",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermions",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermiez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferment",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermasse",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermasses",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermât",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermassions",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermassiez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermassent",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermons",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "fermer",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "fermeture"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to shut"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shut",
          "shut"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to shut"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to close"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to close"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French reflexive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to close"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) to close"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to do up (of clothing)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "do up",
          "do up"
        ],
        [
          "clothing",
          "clothing"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to switch off, to turn off (of a device or an appliance)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "switch off",
          "switch off"
        ],
        [
          "turn off",
          "turn off"
        ],
        [
          "device",
          "device"
        ],
        [
          "appliance",
          "appliance"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to shut down, to discontinue, to axe (of a service)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shut down",
          "shut down"
        ],
        [
          "discontinue",
          "discontinue"
        ],
        [
          "axe",
          "axe"
        ],
        [
          "service",
          "service"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to bind off (of stitches in knitting)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bind off",
          "bind off"
        ],
        [
          "stitches",
          "stitches"
        ],
        [
          "knitting",
          "knitting"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to harden (of someone's face)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "harden",
          "harden"
        ],
        [
          "face",
          "face"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to harden (of someone's face)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with usage examples",
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              23
            ]
          ],
          "english": "That teacher turned him off maths.",
          "text": "Ce professeur l’a fermé au sujet des mathématiques.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to put someone off something, to turn someone off something"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "put someone off",
          "put off"
        ],
        [
          "turn someone off",
          "turn off"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to put someone off something, to turn someone off something"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with usage examples",
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              21,
              47
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              18
            ],
            [
              28,
              37
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The Vosges mountains mark the western border of the Alsace.",
          "text": "Les Vosges ferment l’Alsace à l’ouest.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to mark the border of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "border",
          "border"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to mark the border of"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-fermer.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Fr-fermer.ogg/Fr-fermer.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Fr-fermer.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fermer"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "fermer"
          },
          "expansion": "French: fermer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: fermer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "firmō",
        "4": "firmāre",
        "t": "to make firm, to confirm"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-conj-er",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir fermé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en fermant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferm",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferment",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermoie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermoe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermoies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermoes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeves",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermiiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermiiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermoient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermoent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermevent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermames",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermastes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeroiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermereiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermereie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeroies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermereies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermereit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeriiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeriens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeriiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermereient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferm",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fers",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fert",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferment",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermasse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermasses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermissons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermissiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermissoiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermissez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermissiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermassent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "fermer",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fro-conj-er"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old French first group verbs",
        "Old French lemmas",
        "Old French terms derived from Latin",
        "Old French terms inherited from Latin",
        "Old French verbs",
        "Old French verbs ending in -er",
        "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to close"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "fermer"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "fermour"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English fermour",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "farmer"
      },
      "expansion": "English farmer",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English fermour; compare English farmer.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "fermers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "10": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "fermers",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "fermer (plural fermers)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "fermer (plural fermers)",
      "name": "sco-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scots",
  "lang_code": "sco",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
        "Scots lemmas",
        "Scots nouns",
        "Scots terms derived from Middle English",
        "Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
        "sco:Agriculture",
        "sco:Occupations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "farmer"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "farmer",
          "farmer"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "fermer"
}

Download raw JSONL data for fermer meaning in All languages combined (23.5kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (c3cc510 and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.