See chose on Wiktionary
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"ref": "1671, John Milton, “The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 10, lines 165-166:",
"text": "From what conſummate vertue I have choſe / This perfect Man, by merit call'd my Son,",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1896, Sarah Orne Jewett, The Country of the Pointed Firs, Houghton Mifflin, page 66:",
"text": "I expect you might have chose a somewhat larger fish, but I'll try an' make it do.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Andrew Noble Koss, World War I and the Remaking of Jewish Vilna, Stanford University Press, page x:",
"text": "Since this work is about Vilna's Jewish community, I have chose the familiar spelling Vilna, which closely approximates Jews' preferred name for their city.",
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"word": "à peu de choses près"
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{
"word": "autre chose"
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{
"word": "avant toutes choses"
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{
"word": "chose du passé"
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"word": "c’est la moindre des choses"
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"word": "état de choses"
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"word": "être porté sur la chose"
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"word": "faire la part des choses"
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{
"word": "par la force des choses"
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{
"word": "passer aux choses sérieuses"
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{
"word": "plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose"
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{
"word": "prendre les choses comme elles viennent"
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{
"word": "quelque chose"
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"word": "tout chose"
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{
"word": "toutes choses égales par ailleurs"
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"word": "toutes les bonnes choses ont une fin"
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"word": "voir le bon côté des choses"
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"english": "The Agrigentines had a common use solemnly to inter the beasts they had a kindness for, as horses of some rare quality, dogs, and useful birds, and even those that had only been kept to divert their children; and the magnificence that was ordinary with them in all other things, also particularly appeared in the sumptuosity and numbers of monuments erected to this end, and which remained in their beauty several ages after.",
"ref": "1580, Michel de Montaigne, De la cruauté: Essais:",
"text": "Les Agrigentins avaient en usage commun d’enterrer sérieusement les bêtes qu’ils avaient eu chères, comme les chevaux de quelque rare mérite, les chiens et les oiseaux utiles, ou même qui avaient servi de passe-temps à leurs enfants : et la magnificence qui leur était ordinaire en toutes autres choses paraissait aussi singulièrement à la somptuosité et nombre de monuments élevés à cette fin, qui ont duré en parade plusieurs siècles depuis.",
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"english": "Just like the lord, who wishes to accumulate very valuable things in a tiny place […] in order to increase his power, […] puts there—according to his good intention—the dearest things and the most precious jewels he can, so the body of this book is filled with knowledge",
"ref": "1260–1267, Brunetto Latini, “Cist premiers livres parole de la naissance de toutes choses [This first book talks about the birth of all things]” (chapter 1), Livre I - Premiere partie, in Livres dou Tresor [Book of Treasures]; republished as Polycarpe Chabaille, compiler, Li livres dou tresor par Brunetto Latini, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1863, page 1:",
"text": "si come li sires qui vuet en petit leu amasser choses de grandisme vaillance […] por acroistre son pooir […] i met il les plus chieres choses et les plus precieux joiaus que il puet, selonc sa bone entencion, tout autressi est li cors de cest livre compilez de sapience",
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"simple past of choose"
],
"links": [
[
"choose",
"choose#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English nonstandard terms",
"English past participles",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1671, John Milton, “The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 10, lines 165-166:",
"text": "From what conſummate vertue I have choſe / This perfect Man, by merit call'd my Son,",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1896, Sarah Orne Jewett, The Country of the Pointed Firs, Houghton Mifflin, page 66:",
"text": "I expect you might have chose a somewhat larger fish, but I'll try an' make it do.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Andrew Noble Koss, World War I and the Remaking of Jewish Vilna, Stanford University Press, page x:",
"text": "Since this work is about Vilna's Jewish community, I have chose the familiar spelling Vilna, which closely approximates Jews' preferred name for their city.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "choose"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of choose"
],
"links": [
[
"choose",
"choose#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, nonstandard) past participle of choose"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"form-of",
"nonstandard",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "chuse"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past of chuse"
],
"links": [
[
"chuse",
"chuse#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "chōz",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃəʊz/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"enpr": "chōz",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃoʊz/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-chose.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/En-us-chose.ogg/En-us-chose.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/En-us-chose.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊz"
}
],
"word": "chose"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular simple past forms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for attention in Latin etymologies"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chose in action"
},
{
"word": "chose in possession"
},
{
"word": "chose local"
},
{
"word": "chose transitory"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "chose"
},
"expansion": "Middle French chose",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "lena"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "causa",
"4": "",
"5": "cause, reason"
},
"expansion": "Latin causa (“cause, reason”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cause"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cause",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French chose, from Latin causa (“cause, reason”). Doublet of cause.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "choses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chose (plural choses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"A thing; personal property."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"personal",
"personal"
],
[
"property",
"property"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) A thing; personal property."
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"word": "chose"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "à peu de choses près"
},
{
"word": "autre chose"
},
{
"word": "avant toutes choses"
},
{
"word": "chose du passé"
},
{
"word": "chose jugée"
},
{
"word": "chose promise, chose due"
},
{
"word": "chosisme"
},
{
"word": "chosiste"
},
{
"word": "c’est la moindre des choses"
},
{
"word": "de deux choses l’une"
},
{
"word": "état de choses"
},
{
"word": "être porté sur la chose"
},
{
"word": "faire la part des choses"
},
{
"word": "par la force des choses"
},
{
"word": "passer aux choses sérieuses"
},
{
"word": "plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose"
},
{
"word": "prendre les choses comme elles viennent"
},
{
"word": "quelque chose"
},
{
"word": "tout chose"
},
{
"word": "toutes choses égales par ailleurs"
},
{
"word": "toutes les bonnes choses ont une fin"
},
{
"word": "voir le bon côté des choses"
},
{
"word": "voir les choses en grand"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Chose",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Chose",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Chose"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chose",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French chose",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chose"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French chose",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "causa"
},
"expansion": "Latin causa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cosa"
},
"expansion": "Italian cosa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "coisa"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese coisa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cosa"
},
"expansion": "Spanish cosa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cause",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "cause",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French chose, from Latin causa. Compare Italian cosa, Portuguese coisa, Spanish cosa among many others. Compare cause, a borrowed doublet.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "choses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "chose f (plural choses)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French doublets",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with quotations",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Rhymes:French/oz",
"Rhymes:French/oz/1 syllable"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Agrigentines had a common use solemnly to inter the beasts they had a kindness for, as horses of some rare quality, dogs, and useful birds, and even those that had only been kept to divert their children; and the magnificence that was ordinary with them in all other things, also particularly appeared in the sumptuosity and numbers of monuments erected to this end, and which remained in their beauty several ages after.",
"ref": "1580, Michel de Montaigne, De la cruauté: Essais:",
"text": "Les Agrigentins avaient en usage commun d’enterrer sérieusement les bêtes qu’ils avaient eu chères, comme les chevaux de quelque rare mérite, les chiens et les oiseaux utiles, ou même qui avaient servi de passe-temps à leurs enfants : et la magnificence qui leur était ordinaire en toutes autres choses paraissait aussi singulièrement à la somptuosité et nombre de monuments élevés à cette fin, qui ont duré en parade plusieurs siècles depuis.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thing"
],
"links": [
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "truc"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃoz/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-chose.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/Fr-chose.ogg/Fr-chose.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Fr-chose.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃoʊ̯z/",
"tags": [
"Quebec"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-oz"
}
],
"word": "chose"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "chose",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chois"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of chois"
],
"links": [
[
"chois",
"chois#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "chose"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chose"
},
"expansion": "French: chose",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: chose"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chose"
},
"expansion": "Old French chose",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French chose, cose.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "choses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "choses",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "chose f (plural choses)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "chose f (plural choses)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle French countable nouns",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French feminine nouns",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French nouns",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"thing"
],
"links": [
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "chose"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"10": "chosee",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "choses",
"15": "",
"16": "chosees",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{f2}}}s",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "choses",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f3accel-form": "m|s",
"f4accel-form": "f|s",
"f6accel-form": "m|p",
"f7accel-form": "f|p",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "chose m or f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mf"
},
"expansion": "chose m or f",
"name": "nrf-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Jersey Norman",
"Norman adjectives",
"Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"Norman lemmas",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"self-conscious"
],
"links": [
[
"self-conscious",
"self-conscious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey) self-conscious"
],
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Jer-chose.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/Jer-chose.ogg/Jer-chose.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Jer-chose.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Saint-Ouën"
],
"word": "chôthe"
}
],
"word": "chose"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "chose"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: chose",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: chose"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chose"
},
"expansion": "French: chose",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: chose"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "tchôze"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: tchôze",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: tchôze"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "causa"
},
"expansion": "Latin causa",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier cose, cosa, inherited from Latin causa. Compare cause.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chose oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "choses",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chose",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "choses",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "chose oblique singular, f (oblique plural choses, nominative singular chose, nominative plural choses)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French terms with quotations",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Just like the lord, who wishes to accumulate very valuable things in a tiny place […] in order to increase his power, […] puts there—according to his good intention—the dearest things and the most precious jewels he can, so the body of this book is filled with knowledge",
"ref": "1260–1267, Brunetto Latini, “Cist premiers livres parole de la naissance de toutes choses [This first book talks about the birth of all things]” (chapter 1), Livre I - Premiere partie, in Livres dou Tresor [Book of Treasures]; republished as Polycarpe Chabaille, compiler, Li livres dou tresor par Brunetto Latini, Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1863, page 1:",
"text": "si come li sires qui vuet en petit leu amasser choses de grandisme vaillance […] por acroistre son pooir […] i met il les plus chieres choses et les plus precieux joiaus que il puet, selonc sa bone entencion, tout autressi est li cors de cest livre compilez de sapience",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thing (miscellaneous object or concept)"
],
"links": [
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃo.zə/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "very early Old French",
"word": "cosa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Northern-French"
],
"word": "cose"
}
],
"word": "chose"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chose meaning in All languages combined (13.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'chose oblique singular or', originally 'chose oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"chose"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chose",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'chose oblique singular or', originally 'chose oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"chose"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chose",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'chose oblique singular or' in 'chose oblique singular, f (oblique plural choses, nominative singular chose, nominative plural choses)'",
"path": [
"chose"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chose",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.