See ethnic on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ethnic meaning in All languages combined (20.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "antiethnic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "biethnic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ethnic cleanser"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ethnic cleansing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ethnic group"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ethnic minority"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ethnic music"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ethnic slur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ethnic studies"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "interethnic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "intraethnic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "meta-ethnic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "monoethnic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "multiethnic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pluriethnic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "polyethnic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "supra-ethnic"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ethnik"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ethnik",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ethnicus"
},
"expansion": "Latin ethnicus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἐθνικός",
"4": "",
"5": "of or for a nation, heathen"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐθνικός (ethnikós, “of or for a nation, heathen”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔθνος",
"3": "",
"4": "a company\", later \"a people or nation, heathens"
},
"expansion": "ἔθνος (éthnos, “a company\", later \"a people or nation, heathens”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ethnik, from Latin ethnicus (\"pagan\", \"heathen\"), from Ancient Greek ἐθνικός (ethnikós, “of or for a nation, heathen”), from ἔθνος (éthnos, “a company\", later \"a people or nation, heathens”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more ethnic",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most ethnic",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ethnic (comparative more ethnic, superlative most ethnic)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ethnical"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ethnically"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ethnicity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ethnocentric"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ethnocultural"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ethnography"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ethnologeny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ethnology"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There are many ethnic Indonesians in the Netherlands",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to a group of people having common racial, ancestral, national, religious or cultural origins."
],
"id": "en-ethnic-en-adj-HYLVIMLs",
"links": [
[
"racial",
"racial"
],
[
"ancestral",
"ancestral"
],
[
"national",
"national"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"cultural",
"cultural"
],
[
"origins",
"origins"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnies"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnik"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕirqiyy",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "عِرْقِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ētʿnik",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "էթնիկ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "azgayin",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "ազգային"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "étnicu"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnik"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "etníčny",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "этні́чны"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "etníčeski",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "етни́чески"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "ètnic"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mínzú",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "民族"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "qavmiy"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnik"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnický"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etna"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etniline"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etninen"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "ethnique"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "étnico"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "etniḳuri",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "ეთნიკური"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "ethnisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ethnikós",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "εθνικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "etni",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "אֶתְנִי"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sañjātīya",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "संजातीय"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "naslī",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "नस्ली"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnikai"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "þjóðernis-"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnis"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnik"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "eitneach"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnico"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "minzoku no",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "民族の"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "étnostyq",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "этностық"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "étnikalyq",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "этникалық"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "minjog-ui",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "민족(民族)의"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "etnikalık",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "этникалык"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnisks"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etninis"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "etnički",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "етнички"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnik"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "ethnique"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnic"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qowmi",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "قومی"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etniczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "étnico"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnic"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "etníčeskij",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "этни́ческий"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ѐтничкӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "ètničkī"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnický"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etničen"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "étnico"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "qavmī",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "қавмӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "etnikī",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "этникӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "châat-dtì-pan",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "ชาติพันธุ์"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnik"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "etníčnyj",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "етні́чний"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnik"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 8 4 8",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "dân tộc"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I like to eat ethnic food",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Characteristic of a foreign or a minority group's culture."
],
"id": "en-ethnic-en-adj-LSca8zBQ",
"links": [
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
],
[
"minority",
"minority"
],
[
"culture",
"culture"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "9 77 0 14",
"sense": "culturally foreign",
"word": "exotic"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 71 2 18",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "etnisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 71 2 18",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "eksotisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 71 2 18",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "fremmed"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 71 2 18",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "etnisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 71 2 18",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "exotisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 71 2 18",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "vreemd"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 71 2 18",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "etninen"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 71 2 18",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "exotisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 71 2 18",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "ausländisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 71 2 18",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "international"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 71 2 18",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "etnico"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 71 2 18",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "igug-ui",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "이국(異國)의"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 71 2 18",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "igukjeog-ida",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "이국적(異國的)이다"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 71 2 18",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "etnisk"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008, Ronald D. Cohen, A History of Folk Music Festivals in the United States",
"text": "Indeed, such ethnic music festivals were probably common throughout the country",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1990, European Review of Native American Studies Volumess 4-6",
"text": "contemporary artists are victims of the dichotomization of fine art and folk or ethnic art, where the latter must evince standardized techniques of simplicity, naivete, naturalism, and exoticism.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Michael Campbell., Popular Music in America: The Beat Goes On",
"text": "popular music is usually positioned between classical music on the one hand and folk or ethnic music on the other.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Kip Lornell., Exploring American Folk Music: Ethnic, Grassroots, and Regional Traditions",
"text": "Once you dig below the surface you discover folk, grassroots, and ethnic music throughout the United States",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Representative of a folk or traditional mode of expression."
],
"id": "en-ethnic-en-adj-LkD98Xrp"
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Heathen, not Jewish, Christian, or Muslim."
],
"id": "en-ethnic-en-adj-DjRL0PqI",
"links": [
[
"Heathen",
"heathen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Heathen, not Jewish, Christian, or Muslim."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "3 2 4 91",
"sense": "heathen",
"word": "pagan"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 4 91",
"sense": "heathen",
"word": "gentile"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 2 4 91",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "pōuttolik",
"sense": "heathen, not Judeo-Christian-Muslim",
"word": "পৌত্তলিক"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 4 91",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ezičeski",
"sense": "heathen, not Judeo-Christian-Muslim",
"word": "езически"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 4 91",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "heathen, not Judeo-Christian-Muslim",
"word": "ètnic"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 4 91",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "heathen, not Judeo-Christian-Muslim",
"word": "pagà"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 4 91",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "heathen, not Judeo-Christian-Muslim",
"word": "hedning"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 4 91",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "heathen, not Judeo-Christian-Muslim",
"word": "pakanallinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 4 91",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jazýčeskij",
"sense": "heathen, not Judeo-Christian-Muslim",
"word": "язы́ческий"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛθ.nɪk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛθnɪk"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-ethnic.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/En-us-ethnic.ogg/En-us-ethnic.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/En-us-ethnic.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ethnick"
}
],
"word": "ethnic"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ethnik"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ethnik",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ethnicus"
},
"expansion": "Latin ethnicus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἐθνικός",
"4": "",
"5": "of or for a nation, heathen"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐθνικός (ethnikós, “of or for a nation, heathen”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔθνος",
"3": "",
"4": "a company\", later \"a people or nation, heathens"
},
"expansion": "ἔθνος (éthnos, “a company\", later \"a people or nation, heathens”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ethnik, from Latin ethnicus (\"pagan\", \"heathen\"), from Ancient Greek ἐθνικός (ethnikós, “of or for a nation, heathen”), from ἔθνος (éthnos, “a company\", later \"a people or nation, heathens”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ethnics",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ethnic (plural ethnics)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An ethnic person, especially a foreigner or member of an immigrant community."
],
"id": "en-ethnic-en-noun-9O7SbZXY",
"links": [
[
"foreigner",
"foreigner"
],
[
"immigrant",
"immigrant"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "86 11 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "ethnic person, notably when foreigner or immigrant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vreemdeling"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ethnic person, notably when foreigner or immigrant",
"word": "Fremder"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ethnic person, notably when foreigner or immigrant",
"word": "Ausländer"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 11 3",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "jon jeat",
"sense": "ethnic person, notably when foreigner or immigrant",
"word": "ជនជាតិ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1641, John Milton, Of Reformation in England",
"text": "...And the people of God, redeemed and washed with Christ's blood, and dignified with so many glorious titles of saints and sons in the Gospel, are now no better reputed than impure ethnics and lay dogs...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A heathen, a pagan."
],
"id": "en-ethnic-en-noun-R1YeZ0uC",
"links": [
[
"heathen",
"heathen"
],
[
"pagan",
"pagan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A heathen, a pagan."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 7 14 16 7 3 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006. Cohen. The Hellenistic Settlements in Syria, the Red Sea Basin & North Africa, 151",
"text": "Coinage with the ethnic ΑΝΤΙΟΧΕΩΝ ΠΡΟΣ ΕΥΦΡΑΤΗΝ survives from the mid-second century A.D."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The demonym of an Ancient Greek city."
],
"id": "en-ethnic-en-noun-DlgVlRVx",
"links": [
[
"demonym",
"demonym"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in classical scholarship) The demonym of an Ancient Greek city."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in classical scholarship"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "34 18 47",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"roman": "sgroep",
"sense": "ethnic minority",
"word": "(etnische) minderheid"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛθ.nɪk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛθnɪk"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-ethnic.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/En-us-ethnic.ogg/En-us-ethnic.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/En-us-ethnic.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ethnick"
}
],
"word": "ethnic"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛθnɪk",
"Rhymes:English/ɛθnɪk/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "antiethnic"
},
{
"word": "biethnic"
},
{
"word": "ethnic cleanser"
},
{
"word": "ethnic cleansing"
},
{
"word": "ethnic group"
},
{
"word": "ethnic minority"
},
{
"word": "ethnic music"
},
{
"word": "ethnic slur"
},
{
"word": "ethnic studies"
},
{
"word": "interethnic"
},
{
"word": "intraethnic"
},
{
"word": "meta-ethnic"
},
{
"word": "monoethnic"
},
{
"word": "multiethnic"
},
{
"word": "pluriethnic"
},
{
"word": "polyethnic"
},
{
"word": "supra-ethnic"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ethnik"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ethnik",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ethnicus"
},
"expansion": "Latin ethnicus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἐθνικός",
"4": "",
"5": "of or for a nation, heathen"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐθνικός (ethnikós, “of or for a nation, heathen”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔθνος",
"3": "",
"4": "a company\", later \"a people or nation, heathens"
},
"expansion": "ἔθνος (éthnos, “a company\", later \"a people or nation, heathens”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ethnik, from Latin ethnicus (\"pagan\", \"heathen\"), from Ancient Greek ἐθνικός (ethnikós, “of or for a nation, heathen”), from ἔθνος (éthnos, “a company\", later \"a people or nation, heathens”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more ethnic",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most ethnic",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ethnic (comparative more ethnic, superlative most ethnic)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "ethnical"
},
{
"word": "ethnically"
},
{
"word": "ethnicity"
},
{
"word": "ethnocentric"
},
{
"word": "ethnocultural"
},
{
"word": "ethnography"
},
{
"word": "ethnologeny"
},
{
"word": "ethnology"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There are many ethnic Indonesians in the Netherlands",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to a group of people having common racial, ancestral, national, religious or cultural origins."
],
"links": [
[
"racial",
"racial"
],
[
"ancestral",
"ancestral"
],
[
"national",
"national"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"cultural",
"cultural"
],
[
"origins",
"origins"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I like to eat ethnic food",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Characteristic of a foreign or a minority group's culture."
],
"links": [
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
],
[
"minority",
"minority"
],
[
"culture",
"culture"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008, Ronald D. Cohen, A History of Folk Music Festivals in the United States",
"text": "Indeed, such ethnic music festivals were probably common throughout the country",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1990, European Review of Native American Studies Volumess 4-6",
"text": "contemporary artists are victims of the dichotomization of fine art and folk or ethnic art, where the latter must evince standardized techniques of simplicity, naivete, naturalism, and exoticism.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Michael Campbell., Popular Music in America: The Beat Goes On",
"text": "popular music is usually positioned between classical music on the one hand and folk or ethnic music on the other.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Kip Lornell., Exploring American Folk Music: Ethnic, Grassroots, and Regional Traditions",
"text": "Once you dig below the surface you discover folk, grassroots, and ethnic music throughout the United States",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Representative of a folk or traditional mode of expression."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Heathen, not Jewish, Christian, or Muslim."
],
"links": [
[
"Heathen",
"heathen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Heathen, not Jewish, Christian, or Muslim."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛθ.nɪk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛθnɪk"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-ethnic.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/En-us-ethnic.ogg/En-us-ethnic.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/En-us-ethnic.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "culturally foreign",
"word": "exotic"
},
{
"sense": "heathen",
"word": "pagan"
},
{
"sense": "heathen",
"word": "gentile"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ethnick"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnies"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnik"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕirqiyy",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "عِرْقِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ētʿnik",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "էթնիկ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "azgayin",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "ազգային"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "étnicu"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnik"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "etníčny",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "этні́чны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "etníčeski",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "етни́чески"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "ètnic"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mínzú",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "民族"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "qavmiy"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnik"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnický"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnisk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnisch"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etna"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etniline"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etninen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "ethnique"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "étnico"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "etniḳuri",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "ეთნიკური"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "ethnisch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ethnikós",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "εθνικός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "etni",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "אֶתְנִי"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sañjātīya",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "संजातीय"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "naslī",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "नस्ली"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnikai"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "þjóðernis-"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnis"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnik"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "eitneach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnico"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "minzoku no",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "民族の"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "étnostyq",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "этностық"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "étnikalyq",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "этникалық"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "minjog-ui",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "민족(民族)의"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "etnikalık",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "этникалык"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnisks"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etninis"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "etnički",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "етнички"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnik"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "ethnique"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnisk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnisk"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnic"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qowmi",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "قومی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etniczny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "étnico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnic"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "etníčeskij",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "этни́ческий"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ѐтничкӣ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "ètničkī"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnický"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etničen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "étnico"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnisk"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "qavmī",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "қавмӣ"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "etnikī",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "этникӣ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "châat-dtì-pan",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "ชาติพันธุ์"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnik"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "etníčnyj",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "етні́чний"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "etnik"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "of or relating to a group of people",
"word": "dân tộc"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "pōuttolik",
"sense": "heathen, not Judeo-Christian-Muslim",
"word": "পৌত্তলিক"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ezičeski",
"sense": "heathen, not Judeo-Christian-Muslim",
"word": "езически"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "heathen, not Judeo-Christian-Muslim",
"word": "ètnic"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "heathen, not Judeo-Christian-Muslim",
"word": "pagà"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "heathen, not Judeo-Christian-Muslim",
"word": "hedning"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "heathen, not Judeo-Christian-Muslim",
"word": "pakanallinen"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jazýčeskij",
"sense": "heathen, not Judeo-Christian-Muslim",
"word": "язы́ческий"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "etnisk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "eksotisk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "fremmed"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "etnisch"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "exotisch"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "vreemd"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "etninen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "exotisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "ausländisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "international"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "etnico"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "igug-ui",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "이국(異國)의"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "igukjeog-ida",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "이국적(異國的)이다"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "belonging to a foreign culture",
"word": "etnisk"
}
],
"word": "ethnic"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛθnɪk",
"Rhymes:English/ɛθnɪk/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ethnik"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ethnik",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ethnicus"
},
"expansion": "Latin ethnicus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἐθνικός",
"4": "",
"5": "of or for a nation, heathen"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐθνικός (ethnikós, “of or for a nation, heathen”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔθνος",
"3": "",
"4": "a company\", later \"a people or nation, heathens"
},
"expansion": "ἔθνος (éthnos, “a company\", later \"a people or nation, heathens”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ethnik, from Latin ethnicus (\"pagan\", \"heathen\"), from Ancient Greek ἐθνικός (ethnikós, “of or for a nation, heathen”), from ἔθνος (éthnos, “a company\", later \"a people or nation, heathens”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ethnics",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ethnic (plural ethnics)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An ethnic person, especially a foreigner or member of an immigrant community."
],
"links": [
[
"foreigner",
"foreigner"
],
[
"immigrant",
"immigrant"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1641, John Milton, Of Reformation in England",
"text": "...And the people of God, redeemed and washed with Christ's blood, and dignified with so many glorious titles of saints and sons in the Gospel, are now no better reputed than impure ethnics and lay dogs...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A heathen, a pagan."
],
"links": [
[
"heathen",
"heathen"
],
[
"pagan",
"pagan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A heathen, a pagan."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006. Cohen. The Hellenistic Settlements in Syria, the Red Sea Basin & North Africa, 151",
"text": "Coinage with the ethnic ΑΝΤΙΟΧΕΩΝ ΠΡΟΣ ΕΥΦΡΑΤΗΝ survives from the mid-second century A.D."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The demonym of an Ancient Greek city."
],
"links": [
[
"demonym",
"demonym"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in classical scholarship) The demonym of an Ancient Greek city."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in classical scholarship"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛθ.nɪk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛθnɪk"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-ethnic.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/En-us-ethnic.ogg/En-us-ethnic.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/En-us-ethnic.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ethnick"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "ethnic person, notably when foreigner or immigrant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vreemdeling"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ethnic person, notably when foreigner or immigrant",
"word": "Fremder"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ethnic person, notably when foreigner or immigrant",
"word": "Ausländer"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "jon jeat",
"sense": "ethnic person, notably when foreigner or immigrant",
"word": "ជនជាតិ"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"roman": "sgroep",
"sense": "ethnic minority",
"word": "(etnische) minderheid"
}
],
"word": "ethnic"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.