See fermer on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ouvrir"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ferme ta gueule"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fermer à clé"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fermer à clef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fermer boutique"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fermer la marche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fermer les yeux"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fermer sa gueule"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "la ferme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "la fermer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "les yeux fermés"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ne pas fermer l’œil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "refermer"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fermer",
"4": "",
"5": "to close",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French fermer (“to close”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fermer",
"4": "",
"5": "to close"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "firmo",
"4": "firmāre",
"t": "make firm, confirm"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”), Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fermer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "fermant",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fermé",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ferme",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermes",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferme",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermons",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fermez",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ferment",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermais",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermais",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermait",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermions",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermiez",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermaient",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermai",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermas",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferma",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermâmes",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermâtes",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermèrent",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerai",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeras",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermera",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerons",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerez",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeront",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerais",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerais",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerait",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerions",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeriez",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeraient",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ferme",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermes",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ferme",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermions",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermiez",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ferment",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermasse",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermasses",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermât",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermassions",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermassiez",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermassent",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ferme",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermons",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermez",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fermer",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fermeture"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 3 3 7 7 14 13 11 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 5 5 13 11 14 13 12 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 5 11 11 12 16 8 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 5 11 11 12 16 8 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to shut"
],
"id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-8a7XPEei",
"links": [
[
"shut",
"shut"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to shut"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to close"
],
"id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-zpwyn4Fc",
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to close"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to close"
],
"id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-zpwyn4Fc1",
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) to close"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 5 5 13 11 14 13 12 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 5 11 11 12 16 8 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 5 11 11 12 16 8 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do up (of clothing)"
],
"id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-ngdTy2LW",
"links": [
[
"do up",
"do up"
],
[
"clothing",
"clothing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 5 5 13 11 14 13 12 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 5 11 11 12 16 8 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 5 11 11 12 16 8 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to switch off, to turn off (of a device or an appliance)"
],
"id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-uFMyGCoI",
"links": [
[
"switch off",
"switch off"
],
[
"turn off",
"turn off"
],
[
"device",
"device"
],
[
"appliance",
"appliance"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 5 5 13 11 14 13 12 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 5 11 11 12 16 8 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 5 11 11 12 16 8 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to shut down, to discontinue, to axe (of a service)"
],
"id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-qub1Mxgk",
"links": [
[
"shut down",
"shut down"
],
[
"discontinue",
"discontinue"
],
[
"axe",
"axe"
],
[
"service",
"service"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 5 5 13 11 14 13 12 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 5 11 11 12 16 8 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 5 11 11 12 16 8 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bind off (of stitches in knitting)"
],
"id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-nYbASTGI",
"links": [
[
"bind off",
"bind off"
],
[
"stitches",
"stitches"
],
[
"knitting",
"knitting"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 5 5 13 11 14 13 12 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to harden (of someone's face)"
],
"id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-HfZ6Y3yD",
"links": [
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"face",
"face"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to harden (of someone's face)"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
27
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
23
]
],
"english": "That teacher turned him off maths.",
"text": "Ce professeur l’a fermé au sujet des mathématiques.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to put someone off something, to turn someone off something"
],
"id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-XjyPffAx",
"links": [
[
"put someone off",
"put off"
],
[
"turn someone off",
"turn off"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to put someone off something, to turn someone off something"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
21,
47
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
18
],
[
28,
37
]
],
"english": "The Vosges mountains mark the western border of the Alsace.",
"text": "Les Vosges ferment l’Alsace à l’ouest.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to mark the border of"
],
"id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-O6WboHpQ",
"links": [
[
"mark",
"mark"
],
[
"border",
"border"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to mark the border of"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-fermer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Fr-fermer.ogg/Fr-fermer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Fr-fermer.ogg"
}
],
"word": "fermer"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fermer"
},
"expansion": "French: fermer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: fermer"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "firmō",
"4": "firmāre",
"t": "to make firm, to confirm"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-conj-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "fermer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir fermé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "en fermant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "fermant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fermé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ferm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fermez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ferment",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermoie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermoe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermoies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermoes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeves",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermoit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermiiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermiiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermoient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermoent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermevent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermames",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "fermastes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeroiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermereiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeront",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeroie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermereie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeroies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermereies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeroit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermereit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeriiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeriens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeriiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeriez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeroient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermereient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ferm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fers",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fert",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ferment",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermasse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermasses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermissons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermissiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermissoiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermissez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermissiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermassent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ferme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "fermer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fro-conj-er"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French verbs ending in -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to close"
],
"id": "en-fermer-fro-verb-zpwyn4Fc",
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
]
]
}
],
"word": "fermer"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fermour"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fermour",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "farmer"
},
"expansion": "English farmer",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fermour; compare English farmer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fermers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "fermers",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "fermer (plural fermers)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fermer (plural fermers)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sco",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "sco:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sco",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "sco:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"farmer"
],
"id": "en-fermer-sco-noun-Ub9VAqcQ",
"links": [
[
"farmer",
"farmer"
]
]
}
],
"word": "fermer"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ouvrir"
}
],
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French first group verbs",
"French lemmas",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French verbs",
"French verbs with conjugation -er",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ferme ta gueule"
},
{
"word": "fermer à clé"
},
{
"word": "fermer à clef"
},
{
"word": "fermer boutique"
},
{
"word": "fermer la marche"
},
{
"word": "fermer les yeux"
},
{
"word": "fermer sa gueule"
},
{
"word": "la ferme"
},
{
"word": "la fermer"
},
{
"word": "les yeux fermés"
},
{
"word": "ne pas fermer l’œil"
},
{
"word": "refermer"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fermer",
"4": "",
"5": "to close",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French fermer (“to close”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fermer",
"4": "",
"5": "to close"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "firmo",
"4": "firmāre",
"t": "make firm, confirm"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”), Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fermer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "fermant",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fermé",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ferme",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermes",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferme",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermons",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fermez",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ferment",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermais",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermais",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermait",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermions",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermiez",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermaient",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermai",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermas",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferma",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermâmes",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermâtes",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermèrent",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerai",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeras",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermera",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerons",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerez",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeront",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerais",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerais",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerait",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerions",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeriez",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeraient",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ferme",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermes",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ferme",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermions",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermiez",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ferment",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermasse",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermasses",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermât",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermassions",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermassiez",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermassent",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ferme",
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermons",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermez",
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fermer",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "fermeture"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to shut"
],
"links": [
[
"shut",
"shut"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to shut"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to close"
],
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to close"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to close"
],
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) to close"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to do up (of clothing)"
],
"links": [
[
"do up",
"do up"
],
[
"clothing",
"clothing"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to switch off, to turn off (of a device or an appliance)"
],
"links": [
[
"switch off",
"switch off"
],
[
"turn off",
"turn off"
],
[
"device",
"device"
],
[
"appliance",
"appliance"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to shut down, to discontinue, to axe (of a service)"
],
"links": [
[
"shut down",
"shut down"
],
[
"discontinue",
"discontinue"
],
[
"axe",
"axe"
],
[
"service",
"service"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to bind off (of stitches in knitting)"
],
"links": [
[
"bind off",
"bind off"
],
[
"stitches",
"stitches"
],
[
"knitting",
"knitting"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to harden (of someone's face)"
],
"links": [
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"face",
"face"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to harden (of someone's face)"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples",
"French transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
27
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
23
]
],
"english": "That teacher turned him off maths.",
"text": "Ce professeur l’a fermé au sujet des mathématiques.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to put someone off something, to turn someone off something"
],
"links": [
[
"put someone off",
"put off"
],
[
"turn someone off",
"turn off"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to put someone off something, to turn someone off something"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples",
"French transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
21,
47
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
18
],
[
28,
37
]
],
"english": "The Vosges mountains mark the western border of the Alsace.",
"text": "Les Vosges ferment l’Alsace à l’ouest.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to mark the border of"
],
"links": [
[
"mark",
"mark"
],
[
"border",
"border"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to mark the border of"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-fermer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Fr-fermer.ogg/Fr-fermer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Fr-fermer.ogg"
}
],
"word": "fermer"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fermer"
},
"expansion": "French: fermer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: fermer"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "firmō",
"4": "firmāre",
"t": "to make firm, to confirm"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-conj-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fermer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir fermé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "en fermant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "fermant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fermé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ferm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fermez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ferment",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermoie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermoe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermoies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermoes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeves",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermoit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermiiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermiiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermoient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermoent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermevent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermames",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "fermastes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeroiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermereiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermerez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeront",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeroie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermereie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeroies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermereies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeroit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermereit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeriiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeriens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeriiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeriez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermeroient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermereient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ferm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fers",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fert",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ferment",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermasse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermasses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fermissons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermissiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermissoiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermissez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermissiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fermassent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ferme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "fermer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fro-conj-er"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French first group verbs",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French verbs",
"Old French verbs ending in -er",
"Old French verbs with weak-a preterite",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to close"
],
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
]
]
}
],
"word": "fermer"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fermour"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fermour",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "farmer"
},
"expansion": "English farmer",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fermour; compare English farmer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fermers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "fermers",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "fermer (plural fermers)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fermer (plural fermers)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"sco:Agriculture",
"sco:Occupations"
],
"glosses": [
"farmer"
],
"links": [
[
"farmer",
"farmer"
]
]
}
],
"word": "fermer"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fermer meaning in All languages combined (23.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (4eaa824 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.