See cień on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nocna cień"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cień",
"id": "shadow"
},
"expansion": "Polish: cień",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: cień"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ciyń"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: ciyń",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: ciyń"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*těnь",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *těnь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*těnь"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *těnь",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *těnь. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "cień m inan",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "shadow of death",
"text": "cień śmierci",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 101, 12:",
"text": "Dnowe mogi iaco czyen otchilily se",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 108, 22:",
"text": "Iako czen, gensz to myya, wzøt yesm",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 143, 5:",
"text": "Czlowek proznoscy podoben wczynon gest dny gego yako czen myyayø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV med.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, page 153:",
"text": "Umbre transitus jako czyen szchodzenye est tempus nostrum",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1880-1894 [XV med.], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume V, page 281:",
"text": "W czenyv in umbra",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “IV Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 20, 9-11:",
"text": "Chcesz, acz wzidze cyen wz gorø dzesyøcz rzøtkow, albo acz syø nawrocy tylesz slopyenyow zasyø? Y rzekl Ezechias: Snadno gest cyenyowy postøpycz dzesyøcz rzøtkow […] Naywodl cyen pan po tich rzøtkoch, gymysz ivsz bil sstøpyl na orloiv Achasowu zasyø za dzesyøcz slopyenyow",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [1481], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume IV, page 747:",
"text": "Czen vmbra",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1916 [second half of the 15th century], Stanisław Słoński, editor, Psałterz puławski, Greater Poland, pages 79, 11:",
"text": "Wynnyczę z Egipta przenyoslesz... Przykryl gory czyen yey",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [XV p. post.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume V, page 8:",
"text": "Czyem umbra",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 147r:",
"text": "Vmbra schatte carens sole czyen",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 22, 4:",
"text": "Aczbich chodzil posrzod czena smercy, ne bødø se bacz zla",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 106, 10:",
"text": "Sedzøcz we czmøch (pro czmach) y w czenv smerczy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Jer”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 13, 16:",
"text": "Poloszi iø w cyenyv szmyerczi",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shadow; shade (darkness where light, particularly sunlight, is blocked; dark image projected onto a surface where light is blocked by an object)"
],
"id": "en-cień-zlw-opl-noun-g5x9OVpT",
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"shade",
"shade"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) shadow; shade (darkness where light, particularly sunlight, is blocked; dark image projected onto a surface where light is blocked by an object)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1916 [second half of the 15th century], Stanisław Słoński, editor, Psałterz puławski, Greater Poland, pages 17, 31:",
"text": "Bo ty oszwyeczasz szwyeczę moyę, gospodnye, ... oszwyeczy czyenye moye",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 18:",
"text": "Dziewica Marja... widziała się wszech naśmierniejsza i nabożniejsza, jako światłość miedzy czy[e]nyem",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness"
],
"id": "en-cień-zlw-opl-noun-FCcr02HJ",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) darkness"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 16, 10:",
"text": "Pod czenem zkrzidl twogich zaszczicy me od oblicza nemilosciwich",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 56, 2:",
"text": "W czen zkrzidlu twoiu pwacz bødø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 23:",
"text": "Wyelye zzakow... ymyenyee oczczyszne trzymayącz a z thego tho ymyenya pod czeenyem zzakowskym powynnee naam... slvzbi woyenne odeymacz obikli",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Is”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 49, 2:",
"text": "Pod cyenyem røki swey obronyl myø gest",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"covering (that which covers something)"
],
"id": "en-cień-zlw-opl-noun-CZiAJwmV",
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia) covering (that which covers something)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [
"Hapax legomena",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “IV Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 17, 16:",
"text": "Czinyly sobye døte bogy... a cyenyow naczinyly",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"grove"
],
"id": "en-cień-zlw-opl-noun-ig5~kjpN",
"links": [
[
"grove",
"grove"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax legomenon) grove"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1878-1889 [1424], Archiwum Komisji Historycznej, volume III, Greater Poland, page 332:",
"text": "Dixit..., quod esset... post matrem Corabyew, qui gerunt in clipeo cogą et in coga turrim cum tribus menibus al. czenamy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1878-1889 [1424], Archiwum Komisji Historycznej, volume III, Greater Poland, page 332:",
"text": "Ian Gorzescoth yest nas brath... y nassego clenotu, ktori nossyymy cogą, a w nye wyeza ze trzemy czenyamy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, Radom, Miłosław, page 197:",
"text": "Czyenye menia",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wall battlement"
],
"id": "en-cień-zlw-opl-noun-eAT9Mtap",
"links": [
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"battlement",
"battlement"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland; attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland) wall battlement"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
],
"id": "en-cień-zlw-opl-noun-~Mwf1bvk",
"raw_glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [
"Hapax legomena",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 5 9 31 9 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 4 3 2 7 17 7 7 7 2 2 9 3 1 19 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 2 2 7 19 7 8 7 1 1 10 2 1 23 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 100:",
"text": "Czeny vestibuli",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"vestibule, hallway"
],
"id": "en-cień-zlw-opl-noun-4zTV9iPw",
"links": [
[
"vestibule",
"vestibule"
],
[
"hallway",
"hallway"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"(hapax legomenon) vestibule, hallway"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
],
"id": "en-cień-zlw-opl-noun-~Mwf1bvk1",
"raw_glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [
"Hapax legomena",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 25:",
"text": "W jego *chcieniu zawżdy są roże, kwiatki z lilją..., w jego *chcieniu zawżdy jest czas rozkoszny",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"double bed under a canopy"
],
"id": "en-cień-zlw-opl-noun-djfcatLv",
"links": [
[
"double bed",
"double bed"
],
[
"canopy",
"canopy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"(hapax legomenon) double bed under a canopy"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [
"Hapax legomena",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 596:",
"text": "Jesus... padł na ziemię na swe oblicze, aby śmiarą swej myśli przykry cień ciała ukazał",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
],
"id": "en-cień-zlw-opl-noun-~Mwf1bvk1",
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax legomenon) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕɛɲ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕɛɲ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "cień"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cienisty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "blaski i cienie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "półcień"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "światłocień"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bez cienia wątpliwości"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "położyć się cieniem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kłaść się cieniem"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "shadow"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "cień",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish cień",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "cień"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish cień",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish cień.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cień",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cienie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cienia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieniów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieniowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieniom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cień",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cienie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieniem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieniami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieniu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieniach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieniu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cienie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "cień m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cień"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "cieni/cieniów"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 23 13 6 8 25",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Afterlife",
"orig": "pl:Afterlife",
"parents": [
"Death",
"Mythology",
"Philosophy",
"Religion",
"Body",
"Life",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 20 6 4 2 6 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Light",
"orig": "pl:Light",
"parents": [
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shade (darkness where light, particularly sunlight, is blocked)"
],
"id": "en-cień-pl-noun-Fl7rthIu",
"links": [
[
"shade",
"shade"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 23 13 6 8 25",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Afterlife",
"orig": "pl:Afterlife",
"parents": [
"Death",
"Mythology",
"Philosophy",
"Religion",
"Body",
"Life",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shadow (dark image projected onto a surface where light is blocked by an object)"
],
"id": "en-cień-pl-noun-R~A8hXnq",
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 23 13 6 8 25",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Afterlife",
"orig": "pl:Afterlife",
"parents": [
"Death",
"Mythology",
"Philosophy",
"Religion",
"Body",
"Life",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shadow, outline (faintly visible object)"
],
"id": "en-cień-pl-noun-6pAce7Zi",
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"outline",
"outline"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 23 13 6 8 25",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Afterlife",
"orig": "pl:Afterlife",
"parents": [
"Death",
"Mythology",
"Philosophy",
"Religion",
"Body",
"Life",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shadow, husk (inferior or faint representation)"
],
"id": "en-cień-pl-noun-gm7MwVde",
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"husk",
"husk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) shadow, husk (inferior or faint representation)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"shadow, shade, ghost"
],
"id": "en-cień-pl-noun-VMjTExKm",
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"shade",
"shade"
],
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) shadow, shade, ghost"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "duch"
},
{
"word": "zjawa"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"literary",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 4 3 2 7 17 7 7 7 2 2 9 3 1 19 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 2 2 7 19 7 8 7 1 1 10 2 1 23 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 25 5 1 46 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 25 9 2 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 25 6 1 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 25 6 1 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 3 14 5 3 50 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Cosmetics",
"orig": "pl:Cosmetics",
"parents": [
"Fashion",
"Toiletries",
"Clothing",
"Culture",
"Hygiene",
"Human",
"Society",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 5 13 8 4 51 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Mythological creatures",
"orig": "pl:Mythological creatures",
"parents": [
"Fantasy",
"Mythology",
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Culture",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Society",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"eyeshadow"
],
"id": "en-cień-pl-noun-AX-IoIda",
"links": [
[
"eyeshadow",
"eyeshadow"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cień do powiek"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛɲ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛɲ"
}
],
"word": "cień"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "cień",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cień"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 23 13 6 8 25",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Afterlife",
"orig": "pl:Afterlife",
"parents": [
"Death",
"Mythology",
"Philosophy",
"Religion",
"Body",
"Life",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cienić"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of cienić"
],
"id": "en-cień-pl-verb-R~HnVwC8",
"links": [
[
"cienić",
"cienić#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛɲ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛɲ"
}
],
"word": "cień"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish inanimate nouns",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Afterlife",
"pl:Cosmetics",
"pl:Light",
"pl:Mythological creatures",
"zlw-opl:Architectural elements",
"zlw-opl:Forests",
"zlw-opl:Light",
"zlw-opl:Military"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "nocna cień"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cień",
"id": "shadow"
},
"expansion": "Polish: cień",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: cień"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ciyń"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: ciyń",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: ciyń"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*těnь",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *těnь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*těnь"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *těnь",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *těnь. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "cień m inan",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with collocations",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "shadow of death",
"text": "cień śmierci",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 101, 12:",
"text": "Dnowe mogi iaco czyen otchilily se",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 108, 22:",
"text": "Iako czen, gensz to myya, wzøt yesm",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 143, 5:",
"text": "Czlowek proznoscy podoben wczynon gest dny gego yako czen myyayø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV med.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, page 153:",
"text": "Umbre transitus jako czyen szchodzenye est tempus nostrum",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1880-1894 [XV med.], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume V, page 281:",
"text": "W czenyv in umbra",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “IV Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 20, 9-11:",
"text": "Chcesz, acz wzidze cyen wz gorø dzesyøcz rzøtkow, albo acz syø nawrocy tylesz slopyenyow zasyø? Y rzekl Ezechias: Snadno gest cyenyowy postøpycz dzesyøcz rzøtkow […] Naywodl cyen pan po tich rzøtkoch, gymysz ivsz bil sstøpyl na orloiv Achasowu zasyø za dzesyøcz slopyenyow",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [1481], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume IV, page 747:",
"text": "Czen vmbra",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1916 [second half of the 15th century], Stanisław Słoński, editor, Psałterz puławski, Greater Poland, pages 79, 11:",
"text": "Wynnyczę z Egipta przenyoslesz... Przykryl gory czyen yey",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [XV p. post.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume V, page 8:",
"text": "Czyem umbra",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 147r:",
"text": "Vmbra schatte carens sole czyen",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 22, 4:",
"text": "Aczbich chodzil posrzod czena smercy, ne bødø se bacz zla",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 106, 10:",
"text": "Sedzøcz we czmøch (pro czmach) y w czenv smerczy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Jer”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 13, 16:",
"text": "Poloszi iø w cyenyv szmyerczi",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shadow; shade (darkness where light, particularly sunlight, is blocked; dark image projected onto a surface where light is blocked by an object)"
],
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"shade",
"shade"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) shadow; shade (darkness where light, particularly sunlight, is blocked; dark image projected onto a surface where light is blocked by an object)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1916 [second half of the 15th century], Stanisław Słoński, editor, Psałterz puławski, Greater Poland, pages 17, 31:",
"text": "Bo ty oszwyeczasz szwyeczę moyę, gospodnye, ... oszwyeczy czyenye moye",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 18:",
"text": "Dziewica Marja... widziała się wszech naśmierniejsza i nabożniejsza, jako światłość miedzy czy[e]nyem",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) darkness"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 16, 10:",
"text": "Pod czenem zkrzidl twogich zaszczicy me od oblicza nemilosciwich",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 56, 2:",
"text": "W czen zkrzidlu twoiu pwacz bødø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 23:",
"text": "Wyelye zzakow... ymyenyee oczczyszne trzymayącz a z thego tho ymyenya pod czeenyem zzakowskym powynnee naam... slvzbi woyenne odeymacz obikli",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Is”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 49, 2:",
"text": "Pod cyenyem røki swey obronyl myø gest",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"covering (that which covers something)"
],
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia) covering (that which covers something)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish hapax legomena",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “IV Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 17, 16:",
"text": "Czinyly sobye døte bogy... a cyenyow naczinyly",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"grove"
],
"links": [
[
"grove",
"grove"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax legomenon) grove"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1878-1889 [1424], Archiwum Komisji Historycznej, volume III, Greater Poland, page 332:",
"text": "Dixit..., quod esset... post matrem Corabyew, qui gerunt in clipeo cogą et in coga turrim cum tribus menibus al. czenamy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1878-1889 [1424], Archiwum Komisji Historycznej, volume III, Greater Poland, page 332:",
"text": "Ian Gorzescoth yest nas brath... y nassego clenotu, ktori nossyymy cogą, a w nye wyeza ze trzemy czenyamy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. post.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, Radom, Miłosław, page 197:",
"text": "Czyenye menia",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wall battlement"
],
"links": [
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"battlement",
"battlement"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland; attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland) wall battlement"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish hapax legomena",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 100:",
"text": "Czeny vestibuli",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"vestibule, hallway"
],
"links": [
[
"vestibule",
"vestibule"
],
[
"hallway",
"hallway"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"(hapax legomenon) vestibule, hallway"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish hapax legomena",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 25:",
"text": "W jego *chcieniu zawżdy są roże, kwiatki z lilją..., w jego *chcieniu zawżdy jest czas rozkoszny",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"double bed under a canopy"
],
"links": [
[
"double bed",
"double bed"
],
[
"canopy",
"canopy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"(hapax legomenon) double bed under a canopy"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish hapax legomena",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 596:",
"text": "Jesus... padł na ziemię na swe oblicze, aby śmiarą swej myśli przykry cień ciała ukazał",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax legomenon) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕɛɲ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕɛɲ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "cień"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛɲ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛɲ/1 syllable",
"pl:Afterlife",
"pl:Cosmetics",
"pl:Light",
"pl:Mythological creatures"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cienisty"
},
{
"word": "blaski i cienie"
},
{
"word": "półcień"
},
{
"word": "światłocień"
},
{
"word": "bez cienia wątpliwości"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "położyć się cieniem"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kłaść się cieniem"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "shadow"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "cień",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish cień",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "cień"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish cień",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish cień.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cień",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cienie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cienia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieniów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieniowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieniom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cień",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cienie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieniem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieniami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieniu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieniach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieniu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cienie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "cień m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cień"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "cieni/cieniów"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"shade (darkness where light, particularly sunlight, is blocked)"
],
"links": [
[
"shade",
"shade"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"shadow (dark image projected onto a surface where light is blocked by an object)"
],
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"shadow, outline (faintly visible object)"
],
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"outline",
"outline"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"shadow, husk (inferior or faint representation)"
],
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"husk",
"husk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) shadow, husk (inferior or faint representation)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"shadow, shade, ghost"
],
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"shade",
"shade"
],
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) shadow, shade, ghost"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "duch"
},
{
"word": "zjawa"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"literary",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"eyeshadow"
],
"links": [
[
"eyeshadow",
"eyeshadow"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cień do powiek"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛɲ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛɲ"
}
],
"word": "cień"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛɲ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛɲ/1 syllable",
"pl:Afterlife",
"pl:Cosmetics",
"pl:Light",
"pl:Mythological creatures"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "cień",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cień"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cienić"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of cienić"
],
"links": [
[
"cienić",
"cienić#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛɲ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛɲ"
}
],
"word": "cień"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cień meaning in All languages combined (19.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"cień"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cień",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"cień"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cień",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"cień"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cień",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"cień"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cień",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"cień"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cień",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"cień"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cień",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"cień"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cień",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"cień"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cień",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"cień"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cień",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"cień"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cień",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (51d164f and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.