"embarrassment" meaning in All languages combined

See embarrassment on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ɪmˈbæɹəsmənt/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-embarrassment.wav , LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-embarrassment.wav Forms: embarrassments [plural]
Etymology: From embarrass + -ment. Etymology templates: {{suffix|en|embarrass|ment}} embarrass + -ment Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} embarrassment (countable and uncountable, plural embarrassments)
  1. A state of discomfort arising from bashfulness or consciousness of having violated a social rule; humiliation. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Emotions Translations (state of discomfort): إحْرَاج (ʔiḥrāj) [masculine] (Arabic), збянтэ́жанасць (zbjantéžanascʹ) [feminine] (Belarusian), со́рам (sóram) [masculine] (Belarusian), притеснение (pritesnenie) [neuter] (Bulgarian), стеснение (stesnenie) [neuter] (Bulgarian), barrancu (Campidanese Sardinian), avergonyiment [masculine] (Catalan), تەریقی (terîqî) (Central Kurdish), verlegenheid [feminine] (Dutch), kiusaantuneisuus (Finnish), nolostuminen (Finnish), häpeä (Finnish), embarras [masculine] (French), Verlegenheit [feminine] (German), Peinlichkeit [feminine] (German), Betretenheit [feminine] (German), शर्म (śarm) [feminine] (Hindi), शर्मिंदगी (śarmindgī) [feminine] (Hindi), imbarazzo (Italian), aniutanga (Maori), sjenerthet (Norwegian), sjenanse (Norwegian), forlegenhet (Norwegian), unnselighet (Norwegian), unnseelse (Norwegian), zażenowanie [neuter] (Polish), vergonha [feminine] (Portuguese), jenă [feminine] (Romanian), смуще́ние (smuščénije) [neuter] (Russian), стесне́ние (stesnénije) [neuter] (Russian), стыд (styd) [masculine] (Russian), mpicciu [masculine] (Sicilian), vergüenza [feminine] (Spanish), corte [Spain, colloquial, masculine] (Spanish), bochorno (Spanish), pena (note: Caribbean Islands, Central America, Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela - colloquial) [feminine] (Spanish), plancha [Chile, colloquial, masculine] (Spanish), pudor (note: Uruguay - formal usage in other countries) [Argentina, Chile, especially, masculine] (Spanish), roche [Peru, colloquial, masculine] (Spanish), dalang-hiya (Tagalog), збенте́ження (zbentéžennja) [neuter] (Ukrainian), со́ром (sórom) [masculine] (Ukrainian), שאַנדע (shande) [feminine] (Yiddish)
    Sense id: en-embarrassment-en-noun-~pJT9S2f Disambiguation of Emotions: 55 11 12 2 9 11 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ment, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Central Kurdish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Maori translations, Terms with Norwegian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Sardinian translations, Terms with Sicilian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Tagalog translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations, Terms with Yiddish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 31 10 28 3 13 16 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ment: 32 9 19 3 15 22 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 44 8 18 2 11 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 36 7 26 3 12 15 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 47 5 23 2 10 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 44 7 15 2 15 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 44 7 16 2 13 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 43 7 16 2 13 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 44 7 16 2 13 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Central Kurdish translations: 66 1 12 0 9 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 42 9 16 2 13 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 44 7 15 2 12 20 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 43 8 17 2 12 18 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 45 6 16 2 13 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Hindi translations: 43 6 16 3 15 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 45 6 16 2 13 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 43 6 17 3 14 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Maori translations: 44 7 16 2 13 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian translations: 44 7 16 2 13 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 41 12 15 2 12 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 33 22 12 2 13 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 45 7 15 2 13 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 45 6 16 2 13 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Sardinian translations: 36 25 13 2 11 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Sicilian translations: 44 7 16 2 13 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 51 6 15 1 11 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Tagalog translations: 44 7 16 2 13 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 44 7 16 2 13 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Yiddish translations: 42 10 15 2 13 20 Disambiguation of 'state of discomfort': 57 3 1 36 1 2
  2. A person or thing which is the cause of humiliation to another. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (person whose actions cause humiliation): häpeäpilkku (Finnish), häpeäksi (Finnish), honte (de) (être la) [feminine] (French), vergonha [feminine] (Portuguese), позо́р (pozór) [masculine] (Russian), позо́рище (pozórišče) [neuter] (Russian), שאַנדע (shande) [feminine] (Yiddish)
    Sense id: en-embarrassment-en-noun-zoyDjVuz Disambiguation of 'person whose actions cause humiliation': 10 82 4 0 2 2
  3. A large collection of good or valuable things, especially one that exceeds requirements or causes some sort of hindrance. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-embarrassment-en-noun-P~4dfV1U Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 31 10 28 3 13 16
  4. A state of confusion; hesitation; uncertainty Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (state of confusion): объркване (obǎrkvane) [neuter] (Bulgarian), смущение (smuštenie) [neuter] (Bulgarian), 困窘 (kùnjiǒng) (Chinese Mandarin), hämmennys (Finnish), embarras [masculine] (French), Verlegenheit [feminine] (German), замеша́тельство (zamešátelʹstvo) [neuter] (Russian), затрудне́ние (zatrudnénije) [neuter] (Russian), смяте́ние (smjaténije) [neuter] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-embarrassment-en-noun-S8ESsmJw Disambiguation of 'state of confusion': 21 0 0 78 0 0
  5. (medicine) Impairment of function due to disease: respiratory embarrassment. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Medicine
    Sense id: en-embarrassment-en-noun-L5c8RgNF Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 31 10 28 3 13 16 Topics: medicine, sciences
  6. (dated) Difficulty in financial matters; poverty. Tags: countable, dated, uncountable
    Sense id: en-embarrassment-en-noun-udQI5204 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 31 10 28 3 13 16
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: criterion of embarrassment, embarrassment of riches, empathic embarrassment, how embarrassment, inductive embarrassment, secondhand embarrassment, vicarious embarrassment

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "criterion of embarrassment"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "embarrassment of riches"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "empathic embarrassment"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "how embarrassment"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "inductive embarrassment"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "secondhand embarrassment"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "vicarious embarrassment"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "embarrass",
        "3": "ment"
      },
      "expansion": "embarrass + -ment",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From embarrass + -ment.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "embarrassments",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "embarrassment (countable and uncountable, plural embarrassments)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 10 28 3 13 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 9 19 3 15 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ment",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 8 18 2 11 17",
          "kind": "other",
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        {
          "_dis": "36 7 26 3 12 15",
          "kind": "other",
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        {
          "_dis": "47 5 23 2 10 14",
          "kind": "other",
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          "_dis": "44 7 15 2 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
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        {
          "_dis": "44 7 16 2 13 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "43 7 16 2 13 18",
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          "_dis": "44 7 16 2 13 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "66 1 12 0 9 11",
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          "name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
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          "_dis": "42 9 16 2 13 18",
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          "_dis": "44 7 15 2 12 20",
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          "_dis": "43 8 17 2 12 18",
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          "_dis": "45 6 16 2 13 18",
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        {
          "_dis": "43 6 16 3 15 18",
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          "name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "45 6 16 2 13 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "43 6 17 3 14 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "44 7 16 2 13 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Maori translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "44 7 16 2 13 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "41 12 15 2 12 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
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        {
          "_dis": "33 22 12 2 13 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "45 7 15 2 13 17",
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          "_dis": "45 6 16 2 13 18",
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          "_dis": "36 25 13 2 11 14",
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        {
          "_dis": "44 7 16 2 13 18",
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        {
          "_dis": "51 6 15 1 11 16",
          "kind": "other",
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        {
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        {
          "_dis": "55 11 12 2 9 11",
          "kind": "topical",
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          "orig": "en:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1998 February 22, Judith Martin, “Tease and sympathy”, in The Washington Post:",
          "text": "The desired effect [of affectionate teasing] is a look of pleasurable embarrassment, as if you administered a compliment. Anyone who doesn't stop teasing immediately upon producing real embarrassment, anger or tears is not really teasing.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A state of discomfort arising from bashfulness or consciousness of having violated a social rule; humiliation."
      ],
      "id": "en-embarrassment-en-noun-~pJT9S2f",
      "links": [
        [
          "discomfort",
          "discomfort"
        ],
        [
          "bashfulness",
          "bashfulness"
        ],
        [
          "humiliation",
          "humiliation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ʔiḥrāj",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "إحْرَاج"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "zbjantéžanascʹ",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "збянтэ́жанасць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "sóram",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "со́рам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "pritesnenie",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "притеснение"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "stesnenie",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "стеснение"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "avergonyiment"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "verlegenheid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "word": "kiusaantuneisuus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "word": "nolostuminen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "word": "häpeä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "embarras"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Verlegenheit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Peinlichkeit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Betretenheit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "śarm",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "शर्म"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "śarmindgī",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "शर्मिंदगी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "word": "imbarazzo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "ckb",
          "lang": "Central Kurdish",
          "roman": "terîqî",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "word": "تەریقی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "word": "aniutanga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "word": "sjenerthet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "word": "sjenanse"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "word": "forlegenhet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "word": "unnselighet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "word": "unnseelse"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "zażenowanie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "vergonha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "jenă"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "smuščénije",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "смуще́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "stesnénije",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "стесне́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "styd",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "стыд"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "sc",
          "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "word": "barrancu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mpicciu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "vergüenza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "Spain",
            "colloquial",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "corte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "word": "bochorno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "note": "Caribbean Islands, Central America, Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela - colloquial",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pena"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "Chile",
            "colloquial",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plancha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "note": "Uruguay - formal usage in other countries",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "Argentina",
            "Chile",
            "especially",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pudor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "Peru",
            "colloquial",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "roche"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "word": "dalang-hiya"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zbentéžennja",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "збенте́ження"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "sórom",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "со́ром"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "57 3 1 36 1 2",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "shande",
          "sense": "state of discomfort",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "שאַנדע"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Jack, you are an embarrassment to this family.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Losing this highly publicized case was an embarrassment to the firm.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014 August 21, “A brazen heist in Paris [print version: International New York Times, 22 August 2014, p. 8]”, in The New York Times:",
          "text": "The audacious hijacking in Paris of a van carrying the baggage of a Saudi prince to his private jet is obviously an embarrassment to the French capital, whose ultra-high-end boutiques have suffered a spate of heists in recent months.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person or thing which is the cause of humiliation to another."
      ],
      "id": "en-embarrassment-en-noun-zoyDjVuz",
      "links": [
        [
          "humiliation",
          "humiliation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "10 82 4 0 2 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "person whose actions cause humiliation",
          "word": "häpeäpilkku"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 82 4 0 2 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "person whose actions cause humiliation",
          "word": "häpeäksi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 82 4 0 2 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "roman": "être la",
          "sense": "person whose actions cause humiliation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "honte (de)"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 82 4 0 2 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "person whose actions cause humiliation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "vergonha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 82 4 0 2 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pozór",
          "sense": "person whose actions cause humiliation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "позо́р"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 82 4 0 2 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pozórišče",
          "sense": "person whose actions cause humiliation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "позо́рище"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 82 4 0 2 2",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "shande",
          "sense": "person whose actions cause humiliation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "שאַנדע"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 10 28 3 13 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1914, Collier's, page 30:",
          "text": "There are over 5,000 Americans now in Paris, many artists, singers, musicians, writers, and actors, so many, indeed, the committee could hardly pick a program from an embarrassment of volunteers.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1996, David Morgan Evans, Peter Salway, David Thackray, The Remains of Distant Times: Archaeology and the National Trust, Boydell & Brewer, →ISBN, page 188:",
          "text": "The landscape presented an embarrassment of riches for the industrial archaeologist, and eighteenth- and nineteenth-century remains were still visible in abundance",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, Frank Boccia, The Crouching Beast: A United States Army Lieutenant's Account of the Battle for Hamburger Hill, May 1969, McFarland, →ISBN, page 256:",
          "text": "At one time, I reflected, we'd had an embarrassment of good, qualified squad leader—ready men in the platoon.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A large collection of good or valuable things, especially one that exceeds requirements or causes some sort of hindrance."
      ],
      "id": "en-embarrassment-en-noun-P~4dfV1U",
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1785, James Ridgway, A Dictionary of Literary Conversation:",
          "text": "[…]and render them more intelligible than all the commentaries which have been written on them, for they generally render the authour more obscure, and lead the reader into greater embarrassments, by what they explain, than by what they leave untouched.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A state of confusion; hesitation; uncertainty"
      ],
      "id": "en-embarrassment-en-noun-S8ESsmJw",
      "links": [
        [
          "confusion",
          "confusion"
        ],
        [
          "hesitation",
          "hesitation"
        ],
        [
          "uncertainty",
          "uncertainty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "21 0 0 78 0 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "obǎrkvane",
          "sense": "state of confusion",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "объркване"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 0 0 78 0 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "smuštenie",
          "sense": "state of confusion",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "смущение"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 0 0 78 0 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "kùnjiǒng",
          "sense": "state of confusion",
          "word": "困窘"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 0 0 78 0 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "state of confusion",
          "word": "hämmennys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 0 0 78 0 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "state of confusion",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "embarras"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 0 0 78 0 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "state of confusion",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Verlegenheit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 0 0 78 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zamešátelʹstvo",
          "sense": "state of confusion",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "замеша́тельство"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 0 0 78 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zatrudnénije",
          "sense": "state of confusion",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "затрудне́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 0 0 78 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "smjaténije",
          "sense": "state of confusion",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "смяте́ние"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Medicine",
          "orig": "en:Medicine",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Healthcare",
            "Sciences",
            "Health",
            "All topics",
            "Body",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 10 28 3 13 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Impairment of function due to disease: respiratory embarrassment."
      ],
      "id": "en-embarrassment-en-noun-L5c8RgNF",
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine) Impairment of function due to disease: respiratory embarrassment."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 10 28 3 13 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Difficulty in financial matters; poverty."
      ],
      "id": "en-embarrassment-en-noun-udQI5204",
      "links": [
        [
          "financial",
          "financial"
        ],
        [
          "poverty",
          "poverty"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) Difficulty in financial matters; poverty."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "dated",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪmˈbæɹəsmənt/"
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}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -ment",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hindi translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Sardinian translations",
    "Terms with Sicilian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Tagalog translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "Terms with Yiddish translations",
    "en:Emotions"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "criterion of embarrassment"
    },
    {
      "word": "embarrassment of riches"
    },
    {
      "word": "empathic embarrassment"
    },
    {
      "word": "how embarrassment"
    },
    {
      "word": "inductive embarrassment"
    },
    {
      "word": "secondhand embarrassment"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicarious embarrassment"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "embarrass",
        "3": "ment"
      },
      "expansion": "embarrass + -ment",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From embarrass + -ment.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "embarrassments",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "embarrassment (countable and uncountable, plural embarrassments)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1998 February 22, Judith Martin, “Tease and sympathy”, in The Washington Post:",
          "text": "The desired effect [of affectionate teasing] is a look of pleasurable embarrassment, as if you administered a compliment. Anyone who doesn't stop teasing immediately upon producing real embarrassment, anger or tears is not really teasing.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A state of discomfort arising from bashfulness or consciousness of having violated a social rule; humiliation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "discomfort",
          "discomfort"
        ],
        [
          "bashfulness",
          "bashfulness"
        ],
        [
          "humiliation",
          "humiliation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Jack, you are an embarrassment to this family.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Losing this highly publicized case was an embarrassment to the firm.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014 August 21, “A brazen heist in Paris [print version: International New York Times, 22 August 2014, p. 8]”, in The New York Times:",
          "text": "The audacious hijacking in Paris of a van carrying the baggage of a Saudi prince to his private jet is obviously an embarrassment to the French capital, whose ultra-high-end boutiques have suffered a spate of heists in recent months.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person or thing which is the cause of humiliation to another."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humiliation",
          "humiliation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1914, Collier's, page 30:",
          "text": "There are over 5,000 Americans now in Paris, many artists, singers, musicians, writers, and actors, so many, indeed, the committee could hardly pick a program from an embarrassment of volunteers.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1996, David Morgan Evans, Peter Salway, David Thackray, The Remains of Distant Times: Archaeology and the National Trust, Boydell & Brewer, →ISBN, page 188:",
          "text": "The landscape presented an embarrassment of riches for the industrial archaeologist, and eighteenth- and nineteenth-century remains were still visible in abundance",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, Frank Boccia, The Crouching Beast: A United States Army Lieutenant's Account of the Battle for Hamburger Hill, May 1969, McFarland, →ISBN, page 256:",
          "text": "At one time, I reflected, we'd had an embarrassment of good, qualified squad leader—ready men in the platoon.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A large collection of good or valuable things, especially one that exceeds requirements or causes some sort of hindrance."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
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      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1785, James Ridgway, A Dictionary of Literary Conversation:",
          "text": "[…]and render them more intelligible than all the commentaries which have been written on them, for they generally render the authour more obscure, and lead the reader into greater embarrassments, by what they explain, than by what they leave untouched.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A state of confusion; hesitation; uncertainty"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "confusion",
          "confusion"
        ],
        [
          "hesitation",
          "hesitation"
        ],
        [
          "uncertainty",
          "uncertainty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Medicine"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Impairment of function due to disease: respiratory embarrassment."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine) Impairment of function due to disease: respiratory embarrassment."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dated terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Difficulty in financial matters; poverty."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "financial",
          "financial"
        ],
        [
          "poverty",
          "poverty"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) Difficulty in financial matters; poverty."
      ],
      "tags": [
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        "dated",
        "uncountable"
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  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ʔiḥrāj",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "إحْرَاج"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "zbjantéžanascʹ",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "збянтэ́жанасць"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "sóram",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "со́рам"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "pritesnenie",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "притеснение"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "stesnenie",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "стеснение"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "avergonyiment"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "verlegenheid"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "word": "kiusaantuneisuus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "word": "nolostuminen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "word": "häpeä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "embarras"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Verlegenheit"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Peinlichkeit"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Betretenheit"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "śarm",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "शर्म"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "śarmindgī",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "शर्मिंदगी"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "word": "imbarazzo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ckb",
      "lang": "Central Kurdish",
      "roman": "terîqî",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "word": "تەریقی"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "word": "aniutanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "word": "aniutanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "word": "sjenerthet"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "word": "sjenanse"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "word": "forlegenhet"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "word": "unnselighet"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "word": "unnseelse"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "zażenowanie"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "vergonha"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "jenă"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "smuščénije",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "смуще́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "stesnénije",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "стесне́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "styd",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "стыд"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "word": "barrancu"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mpicciu"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "vergüenza"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "Spain",
        "colloquial",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "corte"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "word": "bochorno"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "note": "Caribbean Islands, Central America, Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela - colloquial",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pena"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "Chile",
        "colloquial",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plancha"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "note": "Uruguay - formal usage in other countries",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "Argentina",
        "Chile",
        "especially",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pudor"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "Peru",
        "colloquial",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "roche"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "word": "dalang-hiya"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zbentéžennja",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "збенте́ження"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "sórom",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "со́ром"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "shande",
      "sense": "state of discomfort",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "שאַנדע"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "obǎrkvane",
      "sense": "state of confusion",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "объркване"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "smuštenie",
      "sense": "state of confusion",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "смущение"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "kùnjiǒng",
      "sense": "state of confusion",
      "word": "困窘"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "state of confusion",
      "word": "hämmennys"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "state of confusion",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "embarras"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "state of confusion",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Verlegenheit"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zamešátelʹstvo",
      "sense": "state of confusion",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "замеша́тельство"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zatrudnénije",
      "sense": "state of confusion",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "затрудне́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "smjaténije",
      "sense": "state of confusion",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "смяте́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "person whose actions cause humiliation",
      "word": "häpeäpilkku"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "person whose actions cause humiliation",
      "word": "häpeäksi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "roman": "être la",
      "sense": "person whose actions cause humiliation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "honte (de)"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "person whose actions cause humiliation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "vergonha"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pozór",
      "sense": "person whose actions cause humiliation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "позо́р"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pozórišče",
      "sense": "person whose actions cause humiliation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "позо́рище"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "shande",
      "sense": "person whose actions cause humiliation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "שאַנדע"
    }
  ],
  "word": "embarrassment"
}

Download raw JSONL data for embarrassment meaning in All languages combined (13.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.