See dux on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dux",
"4": "",
"5": "leader"
},
"expansion": "Latin dux (“leader”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "doge",
"3": "duc",
"4": "duce",
"5": "duke"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of doge, duc, duce, and duke",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin dux (“leader”). Doublet of doge, duc, duce, and duke.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duxes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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{
"args": {
"1": "+",
"2": "duces"
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "duke"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dux bellorum"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "doge"
}
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
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{
"kind": "other",
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"_dis": "69 23 8",
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{
"_dis": "46 36 18",
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{
"ref": "1849, Wilhelm Steven, The History of the High School of Edinburgh, page 191:",
"text": "[…]on the motion of Sir John Marjoribanks, Bart., Lord Provost, unanimously resolved, July 27, 1814, “that there be annually presented by the town of Edinburgh to the boy at the head of the Greek class, taught by the rector of the High School, a gold medal of the same value [five guineas] as that annually presented to the dux of the Latin class.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Keith Scott, Gareth Evans, page 29:",
"text": "He finished the year dux of Form III with an average 90 per cent over eight subjects. The school did not award end-of-year marks in fourth and fifth forms, but Evans’ report for those years shows he passed all subjects in both years and was again dux in Form V.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Roger K. A. Allen, Ballina Boy, page 28:",
"text": "This school was where my father had been dux in his senior year in 1937 just as his father had been dux at the Rockhampton Grammar School²⁷ before the turn of the 19th century.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, A. Lydiard, Running to the Top, page 17:",
"text": "Quite a few who became national athletic champions were also duxes or top academic pupils at their schools.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The top (male or female) academic student in a school, or in a year of school; the top student in a specified academic discipline."
],
"id": "en-dux-en-noun-MOMnYqV2",
"links": [
[
"school",
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[
"year",
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, Australia, New Zealand) The top (male or female) academic student in a school, or in a year of school; the top student in a specified academic discipline."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"North-America"
],
"word": "valedictorian"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand",
"UK"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A high-ranking commander in the Roman army, responsible for more than one legion."
],
"id": "en-dux-en-noun-h9mNdPRs",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A high-ranking commander in the Roman army, responsible for more than one legion."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "en:Music",
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"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The subject of a fugue, answered by the comes."
],
"id": "en-dux-en-noun-0-u0yqjd",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"fugue",
"fugue"
],
[
"comes",
"comes"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) The subject of a fugue, answered by the comes."
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/dʌks/"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 dux.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/EN-AU_ck1_dux.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_dux.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/EN-AU_ck1_dux.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌks"
},
{
"homophone": "ducks"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:dux"
],
"word": "dux"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "ru",
"3": "дух"
},
"expansion": "Russian дух (dux)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian дух (dux).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duxu",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
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"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "duxum",
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"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "duxlarım",
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"first-person",
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxun",
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"nominative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxların",
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"nominative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "duxu",
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"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
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{
"form": "duxları",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular",
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},
{
"form": "duxumuz",
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"first-person",
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"plural",
"possessive"
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},
{
"form": "duxlarımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunuz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
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},
{
"form": "duxu",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxları",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumu",
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumuzu",
"source": "declension",
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"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
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},
{
"form": "duxlarımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunuzu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumuza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunuza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumuzda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunuzda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxundan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxundan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumuzdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunuzdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxundan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumuzun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunuzun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dux (definite accusative duxu, plural duxlar)",
"name": "az-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Azerbaijani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "it takes courage to do this!",
"text": "bunu eləmək üçün dux lazımdır!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I lack the courage to do this",
"text": "buna duxum çatmır",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"courage"
],
"id": "en-dux-az-noun-RJKqvXM~",
"links": [
[
"courage",
"courage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, proscribed) courage"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"vulgar"
],
"word": "göt"
},
{
"word": "cəsarət"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"proscribed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[duχ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9292 (aze)-Zardabi Bakuvi-dux.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zardabi_Bakuvi-dux.wav/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zardabi_Bakuvi-dux.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "dux"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Medieval"
],
"word": "archidux"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Medieval"
],
"word": "condux"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ducātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ēducō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "trādux"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Inherited:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "dûs"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: dûs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: dûs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "dûxe",
"3": "Dûxe"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: dûxe, Dûxe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: dûxe, Dûxe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "dus"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: dus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: dus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "doxe"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: doxe, Doxe, doze, Doze — non-traditional spelling\n→ Italian: doge\n→ Arabic: دوج (dōj)\n→ Czech: dóže\n→ English: doge\n→ Esperanto: doĝo\n→ Irish: dóg\n→ Finnish: doge\n→ French: doge\n→ German: Doge\n→ Ido: dojo\n→ Polish: doża\n→ Russian: дож (dož)\n→ Armenian: դոժ (dož)\n→ Azerbaijani: doj\n→ Georgian: დოჟი (doži)\n→ Kazakh: дож (doj)\n→ Ukrainian: дож (dož)\n→ Greek: δόγης (dógis)\n→ Hungarian: dózse\n→ Macedonian: дужд (dužd)\n→ Ottoman Turkish: دوژ (doj)\n→ Portuguese: doge\n→ Romanian: doge\n→ Serbo-Croatian: dudž",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: doxe, Doxe, doze, Doze — non-traditional spelling\n→ Italian: doge\n→ Arabic: دوج (dōj)\n→ Czech: dóže\n→ English: doge\n→ Esperanto: doĝo\n→ Irish: dóg\n→ Finnish: doge\n→ French: doge\n→ German: Doge\n→ Ido: dojo\n→ Polish: doża\n→ Russian: дож (dož)\n→ Armenian: դոժ (dož)\n→ Azerbaijani: doj\n→ Georgian: დოჟი (doži)\n→ Kazakh: дож (doj)\n→ Ukrainian: дож (dož)\n→ Greek: δόγης (dógis)\n→ Hungarian: dózse\n→ Macedonian: дужд (dužd)\n→ Ottoman Turkish: دوژ (doj)\n→ Portuguese: doge\n→ Romanian: doge\n→ Serbo-Croatian: dudž"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowed:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δούξ",
"3": "δούκα",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "leader",
"pos2": "acc.sg."
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: δούξ (doúx, “leader”), δούκα (doúka, acc.sg.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: δούξ (doúx, “leader”), δούκα (doúka, acc.sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gkm",
"2": "δούξ",
"3": "δούκα",
"pos2": "acc.sg."
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek: δούξ (doúx), δούκα (doúka, acc.sg.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Byzantine Greek: δούξ (doúx), δούκα (doúka, acc.sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "δούκας",
"gloss": "duke"
},
"expansion": "Greek: δούκας (doúkas, “duke”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: δούκας (doúkas, “duke”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "duca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: duca\n→ Ottoman Turkish: دوقه (duka)\nTurkish: duka",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: duca\n→ Ottoman Turkish: دوقه (duka)\nTurkish: duka"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "duche",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Friulian: duche",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Friulian: duche"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ducă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: ducă",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "duce",
"der": "1",
"id": "duke",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? duce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: ducă ⇒? duce"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "duca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: duca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: duca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "դուքս",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: դուքս (dukʻs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: դուքս (dukʻs)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "դուքս"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: դուքս (dukʻs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: դուքս (dukʻs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dux",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: dux",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: dux"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "duce",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: duce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: duce"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "duc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Occitan: duc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Occitan: duc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "duc",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "duke"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: duc (“duke”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "duchesse",
"der": "1",
"g": "f",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "duchess"
},
"expansion": "⇒ duchesse f (“duchess”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: duc (“duke”) ⇒ duchesse f (“duchess”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "dux",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: dux",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: dux"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dūcō",
"3": "-s",
"pos1": "verb",
"pos2": "noun-forming suffix",
"t1": "lead"
},
"expansion": "dūcō (“lead”, verb) + -s (noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From dūcō (“lead”, verb) + -s (noun-forming suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ducis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dux",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ducēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ducis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ducum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ducī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ducibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ducem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ducēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ducibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dux",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ducēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dux<3>",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "dux m or f (genitive ducis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dux<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "archiducātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūcō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 16 16 23 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 29 1 33 26",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Leaders",
"orig": "la:Leaders",
"parents": [
"People",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.363-364",
"text": "“… Portantur avārī / Pygmaliōnis opēs pelagō; dux fēmina factī.”\n“… The wealth of avaricious Pygmalion they carry across the sea, a woman the leader of the deed.”\n(Venus tells Aeneas about Dido. See: Pygmalion of Tyre.)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"leader, head"
],
"id": "en-dux-la-noun-Ze8Zrzi7",
"links": [
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"head",
"head"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 16 16 23 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 29 1 33 26",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Leaders",
"orig": "la:Leaders",
"parents": [
"People",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 59 0 41 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "la:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"commander, general, captain"
],
"id": "en-dux-la-noun-IJZPn77e",
"links": [
[
"commander",
"commander"
],
[
"general",
"general"
],
[
"captain",
"captain"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 16 16 23 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prince, ruler"
],
"id": "en-dux-la-noun-4nr1Xb47",
"links": [
[
"prince",
"prince"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 4 3 56 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 16 23 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 7 48 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -s",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 29 1 33 26",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Leaders",
"orig": "la:Leaders",
"parents": [
"People",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"guide, cicerone, conductor"
],
"id": "en-dux-la-noun-NHmdPETN",
"links": [
[
"guide",
"guide"
],
[
"cicerone",
"cicerone"
],
[
"conductor",
"conductor"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 16 23 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 14 13 18 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 29 1 33 26",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Leaders",
"orig": "la:Leaders",
"parents": [
"People",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 19 1 18 61",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "la:Nobility",
"parents": [
"High society",
"People",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 30 0 30 40",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "People",
"orig": "la:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"duke"
],
"id": "en-dux-la-noun-9oBEYPUJ",
"links": [
[
"duke",
"duke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) duke"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈduks/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪ʊks̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈduks/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪uks]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"dux",
"la:dux"
],
"word": "dux"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "dux",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "duke",
"word": "duk"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of duk (“duke”)"
],
"id": "en-dux-enm-noun-akdFr8UV",
"links": [
[
"duk",
"duk#Middle_English:_duke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) Alternative form of duk (“duke”)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "dux"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "dux"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin dux",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "duque"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of duque",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin dux. Doublet of duque.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dux",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "#"
},
"expansion": "dux m (plural dux)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dux"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"doge (chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa)"
],
"id": "en-dux-es-noun-b3~dt4aN",
"links": [
[
"doge",
"doge"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"es:dux"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈduɡs/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪uɣ̞s]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɡs"
}
],
"word": "dux"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "ru",
"3": "дух"
},
"expansion": "Russian дух (dux)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian дух (dux).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duxu",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "duxum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumuz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunuz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumuzu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunuzu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumuza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunuza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumuzda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunuzda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxundan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxundan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumuzdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunuzdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxundan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxumuzun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunuzun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxunun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "duxlarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dux (definite accusative duxu, plural duxlar)",
"name": "az-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Azerbaijani colloquialisms",
"Azerbaijani entries with incorrect language header",
"Azerbaijani lemmas",
"Azerbaijani nouns",
"Azerbaijani proscribed terms",
"Azerbaijani terms borrowed from Russian",
"Azerbaijani terms derived from Russian",
"Azerbaijani terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "it takes courage to do this!",
"text": "bunu eləmək üçün dux lazımdır!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I lack the courage to do this",
"text": "buna duxum çatmır",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"courage"
],
"links": [
[
"courage",
"courage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, proscribed) courage"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"vulgar"
],
"word": "göt"
},
{
"word": "cəsarət"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"proscribed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[duχ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9292 (aze)-Zardabi Bakuvi-dux.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zardabi_Bakuvi-dux.wav/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zardabi_Bakuvi-dux.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zardabi_Bakuvi-dux.wav/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zardabi_Bakuvi-dux.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "dux"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewk-",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌks",
"Rhymes:English/ʌks/1 syllable",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "dux",
"4": "",
"5": "leader"
},
"expansion": "Latin dux (“leader”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "doge",
"3": "duc",
"4": "duce",
"5": "duke"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of doge, duc, duce, and duke",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin dux (“leader”). Doublet of doge, duc, duce, and duke.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duxes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "+",
"2": "duces"
},
"expansion": "dux (plural duxes or duces)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "duke"
},
{
"word": "dux bellorum"
},
{
"word": "doge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"British English",
"English terms with quotations",
"New Zealand English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1849, Wilhelm Steven, The History of the High School of Edinburgh, page 191:",
"text": "[…]on the motion of Sir John Marjoribanks, Bart., Lord Provost, unanimously resolved, July 27, 1814, “that there be annually presented by the town of Edinburgh to the boy at the head of the Greek class, taught by the rector of the High School, a gold medal of the same value [five guineas] as that annually presented to the dux of the Latin class.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Keith Scott, Gareth Evans, page 29:",
"text": "He finished the year dux of Form III with an average 90 per cent over eight subjects. The school did not award end-of-year marks in fourth and fifth forms, but Evans’ report for those years shows he passed all subjects in both years and was again dux in Form V.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Roger K. A. Allen, Ballina Boy, page 28:",
"text": "This school was where my father had been dux in his senior year in 1937 just as his father had been dux at the Rockhampton Grammar School²⁷ before the turn of the 19th century.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, A. Lydiard, Running to the Top, page 17:",
"text": "Quite a few who became national athletic champions were also duxes or top academic pupils at their schools.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The top (male or female) academic student in a school, or in a year of school; the top student in a specified academic discipline."
],
"links": [
[
"school",
"school"
],
[
"year",
"year"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, Australia, New Zealand) The top (male or female) academic student in a school, or in a year of school; the top student in a specified academic discipline."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"North-America"
],
"word": "valedictorian"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand",
"UK"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A high-ranking commander in the Roman army, responsible for more than one legion."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A high-ranking commander in the Roman army, responsible for more than one legion."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Music"
],
"glosses": [
"The subject of a fugue, answered by the comes."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"fugue",
"fugue"
],
[
"comes",
"comes"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) The subject of a fugue, answered by the comes."
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dʌks/"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 dux.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/EN-AU_ck1_dux.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_dux.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/EN-AU_ck1_dux.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌks"
},
{
"homophone": "ducks"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:dux"
],
"word": "dux"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with multiple genders",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewk-",
"Latin terms suffixed with -s",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Leaders",
"la:Military",
"la:Nobility",
"la:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"Medieval"
],
"word": "archidux"
},
{
"tags": [
"Medieval"
],
"word": "condux"
},
{
"word": "ducātus"
},
{
"word": "ēducō"
},
{
"word": "trādux"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Inherited:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "dûs"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: dûs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: dûs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "dûxe",
"3": "Dûxe"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: dûxe, Dûxe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: dûxe, Dûxe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "dus"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: dus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: dus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "doxe"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: doxe, Doxe, doze, Doze — non-traditional spelling\n→ Italian: doge\n→ Arabic: دوج (dōj)\n→ Czech: dóže\n→ English: doge\n→ Esperanto: doĝo\n→ Irish: dóg\n→ Finnish: doge\n→ French: doge\n→ German: Doge\n→ Ido: dojo\n→ Polish: doża\n→ Russian: дож (dož)\n→ Armenian: դոժ (dož)\n→ Azerbaijani: doj\n→ Georgian: დოჟი (doži)\n→ Kazakh: дож (doj)\n→ Ukrainian: дож (dož)\n→ Greek: δόγης (dógis)\n→ Hungarian: dózse\n→ Macedonian: дужд (dužd)\n→ Ottoman Turkish: دوژ (doj)\n→ Portuguese: doge\n→ Romanian: doge\n→ Serbo-Croatian: dudž",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: doxe, Doxe, doze, Doze — non-traditional spelling\n→ Italian: doge\n→ Arabic: دوج (dōj)\n→ Czech: dóže\n→ English: doge\n→ Esperanto: doĝo\n→ Irish: dóg\n→ Finnish: doge\n→ French: doge\n→ German: Doge\n→ Ido: dojo\n→ Polish: doża\n→ Russian: дож (dož)\n→ Armenian: դոժ (dož)\n→ Azerbaijani: doj\n→ Georgian: დოჟი (doži)\n→ Kazakh: дож (doj)\n→ Ukrainian: дож (dož)\n→ Greek: δόγης (dógis)\n→ Hungarian: dózse\n→ Macedonian: дужд (dužd)\n→ Ottoman Turkish: دوژ (doj)\n→ Portuguese: doge\n→ Romanian: doge\n→ Serbo-Croatian: dudž"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowed:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δούξ",
"3": "δούκα",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "leader",
"pos2": "acc.sg."
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: δούξ (doúx, “leader”), δούκα (doúka, acc.sg.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: δούξ (doúx, “leader”), δούκα (doúka, acc.sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gkm",
"2": "δούξ",
"3": "δούκα",
"pos2": "acc.sg."
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek: δούξ (doúx), δούκα (doúka, acc.sg.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Byzantine Greek: δούξ (doúx), δούκα (doúka, acc.sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "δούκας",
"gloss": "duke"
},
"expansion": "Greek: δούκας (doúkas, “duke”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: δούκας (doúkas, “duke”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "duca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: duca\n→ Ottoman Turkish: دوقه (duka)\nTurkish: duka",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: duca\n→ Ottoman Turkish: دوقه (duka)\nTurkish: duka"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "duche",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Friulian: duche",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Friulian: duche"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ducă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: ducă",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "duce",
"der": "1",
"id": "duke",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? duce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: ducă ⇒? duce"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "duca",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: duca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: duca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "դուքս",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: դուքս (dukʻs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: դուքս (dukʻs)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "դուքս"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: դուքս (dukʻs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: դուքս (dukʻs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dux",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: dux",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: dux"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "duce",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: duce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: duce"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "duc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Occitan: duc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Occitan: duc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "duc",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "duke"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: duc (“duke”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "duchesse",
"der": "1",
"g": "f",
"nolb": "1",
"t": "duchess"
},
"expansion": "⇒ duchesse f (“duchess”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: duc (“duke”) ⇒ duchesse f (“duchess”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "dux",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: dux",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: dux"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dūcō",
"3": "-s",
"pos1": "verb",
"pos2": "noun-forming suffix",
"t1": "lead"
},
"expansion": "dūcō (“lead”, verb) + -s (noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From dūcō (“lead”, verb) + -s (noun-forming suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ducis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dux",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ducēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ducis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ducum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ducī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ducibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ducem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ducēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "duce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ducibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dux",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ducēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dux<3>",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "dux m or f (genitive ducis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dux<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "archiducātus"
},
{
"word": "dūcō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.363-364",
"text": "“… Portantur avārī / Pygmaliōnis opēs pelagō; dux fēmina factī.”\n“… The wealth of avaricious Pygmalion they carry across the sea, a woman the leader of the deed.”\n(Venus tells Aeneas about Dido. See: Pygmalion of Tyre.)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"leader, head"
],
"links": [
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"head",
"head"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"commander, general, captain"
],
"links": [
[
"commander",
"commander"
],
[
"general",
"general"
],
[
"captain",
"captain"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"prince, ruler"
],
"links": [
[
"prince",
"prince"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"guide, cicerone, conductor"
],
"links": [
[
"guide",
"guide"
],
[
"cicerone",
"cicerone"
],
[
"conductor",
"conductor"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"duke"
],
"links": [
[
"duke",
"duke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) duke"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈduks/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪ʊks̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈduks/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪uks]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"dux",
"la:dux"
],
"word": "dux"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "dux",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "duke",
"word": "duk"
}
],
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of duk (“duke”)"
],
"links": [
[
"duk",
"duk#Middle_English:_duke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) Alternative form of duk (“duke”)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "dux"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "dux"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin dux",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "duque"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of duque",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin dux. Doublet of duque.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dux",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "#"
},
"expansion": "dux m (plural dux)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dux"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɡs",
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɡs/1 syllable",
"Spanish 1-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish doublets",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"doge (chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa)"
],
"links": [
[
"doge",
"doge"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"es:dux"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈduɡs/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪uɣ̞s]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɡs"
}
],
"word": "dux"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dux meaning in All languages combined (24.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"dux"
],
"section": "Azerbaijani",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dux",
"trace": "started on line 60, detected on line 60"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"dux"
],
"section": "Azerbaijani",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dux",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.