See ferme in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ferme meaning in French (12.3kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "frm",
"3": "ferme",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
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},
"expansion": "Middle French ferme",
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "frm",
"3": "ferme"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French ferme",
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{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ferm"
},
"expansion": "Old French ferm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ferme",
"t": "solid"
},
"expansion": "ferme (“solid”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "firmus",
"t": "solid, secure"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmus (“solid, secure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fermos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fermos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰer-mo-s",
"t": "holding"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰer-",
"t": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "*dʰer- (“to hold”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French ferme, from Old French ferm, ferme (“solid”), from Latin firmus (“solid, secure”), from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fermes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ferme (plural fermes)",
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],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "de pied ferme"
},
{
"word": "terre ferme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firm"
],
"id": "en-ferme-fr-adj-P2JVBzHZ",
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dur"
},
{
"word": "décidé"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-ferme.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Fr-ferme.ogg/Fr-ferme.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Fr-ferme.ogg",
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"word": "ferme"
}
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"5": "",
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"expansion": "Middle French ferme",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "frm",
"3": "ferme"
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"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French ferme",
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{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ferm"
},
"expansion": "Old French ferm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ferme",
"t": "solid"
},
"expansion": "ferme (“solid”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "firmus",
"t": "solid, secure"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmus (“solid, secure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fermos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fermos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰer-mo-s",
"t": "holding"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰer-",
"t": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "*dʰer- (“to hold”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French ferme, from Old French ferm, ferme (“solid”), from Latin firmus (“solid, secure”), from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fermes",
"tags": [
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ferme f (plural fermes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
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],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Carpentry",
"orig": "fr:Carpentry",
"parents": [
"Construction",
"Woodworking",
"Architecture",
"Engineering",
"Crafts",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Technology",
"Society",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"roof truss"
],
"id": "en-ferme-fr-noun-dB9CvKhv",
"links": [
[
"carpentry",
"carpentry"
],
[
"roof",
"roof"
],
[
"truss",
"truss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(carpentry) roof truss"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"carpentry",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/"
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{
"audio": "Fr-ferme.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Fr-ferme.ogg",
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}
],
"word": "ferme"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
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"expansion": "Inherited",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "frm",
"3": "ferme",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
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"g3": "",
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"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
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"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French ferme",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "ferme"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French ferme",
"name": "inh+"
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{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ferm"
},
"expansion": "Old French ferm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ferme",
"t": "solid"
},
"expansion": "ferme (“solid”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "firmus",
"t": "solid, secure"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmus (“solid, secure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fermos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fermos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰer-mo-s",
"t": "holding"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰer-",
"t": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "*dʰer- (“to hold”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French ferme, from Old French ferm, ferme (“solid”), from Latin firmus (“solid, secure”), from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ferme",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 12 2 37 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 13 30 22",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "fr:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fermer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fermer:\n## first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive\n## second-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-ferme-fr-verb-wXq~dUV6",
"links": [
[
"fermer",
"fermer#French"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fermer:\n"
],
"tags": [
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"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fermer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fermer:\n## first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-ferme-fr-verb-fzzfmQmN",
"links": [
[
"fermer",
"fermer#French"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fermer:\n"
],
"tags": [
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"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-ferme.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Fr-ferme.ogg/Fr-ferme.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Fr-ferme.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "ferme"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fermă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: fermă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: fermă"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
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"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "ferme",
"4": "",
"5": "farm, farm buildings",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French ferme (“farm, farm buildings”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "ferme",
"t": "farm, farm buildings"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French ferme (“farm, farm buildings”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ferme",
"t": "lease for working, rent, farm"
},
"expansion": "Old French ferme (“lease for working, rent, farm”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "ferma"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin ferma",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firma",
"t": "rent, tax, tribute, farm"
},
"expansion": "firma (“rent, tax, tribute, farm”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ang",
"3": "feorm",
"t": "rent, provision, supplies, feast"
},
"expansion": "Old English feorm (“rent, provision, supplies, feast”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fermō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fermō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*firhuma-",
"t": "means of living, subsistence"
},
"expansion": "*firhuma- (“means of living, subsistence”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ferhwō",
"t": "life force, body, being"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ferhwō (“life force, body, being”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perkʷ-",
"t": "life, force, strength, tree"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“life, force, strength, tree”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "firmus",
"t": "solid, secure"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmus (“solid, secure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fermos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fermos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰer-mo-s",
"t": "holding"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰer-",
"t": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "*dʰer- (“to hold”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "feorh",
"t": "life, spirit"
},
"expansion": "Old English feorh (“life, spirit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃",
"t": "the world"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus, “the world”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "feormehām",
"t": "farm"
},
"expansion": "Old English feormehām (“farm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "feormere",
"t": "purveyor"
},
"expansion": "feormere (“purveyor”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French ferme (“farm, farm buildings”), from Old French ferme (“lease for working, rent, farm”), from Medieval Latin ferma, firma (“rent, tax, tribute, farm”). There is debate as to whether Medieval Latin acquires this term from Old English feorm (“rent, provision, supplies, feast”), from Proto-Germanic *fermō, *firhuma- (“means of living, subsistence”), from Proto-Germanic *ferhwō (“life force, body, being”), from Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“life, force, strength, tree”), or from Latin firmus (“solid, secure”), from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”). If the former etymology is correct, the term is related to Old English feorh (“life, spirit”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus, “the world”). Compare also Old English feormehām (“farm”), feormere (“purveyor”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fermes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ferme f (plural fermes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "fermage"
},
{
"word": "ferme piscicole"
},
{
"word": "fermette"
},
{
"word": "fermier"
}
],
"glosses": [
"farm"
],
"id": "en-ferme-fr-noun-yM9wHzCt",
"links": [
[
"farm",
"farm"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-ferme.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Fr-ferme.ogg/Fr-ferme.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Fr-ferme.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "ferme"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French adjectives",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old English",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French verb forms",
"fr:Agriculture"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "de pied ferme"
},
{
"word": "terre ferme"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "ferme",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French ferme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "ferme"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French ferme",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ferm"
},
"expansion": "Old French ferm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ferme",
"t": "solid"
},
"expansion": "ferme (“solid”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "firmus",
"t": "solid, secure"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmus (“solid, secure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fermos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fermos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰer-mo-s",
"t": "holding"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰer-",
"t": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "*dʰer- (“to hold”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French ferme, from Old French ferm, ferme (“solid”), from Latin firmus (“solid, secure”), from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fermes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ferme (plural fermes)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"firm"
],
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dur"
},
{
"word": "décidé"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-ferme.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Fr-ferme.ogg/Fr-ferme.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Fr-ferme.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "ferme"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French adjectives",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old English",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French verb forms",
"fr:Agriculture"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "ferme",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French ferme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "ferme"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French ferme",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ferm"
},
"expansion": "Old French ferm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ferme",
"t": "solid"
},
"expansion": "ferme (“solid”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "firmus",
"t": "solid, secure"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmus (“solid, secure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fermos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fermos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰer-mo-s",
"t": "holding"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰer-",
"t": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "*dʰer- (“to hold”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French ferme, from Old French ferm, ferme (“solid”), from Latin firmus (“solid, secure”), from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fermes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ferme f (plural fermes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"fr:Carpentry"
],
"glosses": [
"roof truss"
],
"links": [
[
"carpentry",
"carpentry"
],
[
"roof",
"roof"
],
[
"truss",
"truss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(carpentry) roof truss"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"carpentry",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-ferme.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Fr-ferme.ogg/Fr-ferme.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Fr-ferme.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "ferme"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French adjectives",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old English",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French verb forms",
"fr:Agriculture"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "ferme",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French ferme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "ferme"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French ferme",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ferm"
},
"expansion": "Old French ferm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ferme",
"t": "solid"
},
"expansion": "ferme (“solid”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "firmus",
"t": "solid, secure"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmus (“solid, secure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fermos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fermos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰer-mo-s",
"t": "holding"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰer-",
"t": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "*dʰer- (“to hold”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French ferme, from Old French ferm, ferme (“solid”), from Latin firmus (“solid, secure”), from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ferme",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fermer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fermer:\n## first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive\n## second-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"fermer",
"fermer#French"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fermer:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fermer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fermer:\n## first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"fermer",
"fermer#French"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fermer:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-ferme.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Fr-ferme.ogg/Fr-ferme.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Fr-ferme.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "ferme"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old English",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"fr:Agriculture"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fermage"
},
{
"word": "ferme piscicole"
},
{
"word": "fermette"
},
{
"word": "fermier"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fermă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: fermă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: fermă"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "ferme",
"4": "",
"5": "farm, farm buildings",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French ferme (“farm, farm buildings”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "ferme",
"t": "farm, farm buildings"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French ferme (“farm, farm buildings”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ferme",
"t": "lease for working, rent, farm"
},
"expansion": "Old French ferme (“lease for working, rent, farm”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "ferma"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin ferma",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firma",
"t": "rent, tax, tribute, farm"
},
"expansion": "firma (“rent, tax, tribute, farm”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ang",
"3": "feorm",
"t": "rent, provision, supplies, feast"
},
"expansion": "Old English feorm (“rent, provision, supplies, feast”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fermō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fermō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*firhuma-",
"t": "means of living, subsistence"
},
"expansion": "*firhuma- (“means of living, subsistence”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ferhwō",
"t": "life force, body, being"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ferhwō (“life force, body, being”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perkʷ-",
"t": "life, force, strength, tree"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“life, force, strength, tree”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "firmus",
"t": "solid, secure"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmus (“solid, secure”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fermos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fermos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰer-mo-s",
"t": "holding"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰer-",
"t": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "*dʰer- (“to hold”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "feorh",
"t": "life, spirit"
},
"expansion": "Old English feorh (“life, spirit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃",
"t": "the world"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus, “the world”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "feormehām",
"t": "farm"
},
"expansion": "Old English feormehām (“farm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "feormere",
"t": "purveyor"
},
"expansion": "feormere (“purveyor”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French ferme (“farm, farm buildings”), from Old French ferme (“lease for working, rent, farm”), from Medieval Latin ferma, firma (“rent, tax, tribute, farm”). There is debate as to whether Medieval Latin acquires this term from Old English feorm (“rent, provision, supplies, feast”), from Proto-Germanic *fermō, *firhuma- (“means of living, subsistence”), from Proto-Germanic *ferhwō (“life force, body, being”), from Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“life, force, strength, tree”), or from Latin firmus (“solid, secure”), from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”). If the former etymology is correct, the term is related to Old English feorh (“life, spirit”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus, “the world”). Compare also Old English feormehām (“farm”), feormere (“purveyor”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fermes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ferme f (plural fermes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"farm"
],
"links": [
[
"farm",
"farm"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛʁm/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-ferme.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/Fr-ferme.ogg/Fr-ferme.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Fr-ferme.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "ferme"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.