"fermer" meaning in French

See fermer in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /fɛʁ.me/ Audio: Fr-fermer.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”), Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|fro|fermer||to close|g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old French fermer (“to close”), {{inh+|fr|fro|fermer||to close}} Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”), {{der|fr|la|firmo|firmāre|t=make firm, confirm}} Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”) Head templates: {{fr-verb}} fermer Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], fermer [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], fermant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], fermé [participle, past], ferme [first-person, indicative, present, singular], fermes [indicative, present, second-person, singular], ferme [indicative, present, singular, third-person], fermons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], fermez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], ferment [indicative, plural, present, third-person], fermais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], fermais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], fermait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], fermions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], fermiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], fermaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], fermai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], fermas [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], ferma [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], fermâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], fermâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], fermèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], fermerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], fermeras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], fermera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], fermerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], fermerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], fermeront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], fermerais [conditional, first-person, singular], fermerais [conditional, second-person, singular], fermerait [conditional, singular, third-person], fermerions [conditional, first-person, plural], fermeriez [conditional, plural, second-person], fermeraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], ferme [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], fermes [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], ferme [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], fermions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], fermiez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], ferment [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], fermasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], fermasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], fermât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], fermassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], fermassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], fermassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], ferme [imperative, second-person, singular], fermons [first-person, imperative, plural], fermez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. (transitive) to shut Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-8a7XPEei Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 12 5 5 10 10 12 19 16 8 5
  2. (transitive) to close Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-zpwyn4Fc
  3. (reflexive) to close Tags: reflexive
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-zpwyn4Fc1
  4. to do up (of clothing)
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-ngdTy2LW Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 7 6 6 14 12 12 15 14 7 6
  5. to switch off, to turn off (of a device or an appliance)
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-uFMyGCoI Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 7 6 6 14 12 12 15 14 7 6
  6. to shut down, to discontinue, to axe (of a service)
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-qub1Mxgk Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 12 5 5 10 10 12 19 16 8 5 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 7 6 6 14 12 12 15 14 7 6
  7. to bind off (of stitches in knitting)
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-nYbASTGI Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French verbs with conjugation -er, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 12 5 5 10 10 12 19 16 8 5 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 7 6 6 14 12 12 15 14 7 6 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 14 5 5 10 10 15 19 12 6 5 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 5 5 10 10 15 19 12 6 5
  8. (intransitive) to harden (of someone's face) Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-HfZ6Y3yD Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 12 5 5 10 10 12 19 16 8 5 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 7 6 6 14 12 12 15 14 7 6
  9. (transitive) to put someone off something, to turn someone off something Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-XjyPffAx
  10. (transitive) to mark the border of Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-fermer-fr-verb-O6WboHpQ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: fermeture
Derived forms: ferme ta gueule, fermer à clé, fermer à clef, fermer boutique, fermer la marche, fermer les yeux, fermer sa gueule, la ferme, la fermer, les yeux fermés, ne pas fermer l’œil, refermer

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ouvrir"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ferme ta gueule"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fermer à clé"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fermer à clef"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fermer boutique"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fermer la marche"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fermer les yeux"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fermer sa gueule"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "la ferme"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "la fermer"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "les yeux fermés"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ne pas fermer l’œil"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "refermer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "fermer",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to close",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French fermer (“to close”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "fermer",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to close"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "firmo",
        "4": "firmāre",
        "t": "make firm, confirm"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”), Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermant",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermé",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermes",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermons",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferment",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermais",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermais",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermait",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermions",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermiez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermaient",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermai",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermas",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferma",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermâmes",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermâtes",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermèrent",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerai",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeras",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermera",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerons",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeront",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerais",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerais",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerait",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerions",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeriez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeraient",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermes",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermions",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermiez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferment",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermasse",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermasses",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermât",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermassions",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermassiez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermassent",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermons",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "fermer",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "fermeture"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 5 5 10 10 12 19 16 8 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to shut"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-8a7XPEei",
      "links": [
        [
          "shut",
          "shut"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to shut"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to close"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-zpwyn4Fc",
      "links": [
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to close"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to close"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-zpwyn4Fc1",
      "links": [
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) to close"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 6 6 14 12 12 15 14 7 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to do up (of clothing)"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-ngdTy2LW",
      "links": [
        [
          "do up",
          "do up"
        ],
        [
          "clothing",
          "clothing"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 6 6 14 12 12 15 14 7 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to switch off, to turn off (of a device or an appliance)"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-uFMyGCoI",
      "links": [
        [
          "switch off",
          "switch off"
        ],
        [
          "turn off",
          "turn off"
        ],
        [
          "device",
          "device"
        ],
        [
          "appliance",
          "appliance"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 5 5 10 10 12 19 16 8 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 6 6 14 12 12 15 14 7 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to shut down, to discontinue, to axe (of a service)"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-qub1Mxgk",
      "links": [
        [
          "shut down",
          "shut down"
        ],
        [
          "discontinue",
          "discontinue"
        ],
        [
          "axe",
          "axe"
        ],
        [
          "service",
          "service"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 5 5 10 10 12 19 16 8 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 6 6 14 12 12 15 14 7 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 5 5 10 10 15 19 12 6 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 5 5 10 10 15 19 12 6 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bind off (of stitches in knitting)"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-nYbASTGI",
      "links": [
        [
          "bind off",
          "bind off"
        ],
        [
          "stitches",
          "stitches"
        ],
        [
          "knitting",
          "knitting"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 5 5 10 10 12 19 16 8 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 6 6 14 12 12 15 14 7 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to harden (of someone's face)"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-HfZ6Y3yD",
      "links": [
        [
          "harden",
          "harden"
        ],
        [
          "face",
          "face"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to harden (of someone's face)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "That teacher turned him off maths.",
          "text": "Ce professeur l’a fermé au sujet des mathématiques.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to put someone off something, to turn someone off something"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-XjyPffAx",
      "links": [
        [
          "put someone off",
          "put off"
        ],
        [
          "turn someone off",
          "turn off"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to put someone off something, to turn someone off something"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The Vosges mountains mark the western border of the Alsace.",
          "text": "Les Vosges ferment l’Alsace à l’ouest.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to mark the border of"
      ],
      "id": "en-fermer-fr-verb-O6WboHpQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "border",
          "border"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to mark the border of"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-fermer.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Fr-fermer.ogg/Fr-fermer.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Fr-fermer.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fermer"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ouvrir"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ferme ta gueule"
    },
    {
      "word": "fermer à clé"
    },
    {
      "word": "fermer à clef"
    },
    {
      "word": "fermer boutique"
    },
    {
      "word": "fermer la marche"
    },
    {
      "word": "fermer les yeux"
    },
    {
      "word": "fermer sa gueule"
    },
    {
      "word": "la ferme"
    },
    {
      "word": "la fermer"
    },
    {
      "word": "les yeux fermés"
    },
    {
      "word": "ne pas fermer l’œil"
    },
    {
      "word": "refermer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "fermer",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to close",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French fermer (“to close”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "fermer",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to close"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "firmo",
        "4": "firmāre",
        "t": "make firm, confirm"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”), Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermant",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermé",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermes",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermons",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferment",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermais",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermais",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermait",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermions",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermiez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermaient",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermai",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermas",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferma",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermâmes",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermâtes",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermèrent",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerai",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeras",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermera",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerons",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeront",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerais",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerais",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerait",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermerions",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeriez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermeraient",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermes",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermions",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermiez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferment",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermasse",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermasses",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermât",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermassions",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermassiez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.ma.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermassent",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferme",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁm/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermons",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.mɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermez",
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "fermer",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "fermeture"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to shut"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shut",
          "shut"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to shut"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to close"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to close"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French reflexive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to close"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) to close"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to do up (of clothing)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "do up",
          "do up"
        ],
        [
          "clothing",
          "clothing"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to switch off, to turn off (of a device or an appliance)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "switch off",
          "switch off"
        ],
        [
          "turn off",
          "turn off"
        ],
        [
          "device",
          "device"
        ],
        [
          "appliance",
          "appliance"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to shut down, to discontinue, to axe (of a service)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shut down",
          "shut down"
        ],
        [
          "discontinue",
          "discontinue"
        ],
        [
          "axe",
          "axe"
        ],
        [
          "service",
          "service"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to bind off (of stitches in knitting)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bind off",
          "bind off"
        ],
        [
          "stitches",
          "stitches"
        ],
        [
          "knitting",
          "knitting"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to harden (of someone's face)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "harden",
          "harden"
        ],
        [
          "face",
          "face"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to harden (of someone's face)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with usage examples",
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "That teacher turned him off maths.",
          "text": "Ce professeur l’a fermé au sujet des mathématiques.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to put someone off something, to turn someone off something"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "put someone off",
          "put off"
        ],
        [
          "turn someone off",
          "turn off"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to put someone off something, to turn someone off something"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with usage examples",
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The Vosges mountains mark the western border of the Alsace.",
          "text": "Les Vosges ferment l’Alsace à l’ouest.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to mark the border of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "border",
          "border"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to mark the border of"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fɛʁ.me/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-fermer.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Fr-fermer.ogg/Fr-fermer.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Fr-fermer.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fermer"
}

Download raw JSONL data for fermer meaning in French (12.2kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.