See człowiek on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čelověkъ",
"4": "*čьlověkъ",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čelověkъ",
"4": "*čьlověkъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "człowieczk",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"dim": "człowieczk"
},
"expansion": "człowiek m pers (diminutive człowieczk)",
"name": "csb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"czło‧wiek"
],
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "csb",
"name": "People",
"orig": "csb:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man (human)"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-csb-noun-ra6lxKh1",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "człowieczi"
},
{
"word": "człowiekòwati"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃwɔ.vjɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvjɛk"
}
],
"word": "człowiek"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człeczy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowiecki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowieczeński"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowieczy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowiecznie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bezprawny człowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowiectwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowieczeństwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowiek czeladny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowiek galilejski"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowiek grzeszny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowiek odkłonny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grecki człowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "osłoczłowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pospolny człowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "przysięgły pusty człowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zły człowiek"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "człowiek",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Polish: człowiek, czowiek (Chełmno-Dobrzyń)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: człowiek, czowiek (Chełmno-Dobrzyń)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "czowiek",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: czowiek, człowiek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: czowiek, człowiek"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čьlověkъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čьlověkъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ. First attested in the 14th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "człowiek m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "człowiek m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 4b:",
"text": "Tedy vøcz naprzecif gemu nyszadny clouek ne gestcy on vyszetl byl",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1877-1881 [1437], Władysław Wisłocki, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, number 228, page 88:",
"text": "Czlowyek microcosmus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1920 [1406], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 673, Płońsk:",
"text": "Yacom ya ne przyøl Olbrzikowa parobka, ale do mne prziszeth *czlowel zonathy w chicze",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man, human"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-zlw-opl-noun-gVAFV~i1",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"human",
"human"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "człek"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887, 1889 [1391], Józef Lekszycki, editor, Die ältesten großpolnischen Grodbücher, volume I, number 1072, Poznań:",
"text": "Wtenczasz Mikolay bil moy czlovek, kedi gi Passek wsczøgnøl na prauo",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “IV Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 1, 11:",
"text": "Człowiecze boży, toć mowi krol (homo dei, haec dicit rex)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"subject; peasant"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-zlw-opl-noun-mhhTYDd1",
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "człek"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʲɫɔvjɛk/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʲɫɔvjɛk/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "człowiek"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieczeński"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieczy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiekowaty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "jak człowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiek strzela, Pan Bóg kule nosi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiek uczy się na błędach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gdy się człowiek spieszy, to się diabeł cieszy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "góra z górą się nie zejdzie, a człowiek z człowiekiem zawsze"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "przyzwyczajenie jest drugą naturą człowieka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiecze"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "młody człowieku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiectwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieczątko"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieczek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieczeńskość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieczeństwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieczę"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieczość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiek renesansu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiek śniegu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiek z miasta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiekowate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dusza człowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "git-człowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prawa człowieka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strzęp człowieka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nie szata zdobi człowieka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "też człowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "człowieczeć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odczłowieczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odczłowieczać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uczłowieczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "uczłowieczać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "człowiek",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish człowiek",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "człowiek"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish człowiek",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish człowiek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "człowieczyca",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieczyna",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieczysko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "człowiek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowiekowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludziom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowiekiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludźmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludziach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowiecze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"aug": "człowieczyna",
"aug2": "człowieczysko",
"dim": "człowieczek",
"f": "człowieczyca<q:obsolete>"
},
"expansion": "człowiek m pers (female equivalent (obsolete) człowieczyca, diminutive człowieczek, augmentative człowieczyna or człowieczysko)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"czło‧wiek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "człowiek",
"10": "ludźmi",
"11": "człowieku",
"12": "ludziach",
"13": "człowiecze/człowieku",
"14": "ludzie",
"2": "ludzie",
"3": "człowieka",
"4": "ludzi",
"5": "człowiekowi",
"6": "ludziom",
"7": "człowieka",
"8": "ludzi",
"9": "człowiekiem"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "67 0 4 18 0 0 5 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "People",
"orig": "pl:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonym: osoba"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man, human, human being; person"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-pl-noun-ilnMUw2k",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"human being",
"human being"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"man (adult male)"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-pl-noun-WZMJs0xE",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dorosły"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 28 10 3 24 23 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 27 10 2 21 28 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 23 22 2 18 26 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "person of business",
"text": "człowiek biznesu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person (being that characterizes a particular thing)"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-pl-noun-Ww4o5AWo",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 1 27 10 2 21 28 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 23 22 2 18 26 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person (someone who behaves well and does positive things)"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-pl-noun-fTg1StPo",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"worker; man, person"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-pl-noun-3PlRrgdr",
"links": [
[
"worker",
"worker"
],
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) worker; man, person"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pracownik"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 28 10 3 24 23 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 27 10 2 21 28 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 23 22 2 18 26 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "president's man",
"text": "człowiek prezydenta",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person, man (someone underneath someone else in hierarchy)"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-pl-noun-MEzpGZ6T",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) person, man (someone underneath someone else in hierarchy)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 12 2 2 17 14 2 5 40 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 8 1 1 18 15 1 4 47 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 24 12 2 15 34 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 28 10 3 24 23 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 27 10 2 21 28 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 23 22 2 18 26 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 2 16 15 2 7 40 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Hominids",
"orig": "pl:Hominids",
"parents": [
"Primates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to refer to oneself instead of ja"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-pl-noun-8xMMR7EM",
"links": [
[
"ja",
"ja#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) used to refer to oneself instead of ja"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ja"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Żywiec Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of kobieta"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-pl-noun-ZPhMlfIx",
"links": [
[
"kobieta",
"kobieta#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Żywiec) Synonym of kobieta"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "kobieta"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʂwɔ.vjɛk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʂɫɔ.vjɛk/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʂwɔ.vjɛk/",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvjɛk"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń",
"word": "czowiek"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "człowiek"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "człowiek m pers",
"name": "szl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"czło‧wiek"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "czowiek"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of czowiek"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-szl-noun-jOFajjyS",
"links": [
[
"czowiek",
"czowiek#Silesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʂwɔ.vjɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvjɛk"
}
],
"word": "człowiek"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čelověkъ",
"4": "*čьlověkъ",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čelověkъ",
"4": "*čьlověkъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "człowieczk",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"dim": "człowieczk"
},
"expansion": "człowiek m pers (diminutive człowieczk)",
"name": "csb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"czło‧wiek"
],
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "człowieczi"
},
{
"word": "człowiekòwati"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
"Kashubian lemmas",
"Kashubian masculine nouns",
"Kashubian nouns",
"Kashubian personal nouns",
"Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Kashubian/ɔvjɛk",
"Rhymes:Kashubian/ɔvjɛk/2 syllables",
"csb:People"
],
"glosses": [
"man (human)"
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃwɔ.vjɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvjɛk"
}
],
"word": "człowiek"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "człeczy"
},
{
"word": "człowiecki"
},
{
"word": "człowieczeński"
},
{
"word": "człowieczy"
},
{
"word": "człowiecznie"
},
{
"word": "bezprawny człowiek"
},
{
"word": "człek"
},
{
"word": "człowiectwo"
},
{
"word": "człowieczeństwo"
},
{
"word": "człowiek czeladny"
},
{
"word": "człowiek galilejski"
},
{
"word": "człowiek grzeszny"
},
{
"word": "człowiek odkłonny"
},
{
"word": "grecki człowiek"
},
{
"word": "osłoczłowiek"
},
{
"word": "pospolny człowiek"
},
{
"word": "przysięgły pusty człowiek"
},
{
"word": "zły człowiek"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "człowiek",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Polish: człowiek, czowiek (Chełmno-Dobrzyń)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: człowiek, czowiek (Chełmno-Dobrzyń)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "czowiek",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: czowiek, człowiek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: czowiek, człowiek"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čьlověkъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čьlověkъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ. First attested in the 14th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "człowiek m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "człowiek m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 4b:",
"text": "Tedy vøcz naprzecif gemu nyszadny clouek ne gestcy on vyszetl byl",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1877-1881 [1437], Władysław Wisłocki, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, number 228, page 88:",
"text": "Czlowyek microcosmus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1920 [1406], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 673, Płońsk:",
"text": "Yacom ya ne przyøl Olbrzikowa parobka, ale do mne prziszeth *czlowel zonathy w chicze",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man, human"
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"human",
"human"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "człek"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887, 1889 [1391], Józef Lekszycki, editor, Die ältesten großpolnischen Grodbücher, volume I, number 1072, Poznań:",
"text": "Wtenczasz Mikolay bil moy czlovek, kedi gi Passek wsczøgnøl na prauo",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “IV Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 1, 11:",
"text": "Człowiecze boży, toć mowi krol (homo dei, haec dicit rex)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"subject; peasant"
],
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "człek"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʲɫɔvjɛk/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʲɫɔvjɛk/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "człowiek"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish suppletive nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvjɛk",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvjɛk/2 syllables",
"pl:Hominids",
"pl:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "człowieczeński"
},
{
"word": "człowieczy"
},
{
"word": "człowiekowaty"
},
{
"word": "jak człowiek"
},
{
"word": "człowiek strzela, Pan Bóg kule nosi"
},
{
"word": "człowiek uczy się na błędach"
},
{
"word": "gdy się człowiek spieszy, to się diabeł cieszy"
},
{
"word": "góra z górą się nie zejdzie, a człowiek z człowiekiem zawsze"
},
{
"word": "przyzwyczajenie jest drugą naturą człowieka"
},
{
"word": "człowiecze"
},
{
"word": "człowieku"
},
{
"word": "młody człowieku"
},
{
"word": "człowiectwo"
},
{
"word": "człowieczątko"
},
{
"word": "człowieczek"
},
{
"word": "człowieczeńskość"
},
{
"word": "człowieczeństwo"
},
{
"word": "człowieczę"
},
{
"word": "człowieczość"
},
{
"word": "człowiek renesansu"
},
{
"word": "człowiek śniegu"
},
{
"word": "człowiek z miasta"
},
{
"word": "człowiekowate"
},
{
"word": "dusza człowiek"
},
{
"word": "git-człowiek"
},
{
"word": "prawa człowieka"
},
{
"word": "strzęp człowieka"
},
{
"word": "nie szata zdobi człowieka"
},
{
"word": "też człowiek"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "człowieczeć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odczłowieczyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odczłowieczać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uczłowieczyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "uczłowieczać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "człowiek",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish człowiek",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "człowiek"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish człowiek",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish człowiek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "człowieczyca",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieczyna",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieczysko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "człowiek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowiekowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludziom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowiekiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludźmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludziach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowiecze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"aug": "człowieczyna",
"aug2": "człowieczysko",
"dim": "człowieczek",
"f": "człowieczyca<q:obsolete>"
},
"expansion": "człowiek m pers (female equivalent (obsolete) człowieczyca, diminutive człowieczek, augmentative człowieczyna or człowieczysko)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"czło‧wiek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "człowiek",
"10": "ludźmi",
"11": "człowieku",
"12": "ludziach",
"13": "człowiecze/człowieku",
"14": "ludzie",
"2": "ludzie",
"3": "człowieka",
"4": "ludzi",
"5": "człowiekowi",
"6": "ludziom",
"7": "człowieka",
"8": "ludzi",
"9": "człowiekiem"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonym: osoba"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man, human, human being; person"
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"human being",
"human being"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"man (adult male)"
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dorosły"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "person of business",
"text": "człowiek biznesu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person (being that characterizes a particular thing)"
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"person (someone who behaves well and does positive things)"
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"worker; man, person"
],
"links": [
[
"worker",
"worker"
],
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) worker; man, person"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pracownik"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "president's man",
"text": "człowiek prezydenta",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person, man (someone underneath someone else in hierarchy)"
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) person, man (someone underneath someone else in hierarchy)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"used to refer to oneself instead of ja"
],
"links": [
[
"ja",
"ja#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) used to refer to oneself instead of ja"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ja"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Żywiec Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of kobieta"
],
"links": [
[
"kobieta",
"kobieta#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Żywiec) Synonym of kobieta"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "kobieta"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʂwɔ.vjɛk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʂɫɔ.vjɛk/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʂwɔ.vjɛk/",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvjɛk"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń",
"word": "czowiek"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "człowiek"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "człowiek m pers",
"name": "szl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"czło‧wiek"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "czowiek"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ɔvjɛk",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ɔvjɛk/2 syllables",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian masculine nouns",
"Silesian nouns",
"Silesian personal nouns",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of czowiek"
],
"links": [
[
"czowiek",
"czowiek#Silesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʂwɔ.vjɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvjɛk"
}
],
"word": "człowiek"
}
Download raw JSONL data for człowiek meaning in All languages combined (13.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'człowiek m animacy unattested' in 'człowiek m animacy unattested'",
"path": [
"człowiek"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "człowiek",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Żywiec",
"path": [
"człowiek"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "człowiek",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Żywiec",
"path": [
"człowiek"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "człowiek",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.