See człowiek on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for człowiek meaning in All languages combined (15.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čelověkъ",
"4": "*čьlověkъ",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čelověkъ",
"4": "*čьlověkъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "człowiek m pers",
"name": "csb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"czło‧wiek"
],
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "csb",
"name": "People",
"orig": "csb:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man (human)"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-csb-noun-ra6lxKh1",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃwɔvjɛk/"
}
],
"word": "człowiek"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człeczy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowiecki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowieczeński"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowieczy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowiecznie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bezprawny człowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowiectwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowieczeństwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowiek czeladny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowiek galilejski"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowiek grzeszny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "człowiek odkłonny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grecki człowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "osłoczłowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pospolny człowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "przysięgły pusty człowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zły człowiek"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-mas",
"2": "cłoziek"
},
"expansion": "Masurian: cłoziek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Masurian: cłoziek"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "człowiek"
},
"expansion": "Polish: człowiek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: człowiek"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "czowiek",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: czowiek, człowiek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: czowiek, człowiek"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čьlověkъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čьlověkъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century.",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ. First attested in the 14th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "człowiek m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "człowiek m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"man, human"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-zlw-opl-noun-gVAFV~i1",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"human",
"human"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "człek"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"subject; peasant"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-zlw-opl-noun-mhhTYDd1",
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "człek"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʲɫɔvjɛk/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʲɫɔvjɛk/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "człowiek"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieczeński"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieczy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiekowaty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "jak człowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiek strzela, Pan Bóg kule nosi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiek uczy się na błędach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gdy się człowiek spieszy, to się diabeł cieszy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "góra z górą się nie zejdzie, a człowiek z człowiekiem zawsze"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "przyzwyczajenie jest drugą naturą człowieka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiecze"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "młody człowieku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiectwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieczątko"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieczek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieczeńskość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieczeństwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieczę"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowieczość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiek renesansu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiek śniegu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiek z miasta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "człowiekowate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dusza człowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "git-człowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prawa człowieka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strzęp człowieka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nie szata zdobi człowieka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "też człowiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "człowieczeć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odczłowieczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odczłowieczać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uczłowieczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "uczłowieczać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "człowiek",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish człowiek",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "człowiek"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish człowiek",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish człowiek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "człowieczyca",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieczyna",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieczysko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "człowiek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowiekowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludziom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowiekiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludźmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludziach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowiecze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"aug": "człowieczyna",
"aug2": "człowieczysko",
"dim": "człowieczek",
"f": "człowieczyca<q:obsolete>"
},
"expansion": "człowiek m pers (female equivalent (obsolete) człowieczyca, diminutive człowieczek, augmentative człowieczyna or człowieczysko)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"czło‧wiek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "człowiek",
"10": "ludźmi",
"11": "człowieku",
"12": "ludziach",
"13": "człowiecze/człowieku",
"14": "ludzie",
"2": "ludzie",
"3": "człowieka",
"4": "ludzi",
"5": "człowiekowi",
"6": "ludziom",
"7": "człowieka",
"8": "ludzi",
"9": "człowiekiem"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 2 16 8 2 11 21 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Hominids",
"orig": "pl:Hominids",
"parents": [
"Primates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 0 3 17 0 0 5 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "People",
"orig": "pl:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonym: osoba"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man, human, human being; person"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-pl-noun-ilnMUw2k",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"human being",
"human being"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"man (adult male)"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-pl-noun-WZMJs0xE",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dorosły"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 19 9 2 13 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 2 16 8 2 11 21 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Hominids",
"orig": "pl:Hominids",
"parents": [
"Primates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "człowiek biznesu ― person of business",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person (being that characterizes a particular thing)"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-pl-noun-Ww4o5AWo",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"person (someone who behaves well and does positive things)"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-pl-noun-fTg1StPo",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"worker; man, person"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-pl-noun-3PlRrgdr",
"links": [
[
"worker",
"worker"
],
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) worker; man, person"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pracownik"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 19 9 2 13 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 2 16 8 2 11 21 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Hominids",
"orig": "pl:Hominids",
"parents": [
"Primates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "president's man",
"text": "człowiek prezydenta",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person, man (someone underneath someone else in hierarchy)"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-pl-noun-MEzpGZ6T",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) person, man (someone underneath someone else in hierarchy)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 0 19 9 2 13 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 2 16 8 2 11 21 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Hominids",
"orig": "pl:Hominids",
"parents": [
"Primates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to refer to oneself instead of ja"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-pl-noun-8xMMR7EM",
"links": [
[
"ja",
"ja#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) used to refer to oneself instead of ja"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ja"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 19 9 2 13 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 21 7 2 18 18 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 21 7 2 17 19 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 21 7 2 17 19 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 2 16 8 2 11 21 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Hominids",
"orig": "pl:Hominids",
"parents": [
"Primates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person; Further details are uncertain."
],
"id": "en-człowiek-pl-noun-1ykNgEin",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) person; Further details are uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʂwɔ.vjɛk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʂɫɔ.vjɛk/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvjɛk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "człowiek"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "człowiek m pers",
"name": "szl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"czło‧wiek"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "czowiek"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of czowiek"
],
"id": "en-człowiek-szl-noun-jOFajjyS",
"links": [
[
"czowiek",
"czowiek#Silesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʂwɔvjɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvjɛk"
}
],
"word": "człowiek"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čelověkъ",
"4": "*čьlověkъ",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čelověkъ",
"4": "*čьlověkъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "człowiek m pers",
"name": "csb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"czło‧wiek"
],
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
"Kashubian lemmas",
"Kashubian masculine nouns",
"Kashubian nouns",
"Kashubian personal nouns",
"Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"csb:People"
],
"glosses": [
"man (human)"
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃwɔvjɛk/"
}
],
"word": "człowiek"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "człeczy"
},
{
"word": "człowiecki"
},
{
"word": "człowieczeński"
},
{
"word": "człowieczy"
},
{
"word": "człowiecznie"
},
{
"word": "bezprawny człowiek"
},
{
"word": "człek"
},
{
"word": "człowiectwo"
},
{
"word": "człowieczeństwo"
},
{
"word": "człowiek czeladny"
},
{
"word": "człowiek galilejski"
},
{
"word": "człowiek grzeszny"
},
{
"word": "człowiek odkłonny"
},
{
"word": "grecki człowiek"
},
{
"word": "osłoczłowiek"
},
{
"word": "pospolny człowiek"
},
{
"word": "przysięgły pusty człowiek"
},
{
"word": "zły człowiek"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-mas",
"2": "cłoziek"
},
"expansion": "Masurian: cłoziek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Masurian: cłoziek"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "człowiek"
},
"expansion": "Polish: człowiek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: człowiek"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "czowiek",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: czowiek, człowiek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: czowiek, człowiek"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čьlověkъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*čьlověkъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century.",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьlověkъ. First attested in the 14th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "człowiek m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "człowiek m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"man, human"
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"human",
"human"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "człek"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"subject; peasant"
],
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "człek"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʲɫɔvjɛk/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʲɫɔvjɛk/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "człowiek"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish suppletive nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvjɛk",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvjɛk/2 syllables",
"pl:Hominids",
"pl:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "człowieczeński"
},
{
"word": "człowieczy"
},
{
"word": "człowiekowaty"
},
{
"word": "jak człowiek"
},
{
"word": "człowiek strzela, Pan Bóg kule nosi"
},
{
"word": "człowiek uczy się na błędach"
},
{
"word": "gdy się człowiek spieszy, to się diabeł cieszy"
},
{
"word": "góra z górą się nie zejdzie, a człowiek z człowiekiem zawsze"
},
{
"word": "przyzwyczajenie jest drugą naturą człowieka"
},
{
"word": "człowiecze"
},
{
"word": "człowieku"
},
{
"word": "młody człowieku"
},
{
"word": "człowiectwo"
},
{
"word": "człowieczątko"
},
{
"word": "człowieczek"
},
{
"word": "człowieczeńskość"
},
{
"word": "człowieczeństwo"
},
{
"word": "człowieczę"
},
{
"word": "człowieczość"
},
{
"word": "człowiek renesansu"
},
{
"word": "człowiek śniegu"
},
{
"word": "człowiek z miasta"
},
{
"word": "człowiekowate"
},
{
"word": "dusza człowiek"
},
{
"word": "git-człowiek"
},
{
"word": "prawa człowieka"
},
{
"word": "strzęp człowieka"
},
{
"word": "nie szata zdobi człowieka"
},
{
"word": "też człowiek"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "człowieczeć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odczłowieczyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odczłowieczać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uczłowieczyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "uczłowieczać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "człowiek",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish człowiek",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "człowiek"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish człowiek",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish człowiek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "człowieczyca",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieczyna",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieczysko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "człowiek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowiekowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludziom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowiekiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludźmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludziach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "człowiecze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "człowieku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"aug": "człowieczyna",
"aug2": "człowieczysko",
"dim": "człowieczek",
"f": "człowieczyca<q:obsolete>"
},
"expansion": "człowiek m pers (female equivalent (obsolete) człowieczyca, diminutive człowieczek, augmentative człowieczyna or człowieczysko)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"czło‧wiek"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "człowiek",
"10": "ludźmi",
"11": "człowieku",
"12": "ludziach",
"13": "człowiecze/człowieku",
"14": "ludzie",
"2": "ludzie",
"3": "człowieka",
"4": "ludzi",
"5": "człowiekowi",
"6": "ludziom",
"7": "człowieka",
"8": "ludzi",
"9": "człowiekiem"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonym: osoba"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man, human, human being; person"
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"human being",
"human being"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"man (adult male)"
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dorosły"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "człowiek biznesu ― person of business",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person (being that characterizes a particular thing)"
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"person (someone who behaves well and does positive things)"
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"worker; man, person"
],
"links": [
[
"worker",
"worker"
],
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) worker; man, person"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pracownik"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "president's man",
"text": "człowiek prezydenta",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person, man (someone underneath someone else in hierarchy)"
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) person, man (someone underneath someone else in hierarchy)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"used to refer to oneself instead of ja"
],
"links": [
[
"ja",
"ja#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) used to refer to oneself instead of ja"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ja"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"glosses": [
"person; Further details are uncertain."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) person; Further details are uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʂwɔ.vjɛk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʂɫɔ.vjɛk/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvjɛk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "człowiek"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "człowiek m pers",
"name": "szl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"czło‧wiek"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "czowiek"
}
],
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Silesian/ɔvjɛk",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ɔvjɛk/2 syllables",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian masculine nouns",
"Silesian nouns",
"Silesian personal nouns",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of czowiek"
],
"links": [
[
"czowiek",
"czowiek#Silesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʂwɔvjɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvjɛk"
}
],
"word": "człowiek"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.