See kobieta on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kobieciarz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kobieciątko"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kobiecina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kobieta fatalna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kobieta luksusowa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kobieta publiczna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kobieta sukcesu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kobieta z przeszłością"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kobieton"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "być kobietą"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "кабе́та",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: кабе́та (kabjéta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: кабе́та (kabjéta)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "kòbiéta",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kashubian: kòbiéta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kashubian: kòbiéta"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "kobiyta",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Silesian: kobiyta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Silesian: kobiyta"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "kôbjéta",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovincian: kôbjéta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovincian: kôbjéta"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "кобі́та",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: кобі́та (kobíta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: кобі́та (kobíta)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Displaced"
},
"expansion": "Displaced",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "niewiasta",
"sl": "1"
},
"expansion": "Displaced niewiasta",
"name": "displaced"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1545"
},
"expansion": "1545",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1545"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1545",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “kobieta”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "kob",
"nocat": "1",
"t": "pigpen"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish kob (“pigpen”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-mpl",
"2": "kobita"
},
"expansion": "Middle Polish kobita",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "kobe",
"4": "",
"5": "sty, shed",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German kobe (“sty, shed”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Koben"
},
"expansion": "German Koben",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "geit"
},
"expansion": "Dutch geit",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kobь",
"4": "",
"5": "bird-flight divination",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kobь (“bird-flight divination”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "gambetta",
"4": "",
"5": "concubine",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old High German gambetta (“concubine”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "fi",
"3": "kave",
"4": "",
"5": "a creature related to the moon, sky, or air",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kave (“a creature related to the moon, sky, or air”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "et",
"3": "kabu",
"4": "",
"5": "castrated animal",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Estonian kabu (“castrated animal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*kāpëk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *kāpëk",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Displaced niewiasta (now considered poetic) and żona (meaning narrowed down to “wife”). Popularized by the Polish Romantic writers in the 19th century. First attested in 1545.\n* Possibly from Old Polish kob (“pigpen”) or koba (“mare”) (the ending -ieta is found in some contemporaneous female names (e.g. Markieta, Elżbieta, Greta)); however, this theory has been rejected by most etymologists. Compare kobiałka.\n* Boryś asserts the term is a Polish innovation with an unclear root kob- and potentially the original suffix being extended with -ita (compare Middle Polish kobita and najmita), but he rejects the existence of the suffix -ita.\n* Bańkowski asserts that the term is not native and suggests Germanic origin, possibly a compound of Middle High German kobe (“sty, shed”) (compare modern German Koben) and *geit (“goat”) (compare modern Dutch geit), originally meaning “a pen for goats” but also, derogatorily, “an enclosure for service maidens”; however, he also questions why the form is -bie- and not -be-.\n* Sławski also rejects native origin but is ultimately unable to draw connections to other languages.\n* Długosz-Kurczabowa thinks the word may be of native origin, specifically a compound of Proto-Slavic *kobь (“bird-flight divination”) and *věta (“fairy”), but she also does not reject the possibility of foreign origin, suggesting, e.g., Old High German gambetta (“concubine”) or even Finnish kave (“a creature related to the moon, sky, or air”) and Estonian kabu (“castrated animal”) (compare also Proto-Samic *kāpëk), as the source.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kobietka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiecisko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiecy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiecki",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kobieta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiety",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiety",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiecie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobietom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobietę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiety",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobietą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobietami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiecie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobietach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiety",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-mid-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kobieta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiety",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiety",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobietę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiecie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiety",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobietami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobietach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kobita",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiéta",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiyta",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "kobiecy",
"adj2": "kobiecki<q:obsolete>",
"aug": "kobiecisko",
"dim": "kobietka"
},
"expansion": "kobieta f (diminutive kobietka, augmentative kobiecisko, related adjective kobiecy or (obsolete) kobiecki)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ko‧bie‧ta"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ko‧bie‧ta"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"accp": "kobiety",
"accs": "-",
"datp": "-",
"dats": "kobiecie",
"genp": "-",
"gens": "kobiety/kobietę",
"insp": "kobietami",
"inss": "-",
"locp": "kobietach",
"locs": "-",
"nomp": "kobiety",
"noms": "kobieta",
"vocp": "-",
"vocs": "-"
},
"name": "pl-mid-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kobieco"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kobieciarstwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kobiecinka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kobiecość"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 3 24 23",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "pl:Female people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "mężczyzna"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
46,
50
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
53,
60
]
],
"english": "Holding a jug of beer with ginger under them/ Hags will drink and share",
"ref": "1587, M. Bielski, Rozmowa dwu baranów, pages 18, 15:",
"text": "Konew piwá z imbierem pod ſobą piáſtuiąc/ Popiją ſie kobiety ſpołu ſie cżeſtuiąc",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
26,
30
],
[
113,
117
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
34
],
[
115,
124
]
],
"english": "They may call their wives hags, but they themselves are not entirely wise: There will be more stability with our hags, than with the Councillors.",
"ref": "1586, M. Bielski, Sjem niewieści, pages 4, 3:",
"text": "Mogąć oni przezywáć żony kobietámi/ Aleć też nie dokońcá máią rozum ſámi: Naydzie więtſzą ſtátecżność przy náſzych kobietách/ Niżli przy Pániech Rádnych",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
62,
67
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
70
]
],
"english": "Accede ad ignem hunc, iam calesces plus satis. Get close to a woman/ you'll be warm enough now.",
"ref": "1545, Mateusz z Kęt, Ex P. Terentii „Comoediis” Latinissimae colloquiorum formulae ... idiomate Polonico donatae, page Rv:",
"text": "Accede ad ignem hunc, iam caleſces plus ſatis. Przyſtąp ſie do kobiety/ będzieſz ćiepł ná trzy zbyty.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
18
],
[
35,
40
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
16
]
],
"english": "There came a woman, a pretty young woman, dressed in a suit as if she were about to meet a victorious enemy.",
"ref": "1656-1688, Jan Chryzostom Pasek, Pamiętniki, page 57:",
"text": "Przyszła kobieta nadobna młoda achuda iako by znaycięszszego oblezenia.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
21,
26
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"english": "Also [they give] the woman Małgorzata Adamowa and her daughter, and her son […] Also half of all profits from the mill.",
"ref": "1601-1750, Inwentarze dóbr szlacheckich powiatu kaliskiego, volume 1. (XVI w.- poł. XVIII w.), W. Rusiński, published 1955, page I, 747:",
"text": "Także [oddaje się] kobietę Adamową Małgorzatę i córkę jej, tudzież syna jej […] Także z młyna połowa akcydensu wszelakiego.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
140,
145
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
79,
88
]
],
"english": "Traveling through Łukowice, they caused a lot of trouble in the village, where they took whatever they attacked and did shameless things to women.",
"ref": "1680-1748, Jan Owsiński, Stanisław Owsiński, Roczniki do dziejów Podtatrza i Spiża ..., page 41:",
"text": "Jadąc przez Łukowice wiele biedy narobili po wsi, gdzie co napadli to brali, z kobietami niewstydy czynili.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"english": "One woman so poisonous in her measure, That even the greatest beast in the cholera cannot equal her.",
"ref": "1715, Małpa-człowiek, page 261:",
"text": "Jedna kobita tak jadowita w swej mierze, Ze jej nie zrówna bestyja główna w cholerze.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
33,
38
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "In the Polish People's Republic, women have equal rights with men in all areas of state life.",
"ref": "1954, J. Lider, E. Słuczański, Nasza Konstytucja. Materiały pomocnicze do nauki o Konstytucji dla szkoły ogólnokształcącej, Konstytucja Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej uchwalona przez Sejm Ustawodawczy w dniu 22 lipc. 1952 r., page 272:",
"text": "Kobieta w Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej ma równe z mężczyzną prawa we wszystkich dziedzinach życia państwowego.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
16
],
[
56,
61
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
15
],
[
45,
52
]
],
"english": "My type of woman is presented to me as a type of Polish woman who is intelligent, strong, calm, and radiates clarity, honesty, love, and nobility.",
"ref": "1921, Antoni Scheur, Pamiętnik pilota polskiego, page 75:",
"text": "Mój typ kobiety przedstawia mi się, jako typ kobiety-Polki inteligentnej, silnej, spokojnej, od której tryskałaby jasność, prawość, miłośc, szlachetność.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
86,
91
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
55
]
],
"english": "Such emptiness took possession of me that I completely forgot my dignity as a married woman.",
"ref": "1888, Wiktor Gomulicki, Róże i osty : nowele, obrazki, szkice. Ser. 1, page 184:",
"text": "Opanowała mnie taka pustota, żem o swej powadze kobiety zamężnej całkowicie zapomniała.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
39,
44
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
39,
46
]
],
"english": "Such a man is always lucky, you think. Women flock to him like flies to honey, they guard him like the apple of their eye.",
"ref": "1923, Walery Przyborowski, Upiory: powieść z roku 1863, volume 93, page II:",
"text": "Taki to ma zawsze, uważasz, szczęście. Kobiety ci do niego lgną jak muchy do miodu, strzegą jak oka w głowie.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
27
]
],
"english": "She must have been a tempting woman, for she was widowed twice and then married a third time.",
"ref": "1931, Władysław Łoziński, Prawem i lewem : obyczaje na Czerwonej Rusi w pierwszej połowie XVII wieku, volume 37, page II:",
"text": "Musiała być ponętną kobietą, bo dwukrotnie owdowiawszy po raz trzeci wyszła za mąż.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
65,
70
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
64,
71
]
],
"english": "Despite such great advantages of our sex, we rule the world, and women rule us.",
"ref": "1775, Ignacy Krasicki, Myszeidos Piesni X, page 16:",
"text": "Mimo tak wielkie płci naszej zalety, my rządzim światem, a nami kobiety.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
95,
100
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
85,
92
]
],
"english": "— Enough of this, she interrupted, I am not a planet\nBy the grace of God, enough Count, I am a woman,\nI already know the rest, stop telling me nonsense.",
"ref": "1834, Adam Mickiewicz, Pan Tadeusz^(https://pl.wikisource.org/wiki/Pan_Tadeusz_(wyd._1834)), page 268:",
"text": "— Dość już tego, przerwała, nie jestem planetą\nZ łaski bożéj, dość Hrabio, ja jestem kobietą,\nJuż wiem resztę, przestań mi pleść ni to ni owo.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
62,
67
],
[
239,
244
],
[
270,
275
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
67
],
[
243,
249
],
[
243,
252
],
[
277,
283
],
[
277,
284
]
],
"english": "Justyna Sieńczyłło talked about the support she receives from women as she struggles to maintain the theater she founded with her husband Emilian Kamiński, and the repertoire decisions she makes. “Even 80–90 percent of the plays are about women. I am very interested in women, they were important for Emilian as well,” she said. On the other hand, opera, although so full of female characters, is created by men, the male perspective holds so strongly that Renata Borowska-Juszczyńska is one of the few female opera directors.",
"ref": "2023 November 10, Anna Zaleska, “Kobiety wiedzą, co robią w Poznaniu. Justyna Sieńczyłło: „Kobiety potrafią się wspierać” [FILM]”, in wysokieobcasy.pl, archived from the original on 2023-12-03:",
"text": "Justyna Sieńczyłło opowiadała o wsparciu, jakie otrzymuje od kobiet, gdy walczy o utrzymanie teatru, który zakładała ze swoim mężem Emilianem Kamińskim, a także o tym, jakie decyzje repertuarowe podejmuje. – Nawet 80–90 proc. spektakli jest o kobietach. Bardzo mnie interesują kobiety, zresztą dla Emiliana również były ważne – mówiła. Z kolei opera – choć tak pełna kobiecych bohaterek – tworzona jest przez mężczyzn, męska perspektywa trzyma się tak mocno, że Renata Borowska-Juszczyńska jest jedną z nielicznych dyrektorek opery.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
132,
137
],
[
260,
265
],
[
279,
284
],
[
279,
286
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
127,
134
],
[
245,
252
],
[
276,
283
]
],
"english": "Pope Francis, at a meeting with the International Theological Commission at the Vatican on Thursday, stressed that “the Church is a woman” and pointed out that the masculinization of the community is “one of the great sins.” “And if we do not understand who a woman is or what a woman's theology is, we will never understand what the Church is,” said Francis, as quoted by eKAI.",
"ref": "2023 December 2, “Papież Franciszek wskazał „wielki grzech Kościoła”. W tle sprawa kobiet”, in onet.pl, archived from the original on 2023-12-03:",
"text": "Papież Franciszek podczas czwartkowego spotkania z Międzynarodową Komisją Teologiczną w Watykanie podkreślił, że „Kościół jest kobietą” i wskazał, że maskulinizacja wspólnoty jest „jednym z wielkich grzechów”. – A jeśli nie zrozumiemy, kim jest kobieta lub czym jest teologia kobiety, nigdy nie zrozumiemy, czym jest Kościół – mówił Franciszek, cytowany przez eKAI.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woman (adult female human)"
],
"id": "en-kobieta-pl-noun-PwrskiEe",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "białogłowa"
},
{
"word": "dama"
},
{
"word": "facetka"
},
{
"word": "niewiasta"
},
{
"word": "kobiałka"
},
{
"word": "żona"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 59 11 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 40 17 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 47 15 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 62 7 7 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 50 13 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 58 12 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 36 7 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female family members",
"orig": "pl:Female family members",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 3 24 23",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "pl:Female people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 65 10 0 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Marriage",
"orig": "pl:Marriage",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "mężczyzna"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
144,
151
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
127,
136
]
],
"english": "You have somehow squandered all your wealth with this other villainy of yours that has run away from you, and now they are laughing at you with harlots.",
"ref": "1597, P. Ciekliński, Potrójny, page 33:",
"text": "Iákoś máiętność wſzyſtkę przełotrował z tymtám Drugim łotroſtwem ſwoim, ktore cię odbiegło, Y teraz ſię náśmiewáią/ z ciebie z kobietámi",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woman (adult female human)",
"promiscuous woman"
],
"id": "en-kobieta-pl-noun-XApsvYJB",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"promiscuous",
"promiscuous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"woman (adult female human)",
"(Middle Polish, derogatory, hapax legomenon) promiscuous woman"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "białogłowa"
},
{
"word": "dama"
},
{
"word": "facetka"
},
{
"word": "niewiasta"
},
{
"word": "kobiałka"
},
{
"word": "żona"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"derogatory",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Greater Poland Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Near Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Podlachia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Lublin Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
35
]
],
"english": "In the evening I have a date with my woman, but after eleven you'll be able to call.",
"text": "Wieczorem jestem umówiony z kobietą, ale po jedenastej będziesz już mógł dzwonić.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
30,
34
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
18
]
],
"english": "The guy had a huge drunk of a wife.",
"raw_tags": [
"Near Masovian, Czersk"
],
"text": "Chłop miał kobietę ogromną pijaczkę.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
28
]
],
"english": "The guy is consulting his woman.",
"raw_tags": [
"Western Lublin, Chmielnik"
],
"text": "Chłop radzi się swej kobiety.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
34,
39
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
37
]
],
"english": "The farmer went away and left his woman.",
"raw_tags": [
"Western Lublin, Rzeczyca Księża"
],
"text": "Wyjechał gospodarz i zostawił kobiete.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
44,
49
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
36,
43
]
],
"english": "He harnessed himself to the harrow with his woman and son.",
"ref": "1950, Most nad urwiskiem: powieść, Antoni Olcha, volume 44, page I:",
"text": "Sam się zaprzęgał do brony ze swoją kobietą i z synem.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
37
]
],
"english": "He lost his heart for his woman a long time ago.",
"ref": "1949, Maria Dąbrowska, Znaki życia: pięć opowiadań, page 34:",
"text": "Serce to on już do tej swojej kobiety dawno stracił.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
35
]
],
"english": "You got tired of your decent married woman, so you left her on the road like a wisp.",
"ref": "1893, Adolf Dygasiński, Na złamanie karku, page 147:",
"text": "Sprzykrzyła ci się porządna kobieta ślubna, toś ją na drodze zostawił jak wiecheć.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
25
]
],
"english": "The girl will be someone's woman before the sun goes down twice, before the moon goes out twice.",
"ref": "1834, Juliusz Słowacki, Balladyna, page 36:",
"text": "Dziewczyna będzie kobietą, nim dwa razy słońce zaśnie, nim dwa razy księżyc zgaśnie.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
162,
167
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
157,
164
]
],
"english": "Her words hurt. But what she did next was like a blow to the solar plexus. I wanted to hug her, I had already taken a step toward her... and she backed away. The woman I loved was scared that I might hit her! I felt a burning shame.",
"ref": "2023 December 16, “„Kobieta mojego życia odrzuciła moje oświadczyny. Załamałem się, bez niej moje życie nie miało sensu””, in kobieta.pl, archived from the original on 2024-01-26:",
"text": "Jej słowa zabolały. Ale to, co zrobiła później, było jak cios w splot słoneczny. Chciałem ją przytulić, już zrobiłem krok w jej stronę... a ona się cofnęła. Kobieta, którą kochałem, wystraszyła się, że mogę ją uderzyć! Poczułem palący wstyd.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woman (wife or lover)"
],
"id": "en-kobieta-pl-noun-Ml-xJTEp",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"qualifier": "Central Greater Poland; Near Masovian; Western Lublin; Central Greater Poland; Near Masovian; Western Lublin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Podlachia, Tykocin, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Lublin, Chmielnik, Rzeczyca Księża) woman (wife or lover)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dama"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Podlachia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 3 24 23",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "pl:Female people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"girl (young female human)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "dziewczyna"
}
],
"id": "en-kobieta-pl-noun-WGzY-~E-",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"girl",
"girl"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Podlachia, Tykocin, derogatory) girl (young female human)"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 3 24 23",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "pl:Female people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to hire a maid",
"text": "nająć kobietę"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
89,
93
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
88,
95
]
],
"english": "[The cottage] was always whitewashed by my mother herself, but if she was ever unwell, a maid from the village was hired.",
"ref": "1948, Aniela Gruszecka, Od Karpat nad Bałtyk: opowieść, page 19:",
"text": "[Chatę] bieliła zawsze matka sama, ale jeśli kiedy była […] niezdrowa, to się najmowało kobietę ze wsi.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
97,
102
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
76,
92
]
],
"english": "The lady notary is still in the dressing room; although she is in a hurry and is assisted by the maids, she cannot possibly finish her toilette: she will hardly be ready by four o'clock.",
"ref": "1834, Adam Mickiewicz, Pan Tadeusz^(https://pl.wikisource.org/wiki/Pan_Tadeusz_(wyd._1834)), page 325:",
"text": "Rejenta dama jeszcze u gotowalni; choć spieszy się sama i choć jej pomagają służebne kobiety, nie mogła w żaden sposób skończyć toalety: ledwie będzie gotowa na godzinę czwartą.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"maid; hired female worker"
],
"id": "en-kobieta-pl-noun-A1TSotiI",
"links": [
[
"maid",
"maid"
],
[
"hire",
"hire"
],
[
"female",
"female"
],
[
"worker",
"worker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) maid; hired female worker"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔˈbjɛ.ta/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔˈbje.ta/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔˈbjɛ.ta/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔˈbjɛ.ta/",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɔˈbjɛ.ta]",
"note": "Podlachia"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɔˈbjɛ.ta]",
"note": "Western Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛta"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Polish Scientific Publishers PWN",
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "kobieta"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛta",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛta/3 syllables",
"pl:Female family members",
"pl:Female people",
"pl:Marriage"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kobieciarz"
},
{
"word": "kobieciątko"
},
{
"word": "kobiecina"
},
{
"word": "kobieta fatalna"
},
{
"word": "kobieta luksusowa"
},
{
"word": "kobieta publiczna"
},
{
"word": "kobieta sukcesu"
},
{
"word": "kobieta z przeszłością"
},
{
"word": "kobieton"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "być kobietą"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "кабе́та",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: кабе́та (kabjéta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: кабе́та (kabjéta)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "kòbiéta",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kashubian: kòbiéta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kashubian: kòbiéta"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "kobiyta",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Silesian: kobiyta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Silesian: kobiyta"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "kôbjéta",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovincian: kôbjéta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovincian: kôbjéta"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "кобі́та",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: кобі́та (kobíta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: кобі́та (kobíta)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Displaced"
},
"expansion": "Displaced",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "niewiasta",
"sl": "1"
},
"expansion": "Displaced niewiasta",
"name": "displaced"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1545"
},
"expansion": "1545",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1545"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1545",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “kobieta”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "kob",
"nocat": "1",
"t": "pigpen"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish kob (“pigpen”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-mpl",
"2": "kobita"
},
"expansion": "Middle Polish kobita",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "kobe",
"4": "",
"5": "sty, shed",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German kobe (“sty, shed”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Koben"
},
"expansion": "German Koben",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "geit"
},
"expansion": "Dutch geit",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kobь",
"4": "",
"5": "bird-flight divination",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kobь (“bird-flight divination”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "gambetta",
"4": "",
"5": "concubine",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old High German gambetta (“concubine”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "fi",
"3": "kave",
"4": "",
"5": "a creature related to the moon, sky, or air",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kave (“a creature related to the moon, sky, or air”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "et",
"3": "kabu",
"4": "",
"5": "castrated animal",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Estonian kabu (“castrated animal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*kāpëk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *kāpëk",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Displaced niewiasta (now considered poetic) and żona (meaning narrowed down to “wife”). Popularized by the Polish Romantic writers in the 19th century. First attested in 1545.\n* Possibly from Old Polish kob (“pigpen”) or koba (“mare”) (the ending -ieta is found in some contemporaneous female names (e.g. Markieta, Elżbieta, Greta)); however, this theory has been rejected by most etymologists. Compare kobiałka.\n* Boryś asserts the term is a Polish innovation with an unclear root kob- and potentially the original suffix being extended with -ita (compare Middle Polish kobita and najmita), but he rejects the existence of the suffix -ita.\n* Bańkowski asserts that the term is not native and suggests Germanic origin, possibly a compound of Middle High German kobe (“sty, shed”) (compare modern German Koben) and *geit (“goat”) (compare modern Dutch geit), originally meaning “a pen for goats” but also, derogatorily, “an enclosure for service maidens”; however, he also questions why the form is -bie- and not -be-.\n* Sławski also rejects native origin but is ultimately unable to draw connections to other languages.\n* Długosz-Kurczabowa thinks the word may be of native origin, specifically a compound of Proto-Slavic *kobь (“bird-flight divination”) and *věta (“fairy”), but she also does not reject the possibility of foreign origin, suggesting, e.g., Old High German gambetta (“concubine”) or even Finnish kave (“a creature related to the moon, sky, or air”) and Estonian kabu (“castrated animal”) (compare also Proto-Samic *kāpëk), as the source.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kobietka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiecisko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiecy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiecki",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kobieta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiety",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiety",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiecie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobietom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobietę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiety",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobietą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobietami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiecie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobietach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiety",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-mid-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kobieta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiety",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiety",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobietę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiecie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiety",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobietami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kobietach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kobita",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiéta",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kobiyta",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "kobiecy",
"adj2": "kobiecki<q:obsolete>",
"aug": "kobiecisko",
"dim": "kobietka"
},
"expansion": "kobieta f (diminutive kobietka, augmentative kobiecisko, related adjective kobiecy or (obsolete) kobiecki)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ko‧bie‧ta"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ko‧bie‧ta"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"accp": "kobiety",
"accs": "-",
"datp": "-",
"dats": "kobiecie",
"genp": "-",
"gens": "kobiety/kobietę",
"insp": "kobietami",
"inss": "-",
"locp": "kobietach",
"locs": "-",
"nomp": "kobiety",
"noms": "kobieta",
"vocp": "-",
"vocs": "-"
},
"name": "pl-mid-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kobieco"
},
{
"word": "kobieciarstwo"
},
{
"word": "kobiecinka"
},
{
"word": "kobiecość"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "mężczyzna"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
46,
50
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
53,
60
]
],
"english": "Holding a jug of beer with ginger under them/ Hags will drink and share",
"ref": "1587, M. Bielski, Rozmowa dwu baranów, pages 18, 15:",
"text": "Konew piwá z imbierem pod ſobą piáſtuiąc/ Popiją ſie kobiety ſpołu ſie cżeſtuiąc",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
26,
30
],
[
113,
117
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
34
],
[
115,
124
]
],
"english": "They may call their wives hags, but they themselves are not entirely wise: There will be more stability with our hags, than with the Councillors.",
"ref": "1586, M. Bielski, Sjem niewieści, pages 4, 3:",
"text": "Mogąć oni przezywáć żony kobietámi/ Aleć też nie dokońcá máią rozum ſámi: Naydzie więtſzą ſtátecżność przy náſzych kobietách/ Niżli przy Pániech Rádnych",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
62,
67
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
70
]
],
"english": "Accede ad ignem hunc, iam calesces plus satis. Get close to a woman/ you'll be warm enough now.",
"ref": "1545, Mateusz z Kęt, Ex P. Terentii „Comoediis” Latinissimae colloquiorum formulae ... idiomate Polonico donatae, page Rv:",
"text": "Accede ad ignem hunc, iam caleſces plus ſatis. Przyſtąp ſie do kobiety/ będzieſz ćiepł ná trzy zbyty.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
18
],
[
35,
40
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
16
]
],
"english": "There came a woman, a pretty young woman, dressed in a suit as if she were about to meet a victorious enemy.",
"ref": "1656-1688, Jan Chryzostom Pasek, Pamiętniki, page 57:",
"text": "Przyszła kobieta nadobna młoda achuda iako by znaycięszszego oblezenia.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
21,
26
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"english": "Also [they give] the woman Małgorzata Adamowa and her daughter, and her son […] Also half of all profits from the mill.",
"ref": "1601-1750, Inwentarze dóbr szlacheckich powiatu kaliskiego, volume 1. (XVI w.- poł. XVIII w.), W. Rusiński, published 1955, page I, 747:",
"text": "Także [oddaje się] kobietę Adamową Małgorzatę i córkę jej, tudzież syna jej […] Także z młyna połowa akcydensu wszelakiego.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
140,
145
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
79,
88
]
],
"english": "Traveling through Łukowice, they caused a lot of trouble in the village, where they took whatever they attacked and did shameless things to women.",
"ref": "1680-1748, Jan Owsiński, Stanisław Owsiński, Roczniki do dziejów Podtatrza i Spiża ..., page 41:",
"text": "Jadąc przez Łukowice wiele biedy narobili po wsi, gdzie co napadli to brali, z kobietami niewstydy czynili.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"english": "One woman so poisonous in her measure, That even the greatest beast in the cholera cannot equal her.",
"ref": "1715, Małpa-człowiek, page 261:",
"text": "Jedna kobita tak jadowita w swej mierze, Ze jej nie zrówna bestyja główna w cholerze.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
33,
38
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "In the Polish People's Republic, women have equal rights with men in all areas of state life.",
"ref": "1954, J. Lider, E. Słuczański, Nasza Konstytucja. Materiały pomocnicze do nauki o Konstytucji dla szkoły ogólnokształcącej, Konstytucja Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej uchwalona przez Sejm Ustawodawczy w dniu 22 lipc. 1952 r., page 272:",
"text": "Kobieta w Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej ma równe z mężczyzną prawa we wszystkich dziedzinach życia państwowego.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
16
],
[
56,
61
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
15
],
[
45,
52
]
],
"english": "My type of woman is presented to me as a type of Polish woman who is intelligent, strong, calm, and radiates clarity, honesty, love, and nobility.",
"ref": "1921, Antoni Scheur, Pamiętnik pilota polskiego, page 75:",
"text": "Mój typ kobiety przedstawia mi się, jako typ kobiety-Polki inteligentnej, silnej, spokojnej, od której tryskałaby jasność, prawość, miłośc, szlachetność.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
86,
91
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
55
]
],
"english": "Such emptiness took possession of me that I completely forgot my dignity as a married woman.",
"ref": "1888, Wiktor Gomulicki, Róże i osty : nowele, obrazki, szkice. Ser. 1, page 184:",
"text": "Opanowała mnie taka pustota, żem o swej powadze kobiety zamężnej całkowicie zapomniała.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
39,
44
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
39,
46
]
],
"english": "Such a man is always lucky, you think. Women flock to him like flies to honey, they guard him like the apple of their eye.",
"ref": "1923, Walery Przyborowski, Upiory: powieść z roku 1863, volume 93, page II:",
"text": "Taki to ma zawsze, uważasz, szczęście. Kobiety ci do niego lgną jak muchy do miodu, strzegą jak oka w głowie.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
27
]
],
"english": "She must have been a tempting woman, for she was widowed twice and then married a third time.",
"ref": "1931, Władysław Łoziński, Prawem i lewem : obyczaje na Czerwonej Rusi w pierwszej połowie XVII wieku, volume 37, page II:",
"text": "Musiała być ponętną kobietą, bo dwukrotnie owdowiawszy po raz trzeci wyszła za mąż.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
65,
70
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
64,
71
]
],
"english": "Despite such great advantages of our sex, we rule the world, and women rule us.",
"ref": "1775, Ignacy Krasicki, Myszeidos Piesni X, page 16:",
"text": "Mimo tak wielkie płci naszej zalety, my rządzim światem, a nami kobiety.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
95,
100
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
85,
92
]
],
"english": "— Enough of this, she interrupted, I am not a planet\nBy the grace of God, enough Count, I am a woman,\nI already know the rest, stop telling me nonsense.",
"ref": "1834, Adam Mickiewicz, Pan Tadeusz^(https://pl.wikisource.org/wiki/Pan_Tadeusz_(wyd._1834)), page 268:",
"text": "— Dość już tego, przerwała, nie jestem planetą\nZ łaski bożéj, dość Hrabio, ja jestem kobietą,\nJuż wiem resztę, przestań mi pleść ni to ni owo.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
62,
67
],
[
239,
244
],
[
270,
275
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
67
],
[
243,
249
],
[
243,
252
],
[
277,
283
],
[
277,
284
]
],
"english": "Justyna Sieńczyłło talked about the support she receives from women as she struggles to maintain the theater she founded with her husband Emilian Kamiński, and the repertoire decisions she makes. “Even 80–90 percent of the plays are about women. I am very interested in women, they were important for Emilian as well,” she said. On the other hand, opera, although so full of female characters, is created by men, the male perspective holds so strongly that Renata Borowska-Juszczyńska is one of the few female opera directors.",
"ref": "2023 November 10, Anna Zaleska, “Kobiety wiedzą, co robią w Poznaniu. Justyna Sieńczyłło: „Kobiety potrafią się wspierać” [FILM]”, in wysokieobcasy.pl, archived from the original on 2023-12-03:",
"text": "Justyna Sieńczyłło opowiadała o wsparciu, jakie otrzymuje od kobiet, gdy walczy o utrzymanie teatru, który zakładała ze swoim mężem Emilianem Kamińskim, a także o tym, jakie decyzje repertuarowe podejmuje. – Nawet 80–90 proc. spektakli jest o kobietach. Bardzo mnie interesują kobiety, zresztą dla Emiliana również były ważne – mówiła. Z kolei opera – choć tak pełna kobiecych bohaterek – tworzona jest przez mężczyzn, męska perspektywa trzyma się tak mocno, że Renata Borowska-Juszczyńska jest jedną z nielicznych dyrektorek opery.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
132,
137
],
[
260,
265
],
[
279,
284
],
[
279,
286
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
127,
134
],
[
245,
252
],
[
276,
283
]
],
"english": "Pope Francis, at a meeting with the International Theological Commission at the Vatican on Thursday, stressed that “the Church is a woman” and pointed out that the masculinization of the community is “one of the great sins.” “And if we do not understand who a woman is or what a woman's theology is, we will never understand what the Church is,” said Francis, as quoted by eKAI.",
"ref": "2023 December 2, “Papież Franciszek wskazał „wielki grzech Kościoła”. W tle sprawa kobiet”, in onet.pl, archived from the original on 2023-12-03:",
"text": "Papież Franciszek podczas czwartkowego spotkania z Międzynarodową Komisją Teologiczną w Watykanie podkreślił, że „Kościół jest kobietą” i wskazał, że maskulinizacja wspólnoty jest „jednym z wielkich grzechów”. – A jeśli nie zrozumiemy, kim jest kobieta lub czym jest teologia kobiety, nigdy nie zrozumiemy, czym jest Kościół – mówił Franciszek, cytowany przez eKAI.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woman (adult female human)"
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "białogłowa"
},
{
"word": "dama"
},
{
"word": "facetka"
},
{
"word": "niewiasta"
},
{
"word": "kobiałka"
},
{
"word": "żona"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Polish derogatory terms",
"Polish hapax legomena",
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "mężczyzna"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
144,
151
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
127,
136
]
],
"english": "You have somehow squandered all your wealth with this other villainy of yours that has run away from you, and now they are laughing at you with harlots.",
"ref": "1597, P. Ciekliński, Potrójny, page 33:",
"text": "Iákoś máiętność wſzyſtkę przełotrował z tymtám Drugim łotroſtwem ſwoim, ktore cię odbiegło, Y teraz ſię náśmiewáią/ z ciebie z kobietámi",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woman (adult female human)",
"promiscuous woman"
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"promiscuous",
"promiscuous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"woman (adult female human)",
"(Middle Polish, derogatory, hapax legomenon) promiscuous woman"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "białogłowa"
},
{
"word": "dama"
},
{
"word": "facetka"
},
{
"word": "niewiasta"
},
{
"word": "kobiałka"
},
{
"word": "żona"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"derogatory",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Central Greater Poland Polish",
"Near Masovian Polish",
"Podlachia Polish",
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish dialectal terms",
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Polish terms with usage examples",
"Western Lublin Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
35
]
],
"english": "In the evening I have a date with my woman, but after eleven you'll be able to call.",
"text": "Wieczorem jestem umówiony z kobietą, ale po jedenastej będziesz już mógł dzwonić.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
30,
34
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
18
]
],
"english": "The guy had a huge drunk of a wife.",
"raw_tags": [
"Near Masovian, Czersk"
],
"text": "Chłop miał kobietę ogromną pijaczkę.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
28
]
],
"english": "The guy is consulting his woman.",
"raw_tags": [
"Western Lublin, Chmielnik"
],
"text": "Chłop radzi się swej kobiety.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
34,
39
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
37
]
],
"english": "The farmer went away and left his woman.",
"raw_tags": [
"Western Lublin, Rzeczyca Księża"
],
"text": "Wyjechał gospodarz i zostawił kobiete.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
44,
49
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
36,
43
]
],
"english": "He harnessed himself to the harrow with his woman and son.",
"ref": "1950, Most nad urwiskiem: powieść, Antoni Olcha, volume 44, page I:",
"text": "Sam się zaprzęgał do brony ze swoją kobietą i z synem.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
37
]
],
"english": "He lost his heart for his woman a long time ago.",
"ref": "1949, Maria Dąbrowska, Znaki życia: pięć opowiadań, page 34:",
"text": "Serce to on już do tej swojej kobiety dawno stracił.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
35
]
],
"english": "You got tired of your decent married woman, so you left her on the road like a wisp.",
"ref": "1893, Adolf Dygasiński, Na złamanie karku, page 147:",
"text": "Sprzykrzyła ci się porządna kobieta ślubna, toś ją na drodze zostawił jak wiecheć.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
25
]
],
"english": "The girl will be someone's woman before the sun goes down twice, before the moon goes out twice.",
"ref": "1834, Juliusz Słowacki, Balladyna, page 36:",
"text": "Dziewczyna będzie kobietą, nim dwa razy słońce zaśnie, nim dwa razy księżyc zgaśnie.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
162,
167
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
157,
164
]
],
"english": "Her words hurt. But what she did next was like a blow to the solar plexus. I wanted to hug her, I had already taken a step toward her... and she backed away. The woman I loved was scared that I might hit her! I felt a burning shame.",
"ref": "2023 December 16, “„Kobieta mojego życia odrzuciła moje oświadczyny. Załamałem się, bez niej moje życie nie miało sensu””, in kobieta.pl, archived from the original on 2024-01-26:",
"text": "Jej słowa zabolały. Ale to, co zrobiła później, było jak cios w splot słoneczny. Chciałem ją przytulić, już zrobiłem krok w jej stronę... a ona się cofnęła. Kobieta, którą kochałem, wystraszyła się, że mogę ją uderzyć! Poczułem palący wstyd.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woman (wife or lover)"
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"qualifier": "Central Greater Poland; Near Masovian; Western Lublin; Central Greater Poland; Near Masovian; Western Lublin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Podlachia, Tykocin, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Lublin, Chmielnik, Rzeczyca Księża) woman (wife or lover)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dama"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Podlachia Polish",
"Polish derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"girl (young female human)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "dziewczyna"
}
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"girl",
"girl"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Podlachia, Tykocin, derogatory) girl (young female human)"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to hire a maid",
"text": "nająć kobietę"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
89,
93
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
88,
95
]
],
"english": "[The cottage] was always whitewashed by my mother herself, but if she was ever unwell, a maid from the village was hired.",
"ref": "1948, Aniela Gruszecka, Od Karpat nad Bałtyk: opowieść, page 19:",
"text": "[Chatę] bieliła zawsze matka sama, ale jeśli kiedy była […] niezdrowa, to się najmowało kobietę ze wsi.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
97,
102
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
76,
92
]
],
"english": "The lady notary is still in the dressing room; although she is in a hurry and is assisted by the maids, she cannot possibly finish her toilette: she will hardly be ready by four o'clock.",
"ref": "1834, Adam Mickiewicz, Pan Tadeusz^(https://pl.wikisource.org/wiki/Pan_Tadeusz_(wyd._1834)), page 325:",
"text": "Rejenta dama jeszcze u gotowalni; choć spieszy się sama i choć jej pomagają służebne kobiety, nie mogła w żaden sposób skończyć toalety: ledwie będzie gotowa na godzinę czwartą.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"maid; hired female worker"
],
"links": [
[
"maid",
"maid"
],
[
"hire",
"hire"
],
[
"female",
"female"
],
[
"worker",
"worker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) maid; hired female worker"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔˈbjɛ.ta/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔˈbje.ta/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔˈbjɛ.ta/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔˈbjɛ.ta/",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɔˈbjɛ.ta]",
"note": "Podlachia"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɔˈbjɛ.ta]",
"note": "Western Lublin"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛta"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Polish Scientific Publishers PWN",
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "kobieta"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kobieta meaning in All languages combined (25.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Middle Polish, derogatory, hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"kobieta"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobieta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Middle Polish, derogatory, hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"kobieta"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobieta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Podlachia, Tykocin, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Lublin, Chmielnik, Rzeczyca Księża",
"path": [
"kobieta"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobieta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Podlachia, Tykocin, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Lublin, Chmielnik, Rzeczyca Księża",
"path": [
"kobieta"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobieta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Podlachia, Tykocin, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Lublin, Chmielnik, Rzeczyca Księża",
"path": [
"kobieta"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobieta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Podlachia, Tykocin, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Lublin, Chmielnik, Rzeczyca Księża",
"path": [
"kobieta"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobieta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Podlachia, Tykocin, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Lublin, Chmielnik, Rzeczyca Księża",
"path": [
"kobieta"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobieta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Podlachia, Tykocin, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Lublin, Chmielnik, Rzeczyca Księża",
"path": [
"kobieta"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobieta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Podlachia, Tykocin, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Lublin, Chmielnik, Rzeczyca Księża",
"path": [
"kobieta"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobieta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Podlachia, Tykocin, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Lublin, Chmielnik, Rzeczyca Księża",
"path": [
"kobieta"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobieta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Podlachia, Tykocin, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Lublin, Chmielnik, Rzeczyca Księża",
"path": [
"kobieta"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobieta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Podlachia, Tykocin, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Lublin, Chmielnik, Rzeczyca Księża",
"path": [
"kobieta"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobieta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Podlachia, Tykocin, derogatory",
"path": [
"kobieta"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobieta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Podlachia, Tykocin, derogatory",
"path": [
"kobieta"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobieta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Podlachia, Tykocin, derogatory",
"path": [
"kobieta"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobieta",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Podlachia, Tykocin, derogatory",
"path": [
"kobieta"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kobieta",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (b80cf99 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.