"chagrin" meaning in All languages combined

See chagrin on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /ˈʃæɡ.ɹɪn/ [UK], /ʃəˈɡɹɪn/ [US] Audio: en-us-chagrin.ogg [US], en-au-chagrin.ogg [Australia] Forms: more chagrin [comparative], most chagrin [superlative]
enPR: shə-grĭn' Rhymes: (UK) -æɡɹɪn, (US) -ɪn Etymology: From French chagrin (“sorrow”), from Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”) (compare Middle French chagriner, chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”), Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)), probably derived from Old Northern French chagreiner, chagraigner (“to sadden”), of uncertain origin. Likely an enlargement of Old French greignier, graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”), from Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”), from graim (“sorrowful”), related to Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”). The initial syllable is obscure. It may represent Old French chat (“cat”) to express the idea of "lamenting or yowling like cats" (compare German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”), katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)). An alternative theory is that it came from a metaphorical use of French chagrin, (peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”), with the connection of roughness, though some dictionaries consider this to be a separate word derived from Old French peau de sagrin, from Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”). The alteration of initial s to ch is likely due to influence from chagrin meaning "sorrow". Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|chagrin|t=sorrow}} French chagrin (“sorrow”), {{der|en|frm|chagrin|t=pain, affliction}} Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”), {{cog|frm|chagriner}} Middle French chagriner, {{m|frm|chagrigner|t=to experience sorrow}} chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”), {{cog|fro|chagrin|t=painful, afflicted}} Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”), {{der|en|fro-nor|chagreiner}} Old Northern French chagreiner, {{m|fro|chagraigner|t=to sadden}} chagraigner (“to sadden”), {{unc|en|nocap=1}} uncertain, {{der|en|fro|greignier}} Old French greignier, {{m|fro|graignier|t=to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over}} graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”), {{der|en|fro|graigne|t=sadness, resentment, grief}} Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”), {{m|fro|graim|t=sorrowful}} graim (“sorrowful”), {{cog|goh|gram|t=furious, gloomy, grieved}} Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”), {{der|en|fro|chat|t=cat}} Old French chat (“cat”), {{noncog|de|Katzenjammer|lit=cat-wailing, cat-misery|t=distress, frustration, depression, chagrin}} German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”), {{m|de|katzbalgen|t=to cat-fight}} katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”), {{cog|fr|chagrin}} French chagrin, {{m|fr|peau de chagrain|(peau de) chagrain|t=a type of roughened leather}} (peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”), {{der|en|fro|peau de sagrin}} Old French peau de sagrin, {{der|en|ota|sağrı|t=the rump of an animal, skin for tawing}} Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”) Head templates: {{en-adj}} chagrin (comparative more chagrin, superlative most chagrin)
  1. (obsolete) Feeling chagrin; annoyed; vexed, fretful. Tags: obsolete Synonyms: chagrined Translations (annoyed): verärgert (German)
    Sense id: en-chagrin-en-adj-X4myBnQU
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: chagrine [obsolete]

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈʃæɡ.ɹɪn/ [UK], /ʃəˈɡɹɪn/ [US] Audio: en-us-chagrin.ogg [US], en-au-chagrin.ogg [Australia] Forms: chagrins [plural]
enPR: shə-grĭn' Rhymes: (UK) -æɡɹɪn, (US) -ɪn Etymology: From French chagrin (“sorrow”), from Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”) (compare Middle French chagriner, chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”), Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)), probably derived from Old Northern French chagreiner, chagraigner (“to sadden”), of uncertain origin. Likely an enlargement of Old French greignier, graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”), from Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”), from graim (“sorrowful”), related to Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”). The initial syllable is obscure. It may represent Old French chat (“cat”) to express the idea of "lamenting or yowling like cats" (compare German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”), katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)). An alternative theory is that it came from a metaphorical use of French chagrin, (peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”), with the connection of roughness, though some dictionaries consider this to be a separate word derived from Old French peau de sagrin, from Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”). The alteration of initial s to ch is likely due to influence from chagrin meaning "sorrow". Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|chagrin|t=sorrow}} French chagrin (“sorrow”), {{der|en|frm|chagrin|t=pain, affliction}} Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”), {{cog|frm|chagriner}} Middle French chagriner, {{m|frm|chagrigner|t=to experience sorrow}} chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”), {{cog|fro|chagrin|t=painful, afflicted}} Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”), {{der|en|fro-nor|chagreiner}} Old Northern French chagreiner, {{m|fro|chagraigner|t=to sadden}} chagraigner (“to sadden”), {{unc|en|nocap=1}} uncertain, {{der|en|fro|greignier}} Old French greignier, {{m|fro|graignier|t=to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over}} graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”), {{der|en|fro|graigne|t=sadness, resentment, grief}} Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”), {{m|fro|graim|t=sorrowful}} graim (“sorrowful”), {{cog|goh|gram|t=furious, gloomy, grieved}} Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”), {{der|en|fro|chat|t=cat}} Old French chat (“cat”), {{noncog|de|Katzenjammer|lit=cat-wailing, cat-misery|t=distress, frustration, depression, chagrin}} German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”), {{m|de|katzbalgen|t=to cat-fight}} katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”), {{cog|fr|chagrin}} French chagrin, {{m|fr|peau de chagrain|(peau de) chagrain|t=a type of roughened leather}} (peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”), {{der|en|fro|peau de sagrin}} Old French peau de sagrin, {{der|en|ota|sağrı|t=the rump of an animal, skin for tawing}} Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”) Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} chagrin (countable and uncountable, plural chagrins)
  1. Distress of mind caused by a failure of aims or plans, want of appreciation, mistakes etc; vexation or mortification. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Emotions Synonyms: disquiet, fretfulness, mortification, peevishness, vexation Translations (distress from failure; vexation or mortification): разочарование (razočarovanie) [neuter] (Bulgarian), огорчение (ogorčenie) [neuter] (Bulgarian), 懊惱 (Chinese Mandarin), 懊恼 (àonǎo) (Chinese Mandarin), 煩惱 (Chinese Mandarin), 烦恼 (fánnǎo) (Chinese Mandarin), zármutek [masculine] (Czech), zklamání [neuter] (Czech), rozčarování [neuter] (Czech), nelibost [feminine] (Czech), frustrace [feminine] (Czech), zahanbení [neuter] (Czech), verdriet [neuter] (Dutch), irritatie [feminine] (Dutch), ongenoegen [neuter] (Dutch), chagrijn [neuter] (Dutch), mielipaha (Finnish), chagrin [masculine] (French), Verdruss [masculine] (German), Leidwesen [neuter] (German), dispiacere [masculine] (Italian), delusione [feminine] (Italian), mortificazione [feminine] (Italian), 残念 (alt: ざんねん zan'nen) (Japanese), 無念 (alt: むねん munen) (Japanese), ого́рченост (ogórčenost) [feminine] (Macedonian), разочару́вање (razočarúvanje) [neuter] (Macedonian), poczucie klęski (Polish), desgosto [masculine] (Portuguese), доса́да (dosáda) [feminine] (Russian), огорче́ние (ogorčénije) [neuter] (Russian), miabhadh [masculine] (Scottish Gaelic), disgusto [masculine] (Spanish), pesar [masculine] (Spanish), förtret (Swedish), hüsran (Turkish), batkı (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-chagrin-en-noun-ezQ6B1hq Disambiguation of Emotions: 27 40 5 26 2 Categories (other): English terms with collocations, English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup, Old French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 6 71 10 7 5 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 5 77 8 5 4 Disambiguation of Old French entries with incorrect language header: 1 25 2 2 1 28 27 2 10 2 0 Disambiguation of 'distress from failure; vexation or mortification': 98 2
  2. A type of leather or skin with a rough surface. Tags: countable, uncountable Synonyms: shagreen Translations (type of leather or skin): шагрен (šagren) [masculine] (Bulgarian), Chagrin [neuter] (German), Chagrinleder [neuter] (German), 鮫皮 (samegawa) (Japanese), ша́грен (šágren) [masculine] (Macedonian), jaszczur [masculine] (Polish), szagryn [masculine] (Polish), шагре́невая ко́жа (šagrénevaja kóža) [masculine] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-chagrin-en-noun-gGIcrcSf Disambiguation of 'type of leather or skin': 0 100
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: chagrine [obsolete] Derived forms: shagreen Related terms: disgust, disappointment

Verb [English]

IPA: /ˈʃæɡ.ɹɪn/ [UK], /ʃəˈɡɹɪn/ [US] Audio: en-us-chagrin.ogg [US], en-au-chagrin.ogg [Australia] Forms: chagrins [present, singular, third-person], chagrining [participle, present], chagrinning [participle, present], chagrined [participle, past], chagrined [past], chagrinned [participle, past], chagrinned [past]
enPR: shə-grĭn' Rhymes: (UK) -æɡɹɪn, (US) -ɪn Etymology: From French chagrin (“sorrow”), from Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”) (compare Middle French chagriner, chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”), Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)), probably derived from Old Northern French chagreiner, chagraigner (“to sadden”), of uncertain origin. Likely an enlargement of Old French greignier, graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”), from Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”), from graim (“sorrowful”), related to Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”). The initial syllable is obscure. It may represent Old French chat (“cat”) to express the idea of "lamenting or yowling like cats" (compare German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”), katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)). An alternative theory is that it came from a metaphorical use of French chagrin, (peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”), with the connection of roughness, though some dictionaries consider this to be a separate word derived from Old French peau de sagrin, from Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”). The alteration of initial s to ch is likely due to influence from chagrin meaning "sorrow". Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|chagrin|t=sorrow}} French chagrin (“sorrow”), {{der|en|frm|chagrin|t=pain, affliction}} Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”), {{cog|frm|chagriner}} Middle French chagriner, {{m|frm|chagrigner|t=to experience sorrow}} chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”), {{cog|fro|chagrin|t=painful, afflicted}} Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”), {{der|en|fro-nor|chagreiner}} Old Northern French chagreiner, {{m|fro|chagraigner|t=to sadden}} chagraigner (“to sadden”), {{unc|en|nocap=1}} uncertain, {{der|en|fro|greignier}} Old French greignier, {{m|fro|graignier|t=to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over}} graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”), {{der|en|fro|graigne|t=sadness, resentment, grief}} Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”), {{m|fro|graim|t=sorrowful}} graim (“sorrowful”), {{cog|goh|gram|t=furious, gloomy, grieved}} Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”), {{der|en|fro|chat|t=cat}} Old French chat (“cat”), {{noncog|de|Katzenjammer|lit=cat-wailing, cat-misery|t=distress, frustration, depression, chagrin}} German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”), {{m|de|katzbalgen|t=to cat-fight}} katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”), {{cog|fr|chagrin}} French chagrin, {{m|fr|peau de chagrain|(peau de) chagrain|t=a type of roughened leather}} (peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”), {{der|en|fro|peau de sagrin}} Old French peau de sagrin, {{der|en|ota|sağrı|t=the rump of an animal, skin for tawing}} Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”) Head templates: {{en-verb|past2=chagrinned|pres_ptc2=chagrinning}} chagrin (third-person singular simple present chagrins, present participle chagrining or chagrinning, simple past and past participle chagrined or chagrinned)
  1. (transitive) To bother or vex; to mortify. Tags: transitive Translations (bother or vex; to mortify): огорчавам (ogorčavam) (Bulgarian), досаждам (dosaždam) (Bulgarian), zklamat (Czech), zarmoutit (Czech), vervelen (Dutch), storen (Dutch), olla pahoillaan (Finnish), verdrießen (German), verärgern (German), ärgern (German), stören (German), deludere (Italian), mortificare (Italian), до́саѓа (dósaǵa) (Macedonian), ого́рчува (ogórčuva) [imperfective] (Macedonian), о́горчи (ógorči) [perfective] (Macedonian), досажда́ть (dosaždátʹ) (Russian), огорча́ть (ogorčátʹ) (Russian), sàraich (Scottish Gaelic), mortificar (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-chagrin-en-verb-uznoLRNS Disambiguation of 'bother or vex; to mortify': 96 4
  2. (reflexive, obsolete, rare) To be vexed or annoyed. Tags: obsolete, rare, reflexive
    Sense id: en-chagrin-en-verb-gvu--bYK
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: chagrine [obsolete] Derived forms: chagrined, chagrining

Adjective [French]

IPA: /ʃa.ɡʁɛ̃/ Audio: Fr-chagrin.ogg Forms: chagrine [feminine], chagrins [masculine, plural], chagrines [feminine, plural]
Etymology: From chagriner, perhaps from Frankish *gram, akin to German Gram Etymology templates: {{m|fr|chagriner}} chagriner, {{der|fr|frk|*gram}} Frankish *gram, {{m|de|Gram}} Gram Head templates: {{fr-adj}} chagrin (feminine chagrine, masculine plural chagrins, feminine plural chagrines)
  1. (literary) despondent, woeful Tags: literary
    Sense id: en-chagrin-fr-adj-6I77i8jL Categories (other): Old French entries with incorrect language header, French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old French entries with incorrect language header: 1 25 2 2 1 28 27 2 10 2 0 Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 47 47 6
  2. (literary) disgruntled, morose Tags: literary
    Sense id: en-chagrin-fr-adj-Ix~NsI9j Categories (other): Old French entries with incorrect language header, French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old French entries with incorrect language header: 1 25 2 2 1 28 27 2 10 2 0 Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 47 47 6
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: esprit chagrin Related terms: chagrinant, chagriner

Noun [French]

IPA: /ʃa.ɡʁɛ̃/ Audio: Fr-chagrin.ogg Forms: chagrins [plural]
Etymology: From chagriner, perhaps from Frankish *gram, akin to German Gram Etymology templates: {{m|fr|chagriner}} chagriner, {{der|fr|frk|*gram}} Frankish *gram, {{m|de|Gram}} Gram Head templates: {{fr-noun|m}} chagrin m (plural chagrins)
  1. sorrow, grief, chagrin Tags: masculine Derived forms: chagrin d’amour, noyer son chagrin, peau de chagrin
    Sense id: en-chagrin-fr-noun-IIWZxI~6

Verb [Louisiana Creole]

Etymology: From French chagrin (“sorrow”), compare Haitian Creole chagrin. Etymology templates: {{inh|lou|fr|chagrin||sorrow}} French chagrin (“sorrow”), {{cog|ht|chagrin}} Haitian Creole chagrin Head templates: {{head|lou|verb}} chagrin
  1. to be sorry
    Sense id: en-chagrin-lou-verb-FIKvNo6f Categories (other): Louisiana Creole entries with incorrect language header, Old French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old French entries with incorrect language header: 1 25 2 2 1 28 27 2 10 2 0

Adjective [Old French]

Forms: chagrine [feminine, nominative, oblique, singular]
Etymology: From Old Northern French chagraigner, eventually from Frankish *gram, from Proto-West Germanic *gram(ī). Etymology templates: {{der|fro|fro-nor|chagreiner|chagraigner}} Old Northern French chagraigner, {{der|fro|frk|*gram}} Frankish *gram, {{der|fro|gmw-pro|*gram(ī)}} Proto-West Germanic *gram(ī) Head templates: {{head|fro|adjective|oblique and nominative feminine singular|chagrine|||||||g=m|head=}} chagrin m (oblique and nominative feminine singular chagrine), {{fro-adj}} chagrin m (oblique and nominative feminine singular chagrine)
  1. painful, afflicted Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-chagrin-fro-adj-sTJtGJwx

Noun [Old French]

Forms: chagrin oblique singular or [canonical, masculine], chagrins [oblique, plural], chagrins [nominative, singular], chagrin [nominative, plural]
Etymology: From Old Northern French chagraigner, eventually from Frankish *gram, from Proto-West Germanic *gram(ī). Etymology templates: {{der|fro|fro-nor|chagreiner|chagraigner}} Old Northern French chagraigner, {{der|fro|frk|*gram}} Frankish *gram, {{der|fro|gmw-pro|*gram(ī)}} Proto-West Germanic *gram(ī) Head templates: {{fro-noun|m}} chagrin oblique singular, m (oblique plural chagrins, nominative singular chagrins, nominative plural chagrin)
  1. pain, affliction
    Sense id: en-chagrin-fro-noun-7WxiPHaq

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for chagrin meaning in All languages combined (39.6kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "shagreen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "chagrin",
        "t": "sorrow"
      },
      "expansion": "French chagrin (“sorrow”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "chagrin",
        "t": "pain, affliction"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "chagriner"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French chagriner",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "chagrigner",
        "t": "to experience sorrow"
      },
      "expansion": "chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "chagrin",
        "t": "painful, afflicted"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro-nor",
        "3": "chagreiner"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Northern French chagreiner",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "chagraigner",
        "t": "to sadden"
      },
      "expansion": "chagraigner (“to sadden”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "greignier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French greignier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "graignier",
        "t": "to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over"
      },
      "expansion": "graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "graigne",
        "t": "sadness, resentment, grief"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "graim",
        "t": "sorrowful"
      },
      "expansion": "graim (“sorrowful”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "gram",
        "t": "furious, gloomy, grieved"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "chat",
        "t": "cat"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French chat (“cat”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Katzenjammer",
        "lit": "cat-wailing, cat-misery",
        "t": "distress, frustration, depression, chagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "katzbalgen",
        "t": "to cat-fight"
      },
      "expansion": "katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "French chagrin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "peau de chagrain",
        "3": "(peau de) chagrain",
        "t": "a type of roughened leather"
      },
      "expansion": "(peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "peau de sagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French peau de sagrin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "sağrı",
        "t": "the rump of an animal, skin for tawing"
      },
      "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French chagrin (“sorrow”), from Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”) (compare Middle French chagriner, chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”), Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)), probably derived from Old Northern French chagreiner, chagraigner (“to sadden”), of uncertain origin. Likely an enlargement of Old French greignier, graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”), from Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”), from graim (“sorrowful”), related to Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”). The initial syllable is obscure. It may represent Old French chat (“cat”) to express the idea of \"lamenting or yowling like cats\" (compare German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”), katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)).\nAn alternative theory is that it came from a metaphorical use of French chagrin, (peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”), with the connection of roughness, though some dictionaries consider this to be a separate word derived from Old French peau de sagrin, from Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”). The alteration of initial s to ch is likely due to influence from chagrin meaning \"sorrow\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chagrins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "chagrin (countable and uncountable, plural chagrins)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "disgust"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "disappointment"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 71 10 7 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 77 8 5 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 25 2 2 1 28 27 2 10 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 40 5 26 2",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "en:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "much to the chagrin (of)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1876, Louisa May Alcott, chapter 8, in Rose In Bloom",
          "text": "[H]e alone knew how deep was the deluded man's chagrin at the failure of the little plot which he fancied was prospering finely.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2019 May 5, Danette Chavez, “Campaigns are Waged On and Off the Game Of Thrones Battlefield (Newbies)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2021-01-28",
          "text": "And even though their numbers have been halved—that’s the unofficial tally given in one of the strategy sessions—everyone from Sansa to Daenerys to Varys is wondering who is going to rule over which pile of smoking ruins. That’s when the campaigning begins, much to Jon and Dany’s chagrin.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Distress of mind caused by a failure of aims or plans, want of appreciation, mistakes etc; vexation or mortification."
      ],
      "id": "en-chagrin-en-noun-ezQ6B1hq",
      "links": [
        [
          "Distress",
          "distress"
        ],
        [
          "vexation",
          "vexation"
        ],
        [
          "mortification",
          "mortification"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "disquiet"
        },
        {
          "word": "fretfulness"
        },
        {
          "word": "mortification"
        },
        {
          "word": "peevishness"
        },
        {
          "word": "vexation"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "razočarovanie",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "разочарование"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "ogorčenie",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "огорчение"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "word": "懊惱"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "àonǎo",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "word": "懊恼"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "word": "煩惱"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "fánnǎo",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "word": "烦恼"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "zármutek"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "zklamání"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "rozčarování"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "nelibost"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "frustrace"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "zahanbení"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "verdriet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "irritatie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ongenoegen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "chagrijn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "word": "mielipaha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "chagrin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Verdruss"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Leidwesen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "dispiacere"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "delusione"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mortificazione"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "alt": "ざんねん zan'nen",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "word": "残念"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "alt": "むねん munen",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "word": "無念"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "ogórčenost",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ого́рченост"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "razočarúvanje",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "разочару́вање"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "word": "poczucie klęski"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "desgosto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "dosáda",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "доса́да"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ogorčénije",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "огорче́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "miabhadh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "disgusto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pesar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "word": "förtret"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "word": "hüsran"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
          "word": "batkı"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A type of leather or skin with a rough surface."
      ],
      "id": "en-chagrin-en-noun-gGIcrcSf",
      "links": [
        [
          "leather",
          "leather"
        ],
        [
          "OED Online",
          "w:Oxford English Dictionary#Electronic versions"
        ],
        [
          "Oxford University Press",
          "w:Oxford University Press"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "shagreen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "šagren",
          "sense": "type of leather or skin",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "шагрен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "type of leather or skin",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Chagrin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "type of leather or skin",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Chagrinleder"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "samegawa",
          "sense": "type of leather or skin",
          "word": "鮫皮"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "šágren",
          "sense": "type of leather or skin",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ша́грен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "type of leather or skin",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "jaszczur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "type of leather or skin",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "szagryn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "šagrénevaja kóža",
          "sense": "type of leather or skin",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "шагре́невая ко́жа"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʃæɡ.ɹɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃəˈɡɹɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(UK) -æɡɹɪn"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(US) -ɪn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-chagrin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-chagrin.ogg/En-us-chagrin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-chagrin.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-chagrin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-au-chagrin.ogg/En-au-chagrin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-au-chagrin.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "shə-grĭn'"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "chagrine"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Trésor de la langue française informatisé"
  ],
  "word": "chagrin"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "chagrined"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "chagrining"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "chagrin",
        "t": "sorrow"
      },
      "expansion": "French chagrin (“sorrow”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "chagrin",
        "t": "pain, affliction"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "chagriner"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French chagriner",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "chagrigner",
        "t": "to experience sorrow"
      },
      "expansion": "chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "chagrin",
        "t": "painful, afflicted"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro-nor",
        "3": "chagreiner"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Northern French chagreiner",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "chagraigner",
        "t": "to sadden"
      },
      "expansion": "chagraigner (“to sadden”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "greignier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French greignier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "graignier",
        "t": "to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over"
      },
      "expansion": "graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "graigne",
        "t": "sadness, resentment, grief"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "graim",
        "t": "sorrowful"
      },
      "expansion": "graim (“sorrowful”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "gram",
        "t": "furious, gloomy, grieved"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "chat",
        "t": "cat"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French chat (“cat”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Katzenjammer",
        "lit": "cat-wailing, cat-misery",
        "t": "distress, frustration, depression, chagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "katzbalgen",
        "t": "to cat-fight"
      },
      "expansion": "katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "French chagrin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "peau de chagrain",
        "3": "(peau de) chagrain",
        "t": "a type of roughened leather"
      },
      "expansion": "(peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "peau de sagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French peau de sagrin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "sağrı",
        "t": "the rump of an animal, skin for tawing"
      },
      "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French chagrin (“sorrow”), from Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”) (compare Middle French chagriner, chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”), Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)), probably derived from Old Northern French chagreiner, chagraigner (“to sadden”), of uncertain origin. Likely an enlargement of Old French greignier, graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”), from Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”), from graim (“sorrowful”), related to Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”). The initial syllable is obscure. It may represent Old French chat (“cat”) to express the idea of \"lamenting or yowling like cats\" (compare German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”), katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)).\nAn alternative theory is that it came from a metaphorical use of French chagrin, (peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”), with the connection of roughness, though some dictionaries consider this to be a separate word derived from Old French peau de sagrin, from Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”). The alteration of initial s to ch is likely due to influence from chagrin meaning \"sorrow\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chagrins",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrining",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrinning",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrined",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrined",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrinned",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrinned",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "past2": "chagrinned",
        "pres_ptc2": "chagrinning"
      },
      "expansion": "chagrin (third-person singular simple present chagrins, present participle chagrining or chagrinning, simple past and past participle chagrined or chagrinned)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1683, Richard Tonson, Jacob Tonson, translated by Daniel Defoe, An Account of Monsieur De Quesne’s Late Expedition at Chio, London, page 50",
          "text": "But since this Infidel Minister knows the folly of these Brags; which he sees destroy’d by the Relations Printed in other Countries: They serve only, for a Subject to augment his Pride; and gives him a Pleasure, the mor to Chagrine and Mortifie the French Ambassador.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1748, Laetitia Pilkington, Memoirs, volume 3, Dublin, page 75",
          "text": "[…] though you send at any Time, and even received an unmannerly Answer, do not let a rash Pride drive you to return the Affront, since it is impossible for you to know what at that Instant had chagrin’d their Temper.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1764, William Shenstone, “The Progress of Taste,” Part I, in The Works in Verse and Prose of William Shenstone, London: R. & J. Dodsley, Volume I, p. 265, But friends and fav’rites, to chagrin them, Find counties, countries, seas, between them",
          "text": "Meet once a year, then part, and then\nRetiring, wish to meet again."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1855, Elizabeth Gaskell, chapter 40, in North and South",
          "text": "He felt pretty sure that, if this interview took place, his mother's account of what passed at it would only annoy and chagrin him, though he would all the time be aware of the colouring which it received by passing through her mind.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1970, Toni Morrison, “Autumn”, in The Bluest Eye, New York: Pocket Books, published 1972, page 23",
          "text": "She would go on like that for hours, connecting one offense to another until all of the things that chagrined her were spewed out.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To bother or vex; to mortify."
      ],
      "id": "en-chagrin-en-verb-uznoLRNS",
      "links": [
        [
          "bother",
          "bother"
        ],
        [
          "vex",
          "vex"
        ],
        [
          "mortify",
          "mortify"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To bother or vex; to mortify."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "ogorčavam",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "огорчавам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "dosaždam",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "досаждам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "zklamat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "zarmoutit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "vervelen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "storen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "olla pahoillaan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "verdrießen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "verärgern"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "ärgern"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "stören"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "deludere"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "mortificare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "dósaǵa",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "до́саѓа"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "ogórčuva",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "ого́рчува"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "ógorči",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "о́горчи"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "dosaždátʹ",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "досажда́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ogorčátʹ",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "огорча́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "sàraich"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
          "word": "mortificar"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1760, Arthur Murphy, The Way to Keep Him, London: P. Vaillant, act I, scene 1, page 8",
          "text": "Dear Ma’am, why will you chagrine yourself about a vile Man, that is not worth,—no, as I live and breathe,—not worth a single Sigh?",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be vexed or annoyed."
      ],
      "id": "en-chagrin-en-verb-gvu--bYK",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive, obsolete, rare) To be vexed or annoyed."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "rare",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʃæɡ.ɹɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃəˈɡɹɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(UK) -æɡɹɪn"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(US) -ɪn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-chagrin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-chagrin.ogg/En-us-chagrin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-chagrin.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-chagrin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-au-chagrin.ogg/En-au-chagrin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-au-chagrin.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "shə-grĭn'"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "chagrine"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Trésor de la langue française informatisé"
  ],
  "word": "chagrin"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "chagrin",
        "t": "sorrow"
      },
      "expansion": "French chagrin (“sorrow”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "chagrin",
        "t": "pain, affliction"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "chagriner"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French chagriner",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "chagrigner",
        "t": "to experience sorrow"
      },
      "expansion": "chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "chagrin",
        "t": "painful, afflicted"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro-nor",
        "3": "chagreiner"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Northern French chagreiner",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "chagraigner",
        "t": "to sadden"
      },
      "expansion": "chagraigner (“to sadden”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "greignier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French greignier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "graignier",
        "t": "to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over"
      },
      "expansion": "graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "graigne",
        "t": "sadness, resentment, grief"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "graim",
        "t": "sorrowful"
      },
      "expansion": "graim (“sorrowful”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "gram",
        "t": "furious, gloomy, grieved"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "chat",
        "t": "cat"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French chat (“cat”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Katzenjammer",
        "lit": "cat-wailing, cat-misery",
        "t": "distress, frustration, depression, chagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "katzbalgen",
        "t": "to cat-fight"
      },
      "expansion": "katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "French chagrin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "peau de chagrain",
        "3": "(peau de) chagrain",
        "t": "a type of roughened leather"
      },
      "expansion": "(peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "peau de sagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French peau de sagrin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "sağrı",
        "t": "the rump of an animal, skin for tawing"
      },
      "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French chagrin (“sorrow”), from Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”) (compare Middle French chagriner, chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”), Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)), probably derived from Old Northern French chagreiner, chagraigner (“to sadden”), of uncertain origin. Likely an enlargement of Old French greignier, graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”), from Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”), from graim (“sorrowful”), related to Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”). The initial syllable is obscure. It may represent Old French chat (“cat”) to express the idea of \"lamenting or yowling like cats\" (compare German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”), katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)).\nAn alternative theory is that it came from a metaphorical use of French chagrin, (peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”), with the connection of roughness, though some dictionaries consider this to be a separate word derived from Old French peau de sagrin, from Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”). The alteration of initial s to ch is likely due to influence from chagrin meaning \"sorrow\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more chagrin",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most chagrin",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chagrin (comparative more chagrin, superlative most chagrin)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1673, John Dryden, Marriage a-la-mode, London: Henry Herringman, act III, scene 1, page 33",
          "text": "Dear, my dear, pity me; I am so chagrin to day, and have had the most signal affront at Court!",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1718, Daniel Defoe, The Family Instructor, London: Emanuel Matthews, Volume 2, Dialogue 5, p. 390",
          "text": "[…] instead of rejoycing at this Prosperity of his Family, which a true Father of his Children would have esteem’d his own, a Spirit of Envy and Discontent seized him, and he went away chagrine and melancholy.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "1728, Henry Fielding, Love in Several Masques, Act V, Scene 3, in The Works of Henry Fielding, Esq, London: W. Strahan et al., 1784, Volume I, p. 174,\nI wou’d not have your ladyship chagrin at my bride’s expression […]"
        },
        {
          "text": "1758, “Captain T—of BATTEREAU’s Regiment in the Isle of SKIE to Captain P— at Fort AUGUSTUS” in Robert Dodsley (ed.), A Collection of Poems in Six Volumes, London: R. & J. Dodsley, p. 243,\nAll pensive, heartless, and chagrine\nI sit, devoted prey to spleen;"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Feeling chagrin; annoyed; vexed, fretful."
      ],
      "id": "en-chagrin-en-adj-X4myBnQU",
      "links": [
        [
          "annoyed",
          "annoyed"
        ],
        [
          "vexed",
          "vexed"
        ],
        [
          "fretful",
          "fretful"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) Feeling chagrin; annoyed; vexed, fretful."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "chagrined"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "annoyed",
          "word": "verärgert"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʃæɡ.ɹɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃəˈɡɹɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(UK) -æɡɹɪn"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(US) -ɪn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-chagrin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-chagrin.ogg/En-us-chagrin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-chagrin.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-chagrin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-au-chagrin.ogg/En-au-chagrin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-au-chagrin.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "shə-grĭn'"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "chagrine"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Trésor de la langue française informatisé"
  ],
  "word": "chagrin"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chagriner"
      },
      "expansion": "chagriner",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*gram"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *gram",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Gram"
      },
      "expansion": "Gram",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From chagriner, perhaps from Frankish *gram, akin to German Gram",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chagrins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "chagrin m (plural chagrins)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "chagrin d’amour"
        },
        {
          "word": "noyer son chagrin"
        },
        {
          "word": "peau de chagrin"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sorrow, grief, chagrin"
      ],
      "id": "en-chagrin-fr-noun-IIWZxI~6",
      "links": [
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "grief",
          "grief"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃa.ɡʁɛ̃/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-chagrin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Fr-chagrin.ogg/Fr-chagrin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Fr-chagrin.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chagrin"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "esprit chagrin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chagriner"
      },
      "expansion": "chagriner",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*gram"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *gram",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Gram"
      },
      "expansion": "Gram",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From chagriner, perhaps from Frankish *gram, akin to German Gram",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chagrine",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrins",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrines",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chagrin (feminine chagrine, masculine plural chagrins, feminine plural chagrines)",
      "name": "fr-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "chagrinant"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "chagriner"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 25 2 2 1 28 27 2 10 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 47 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "despondent, woeful"
      ],
      "id": "en-chagrin-fr-adj-6I77i8jL",
      "links": [
        [
          "despondent",
          "despondent"
        ],
        [
          "woeful",
          "woeful"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) despondent, woeful"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 25 2 2 1 28 27 2 10 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 47 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "disgruntled, morose"
      ],
      "id": "en-chagrin-fr-adj-Ix~NsI9j",
      "links": [
        [
          "disgruntled",
          "disgruntled"
        ],
        [
          "morose",
          "morose"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) disgruntled, morose"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃa.ɡʁɛ̃/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-chagrin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Fr-chagrin.ogg/Fr-chagrin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Fr-chagrin.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chagrin"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lou",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "chagrin",
        "4": "",
        "5": "sorrow"
      },
      "expansion": "French chagrin (“sorrow”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ht",
        "2": "chagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "Haitian Creole chagrin",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French chagrin (“sorrow”), compare Haitian Creole chagrin.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lou",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "chagrin",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Louisiana Creole",
  "lang_code": "lou",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Louisiana Creole entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 25 2 2 1 28 27 2 10 2 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be sorry"
      ],
      "id": "en-chagrin-lou-verb-FIKvNo6f",
      "links": [
        [
          "sorry",
          "sorry"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chagrin"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "fro-nor",
        "3": "chagreiner",
        "4": "chagraigner"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Northern French chagraigner",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*gram"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *gram",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*gram(ī)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gram(ī)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Northern French chagraigner, eventually from Frankish *gram, from Proto-West Germanic *gram(ī).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chagrine",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "10": "",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
        "4": "chagrine",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "g": "m",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "chagrin m (oblique and nominative feminine singular chagrine)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chagrin m (oblique and nominative feminine singular chagrine)",
      "name": "fro-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "painful, afflicted"
      ],
      "id": "en-chagrin-fro-adj-sTJtGJwx",
      "links": [
        [
          "painful",
          "painful"
        ],
        [
          "afflicted",
          "afflicted"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chagrin"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "chagrin"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: chagrin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: chagrin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "chagrin"
          },
          "expansion": "French: chagrin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: chagrin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "chagrin",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: chagrin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: chagrin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "fro-nor",
        "3": "chagreiner",
        "4": "chagraigner"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Northern French chagraigner",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*gram"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *gram",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*gram(ī)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gram(ī)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Northern French chagraigner, eventually from Frankish *gram, from Proto-West Germanic *gram(ī).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chagrin oblique singular or",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrins",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrins",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrin",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "chagrin oblique singular, m (oblique plural chagrins, nominative singular chagrins, nominative plural chagrin)",
      "name": "fro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pain, affliction"
      ],
      "id": "en-chagrin-fro-noun-7WxiPHaq",
      "links": [
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ],
        [
          "affliction",
          "affliction"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chagrin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Old Northern French",
    "English terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Old French adjectives",
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French masculine nouns",
    "Old French nouns",
    "Old French terms derived from Frankish",
    "Old French terms derived from Old Northern French",
    "Old French terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Requests for review of French translations",
    "Rhymes:English/æɡɹɪn",
    "Rhymes:English/æɡɹɪn/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪn",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪn/2 syllables",
    "en:Emotions"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "shagreen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "chagrin",
        "t": "sorrow"
      },
      "expansion": "French chagrin (“sorrow”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "chagrin",
        "t": "pain, affliction"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "chagriner"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French chagriner",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "chagrigner",
        "t": "to experience sorrow"
      },
      "expansion": "chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "chagrin",
        "t": "painful, afflicted"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro-nor",
        "3": "chagreiner"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Northern French chagreiner",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "chagraigner",
        "t": "to sadden"
      },
      "expansion": "chagraigner (“to sadden”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "greignier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French greignier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "graignier",
        "t": "to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over"
      },
      "expansion": "graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "graigne",
        "t": "sadness, resentment, grief"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "graim",
        "t": "sorrowful"
      },
      "expansion": "graim (“sorrowful”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "gram",
        "t": "furious, gloomy, grieved"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "chat",
        "t": "cat"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French chat (“cat”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Katzenjammer",
        "lit": "cat-wailing, cat-misery",
        "t": "distress, frustration, depression, chagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "katzbalgen",
        "t": "to cat-fight"
      },
      "expansion": "katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "French chagrin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "peau de chagrain",
        "3": "(peau de) chagrain",
        "t": "a type of roughened leather"
      },
      "expansion": "(peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "peau de sagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French peau de sagrin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "sağrı",
        "t": "the rump of an animal, skin for tawing"
      },
      "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French chagrin (“sorrow”), from Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”) (compare Middle French chagriner, chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”), Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)), probably derived from Old Northern French chagreiner, chagraigner (“to sadden”), of uncertain origin. Likely an enlargement of Old French greignier, graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”), from Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”), from graim (“sorrowful”), related to Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”). The initial syllable is obscure. It may represent Old French chat (“cat”) to express the idea of \"lamenting or yowling like cats\" (compare German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”), katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)).\nAn alternative theory is that it came from a metaphorical use of French chagrin, (peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”), with the connection of roughness, though some dictionaries consider this to be a separate word derived from Old French peau de sagrin, from Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”). The alteration of initial s to ch is likely due to influence from chagrin meaning \"sorrow\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chagrins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "chagrin (countable and uncountable, plural chagrins)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "disgust"
    },
    {
      "word": "disappointment"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with collocations",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "much to the chagrin (of)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1876, Louisa May Alcott, chapter 8, in Rose In Bloom",
          "text": "[H]e alone knew how deep was the deluded man's chagrin at the failure of the little plot which he fancied was prospering finely.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2019 May 5, Danette Chavez, “Campaigns are Waged On and Off the Game Of Thrones Battlefield (Newbies)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2021-01-28",
          "text": "And even though their numbers have been halved—that’s the unofficial tally given in one of the strategy sessions—everyone from Sansa to Daenerys to Varys is wondering who is going to rule over which pile of smoking ruins. That’s when the campaigning begins, much to Jon and Dany’s chagrin.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Distress of mind caused by a failure of aims or plans, want of appreciation, mistakes etc; vexation or mortification."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Distress",
          "distress"
        ],
        [
          "vexation",
          "vexation"
        ],
        [
          "mortification",
          "mortification"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "disquiet"
        },
        {
          "word": "fretfulness"
        },
        {
          "word": "mortification"
        },
        {
          "word": "peevishness"
        },
        {
          "word": "vexation"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A type of leather or skin with a rough surface."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "leather",
          "leather"
        ],
        [
          "OED Online",
          "w:Oxford English Dictionary#Electronic versions"
        ],
        [
          "Oxford University Press",
          "w:Oxford University Press"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "shagreen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʃæɡ.ɹɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃəˈɡɹɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(UK) -æɡɹɪn"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(US) -ɪn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-chagrin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-chagrin.ogg/En-us-chagrin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-chagrin.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-chagrin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-au-chagrin.ogg/En-au-chagrin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-au-chagrin.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "shə-grĭn'"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "chagrine"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "razočarovanie",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "разочарование"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "ogorčenie",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "огорчение"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "word": "懊惱"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "àonǎo",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "word": "懊恼"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "word": "煩惱"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "fánnǎo",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "word": "烦恼"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "zármutek"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "zklamání"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "rozčarování"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "nelibost"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "frustrace"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "zahanbení"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "verdriet"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "irritatie"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ongenoegen"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "chagrijn"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "word": "mielipaha"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "chagrin"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Verdruss"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Leidwesen"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "dispiacere"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "delusione"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mortificazione"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ざんねん zan'nen",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "word": "残念"
    },
    {
      "alt": "むねん munen",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "word": "無念"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "ogórčenost",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ого́рченост"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "razočarúvanje",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "разочару́вање"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "word": "poczucie klęski"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "desgosto"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "dosáda",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "доса́да"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ogorčénije",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "огорче́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "miabhadh"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "disgusto"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pesar"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "word": "förtret"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "word": "hüsran"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "distress from failure; vexation or mortification",
      "word": "batkı"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "šagren",
      "sense": "type of leather or skin",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "шагрен"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "type of leather or skin",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Chagrin"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "type of leather or skin",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Chagrinleder"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "samegawa",
      "sense": "type of leather or skin",
      "word": "鮫皮"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "šágren",
      "sense": "type of leather or skin",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ша́грен"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "type of leather or skin",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "jaszczur"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "type of leather or skin",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "szagryn"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "šagrénevaja kóža",
      "sense": "type of leather or skin",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "шагре́невая ко́жа"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Trésor de la langue française informatisé"
  ],
  "word": "chagrin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Old Northern French",
    "English terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Old French adjectives",
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French masculine nouns",
    "Old French nouns",
    "Old French terms derived from Frankish",
    "Old French terms derived from Old Northern French",
    "Old French terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Requests for review of French translations",
    "Rhymes:English/æɡɹɪn",
    "Rhymes:English/æɡɹɪn/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪn",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪn/2 syllables",
    "en:Emotions"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "chagrined"
    },
    {
      "word": "chagrining"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "chagrin",
        "t": "sorrow"
      },
      "expansion": "French chagrin (“sorrow”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "chagrin",
        "t": "pain, affliction"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "chagriner"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French chagriner",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "chagrigner",
        "t": "to experience sorrow"
      },
      "expansion": "chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "chagrin",
        "t": "painful, afflicted"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro-nor",
        "3": "chagreiner"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Northern French chagreiner",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "chagraigner",
        "t": "to sadden"
      },
      "expansion": "chagraigner (“to sadden”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "greignier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French greignier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "graignier",
        "t": "to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over"
      },
      "expansion": "graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "graigne",
        "t": "sadness, resentment, grief"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "graim",
        "t": "sorrowful"
      },
      "expansion": "graim (“sorrowful”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "gram",
        "t": "furious, gloomy, grieved"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "chat",
        "t": "cat"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French chat (“cat”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Katzenjammer",
        "lit": "cat-wailing, cat-misery",
        "t": "distress, frustration, depression, chagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "katzbalgen",
        "t": "to cat-fight"
      },
      "expansion": "katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "French chagrin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "peau de chagrain",
        "3": "(peau de) chagrain",
        "t": "a type of roughened leather"
      },
      "expansion": "(peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "peau de sagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French peau de sagrin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "sağrı",
        "t": "the rump of an animal, skin for tawing"
      },
      "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French chagrin (“sorrow”), from Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”) (compare Middle French chagriner, chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”), Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)), probably derived from Old Northern French chagreiner, chagraigner (“to sadden”), of uncertain origin. Likely an enlargement of Old French greignier, graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”), from Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”), from graim (“sorrowful”), related to Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”). The initial syllable is obscure. It may represent Old French chat (“cat”) to express the idea of \"lamenting or yowling like cats\" (compare German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”), katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)).\nAn alternative theory is that it came from a metaphorical use of French chagrin, (peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”), with the connection of roughness, though some dictionaries consider this to be a separate word derived from Old French peau de sagrin, from Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”). The alteration of initial s to ch is likely due to influence from chagrin meaning \"sorrow\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chagrins",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrining",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrinning",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrined",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrined",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrinned",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrinned",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "past2": "chagrinned",
        "pres_ptc2": "chagrinning"
      },
      "expansion": "chagrin (third-person singular simple present chagrins, present participle chagrining or chagrinning, simple past and past participle chagrined or chagrinned)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1683, Richard Tonson, Jacob Tonson, translated by Daniel Defoe, An Account of Monsieur De Quesne’s Late Expedition at Chio, London, page 50",
          "text": "But since this Infidel Minister knows the folly of these Brags; which he sees destroy’d by the Relations Printed in other Countries: They serve only, for a Subject to augment his Pride; and gives him a Pleasure, the mor to Chagrine and Mortifie the French Ambassador.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1748, Laetitia Pilkington, Memoirs, volume 3, Dublin, page 75",
          "text": "[…] though you send at any Time, and even received an unmannerly Answer, do not let a rash Pride drive you to return the Affront, since it is impossible for you to know what at that Instant had chagrin’d their Temper.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1764, William Shenstone, “The Progress of Taste,” Part I, in The Works in Verse and Prose of William Shenstone, London: R. & J. Dodsley, Volume I, p. 265, But friends and fav’rites, to chagrin them, Find counties, countries, seas, between them",
          "text": "Meet once a year, then part, and then\nRetiring, wish to meet again."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1855, Elizabeth Gaskell, chapter 40, in North and South",
          "text": "He felt pretty sure that, if this interview took place, his mother's account of what passed at it would only annoy and chagrin him, though he would all the time be aware of the colouring which it received by passing through her mind.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1970, Toni Morrison, “Autumn”, in The Bluest Eye, New York: Pocket Books, published 1972, page 23",
          "text": "She would go on like that for hours, connecting one offense to another until all of the things that chagrined her were spewed out.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To bother or vex; to mortify."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bother",
          "bother"
        ],
        [
          "vex",
          "vex"
        ],
        [
          "mortify",
          "mortify"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To bother or vex; to mortify."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English reflexive verbs",
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1760, Arthur Murphy, The Way to Keep Him, London: P. Vaillant, act I, scene 1, page 8",
          "text": "Dear Ma’am, why will you chagrine yourself about a vile Man, that is not worth,—no, as I live and breathe,—not worth a single Sigh?",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be vexed or annoyed."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive, obsolete, rare) To be vexed or annoyed."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "rare",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʃæɡ.ɹɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃəˈɡɹɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(UK) -æɡɹɪn"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(US) -ɪn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-chagrin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-chagrin.ogg/En-us-chagrin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-chagrin.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-chagrin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-au-chagrin.ogg/En-au-chagrin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-au-chagrin.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "shə-grĭn'"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "chagrine"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "ogorčavam",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "огорчавам"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "dosaždam",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "досаждам"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "zklamat"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "zarmoutit"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "vervelen"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "storen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "olla pahoillaan"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "verdrießen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "verärgern"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "ärgern"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "stören"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "deludere"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "mortificare"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "dósaǵa",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "до́саѓа"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "ogórčuva",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "ого́рчува"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "ógorči",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "о́горчи"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "dosaždátʹ",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "досажда́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ogorčátʹ",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "огорча́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "sàraich"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "bother or vex; to mortify",
      "word": "mortificar"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Trésor de la langue française informatisé"
  ],
  "word": "chagrin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Old Northern French",
    "English terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Old French adjectives",
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French masculine nouns",
    "Old French nouns",
    "Old French terms derived from Frankish",
    "Old French terms derived from Old Northern French",
    "Old French terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Requests for review of French translations",
    "Rhymes:English/æɡɹɪn",
    "Rhymes:English/æɡɹɪn/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪn",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪn/2 syllables",
    "en:Emotions"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "chagrin",
        "t": "sorrow"
      },
      "expansion": "French chagrin (“sorrow”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "chagrin",
        "t": "pain, affliction"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "chagriner"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French chagriner",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "chagrigner",
        "t": "to experience sorrow"
      },
      "expansion": "chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "chagrin",
        "t": "painful, afflicted"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro-nor",
        "3": "chagreiner"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Northern French chagreiner",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "chagraigner",
        "t": "to sadden"
      },
      "expansion": "chagraigner (“to sadden”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "greignier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French greignier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "graignier",
        "t": "to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over"
      },
      "expansion": "graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "graigne",
        "t": "sadness, resentment, grief"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "graim",
        "t": "sorrowful"
      },
      "expansion": "graim (“sorrowful”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "gram",
        "t": "furious, gloomy, grieved"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "chat",
        "t": "cat"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French chat (“cat”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Katzenjammer",
        "lit": "cat-wailing, cat-misery",
        "t": "distress, frustration, depression, chagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "katzbalgen",
        "t": "to cat-fight"
      },
      "expansion": "katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "French chagrin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "peau de chagrain",
        "3": "(peau de) chagrain",
        "t": "a type of roughened leather"
      },
      "expansion": "(peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "peau de sagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French peau de sagrin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "sağrı",
        "t": "the rump of an animal, skin for tawing"
      },
      "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French chagrin (“sorrow”), from Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”) (compare Middle French chagriner, chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”), Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)), probably derived from Old Northern French chagreiner, chagraigner (“to sadden”), of uncertain origin. Likely an enlargement of Old French greignier, graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”), from Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”), from graim (“sorrowful”), related to Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”). The initial syllable is obscure. It may represent Old French chat (“cat”) to express the idea of \"lamenting or yowling like cats\" (compare German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”), katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)).\nAn alternative theory is that it came from a metaphorical use of French chagrin, (peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”), with the connection of roughness, though some dictionaries consider this to be a separate word derived from Old French peau de sagrin, from Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”). The alteration of initial s to ch is likely due to influence from chagrin meaning \"sorrow\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more chagrin",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most chagrin",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chagrin (comparative more chagrin, superlative most chagrin)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1673, John Dryden, Marriage a-la-mode, London: Henry Herringman, act III, scene 1, page 33",
          "text": "Dear, my dear, pity me; I am so chagrin to day, and have had the most signal affront at Court!",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1718, Daniel Defoe, The Family Instructor, London: Emanuel Matthews, Volume 2, Dialogue 5, p. 390",
          "text": "[…] instead of rejoycing at this Prosperity of his Family, which a true Father of his Children would have esteem’d his own, a Spirit of Envy and Discontent seized him, and he went away chagrine and melancholy.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "1728, Henry Fielding, Love in Several Masques, Act V, Scene 3, in The Works of Henry Fielding, Esq, London: W. Strahan et al., 1784, Volume I, p. 174,\nI wou’d not have your ladyship chagrin at my bride’s expression […]"
        },
        {
          "text": "1758, “Captain T—of BATTEREAU’s Regiment in the Isle of SKIE to Captain P— at Fort AUGUSTUS” in Robert Dodsley (ed.), A Collection of Poems in Six Volumes, London: R. & J. Dodsley, p. 243,\nAll pensive, heartless, and chagrine\nI sit, devoted prey to spleen;"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Feeling chagrin; annoyed; vexed, fretful."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "annoyed",
          "annoyed"
        ],
        [
          "vexed",
          "vexed"
        ],
        [
          "fretful",
          "fretful"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) Feeling chagrin; annoyed; vexed, fretful."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʃæɡ.ɹɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃəˈɡɹɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(UK) -æɡɹɪn"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(US) -ɪn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-chagrin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-chagrin.ogg/En-us-chagrin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-chagrin.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-chagrin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-au-chagrin.ogg/En-au-chagrin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-au-chagrin.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "shə-grĭn'"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "chagrined"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "chagrine"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "annoyed",
      "word": "verärgert"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Trésor de la langue française informatisé"
  ],
  "word": "chagrin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French adjectives",
    "French countable nouns",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French masculine nouns",
    "French nouns",
    "French terms derived from Frankish",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with audio links",
    "Old French adjectives",
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French masculine nouns",
    "Old French nouns",
    "Old French terms derived from Frankish",
    "Old French terms derived from Old Northern French",
    "Old French terms derived from Proto-West Germanic"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "chagrin d’amour"
    },
    {
      "word": "noyer son chagrin"
    },
    {
      "word": "peau de chagrin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chagriner"
      },
      "expansion": "chagriner",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*gram"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *gram",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Gram"
      },
      "expansion": "Gram",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From chagriner, perhaps from Frankish *gram, akin to German Gram",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chagrins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "chagrin m (plural chagrins)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sorrow, grief, chagrin"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "grief",
          "grief"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃa.ɡʁɛ̃/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-chagrin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Fr-chagrin.ogg/Fr-chagrin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Fr-chagrin.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chagrin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French adjectives",
    "French countable nouns",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French masculine nouns",
    "French nouns",
    "French terms derived from Frankish",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with audio links",
    "Old French adjectives",
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French masculine nouns",
    "Old French nouns",
    "Old French terms derived from Frankish",
    "Old French terms derived from Old Northern French",
    "Old French terms derived from Proto-West Germanic"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "esprit chagrin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chagriner"
      },
      "expansion": "chagriner",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*gram"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *gram",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Gram"
      },
      "expansion": "Gram",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From chagriner, perhaps from Frankish *gram, akin to German Gram",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chagrine",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrins",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrines",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chagrin (feminine chagrine, masculine plural chagrins, feminine plural chagrines)",
      "name": "fr-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "chagrinant"
    },
    {
      "word": "chagriner"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French literary terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "despondent, woeful"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "despondent",
          "despondent"
        ],
        [
          "woeful",
          "woeful"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) despondent, woeful"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French literary terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "disgruntled, morose"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "disgruntled",
          "disgruntled"
        ],
        [
          "morose",
          "morose"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) disgruntled, morose"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃa.ɡʁɛ̃/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-chagrin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Fr-chagrin.ogg/Fr-chagrin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Fr-chagrin.ogg",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chagrin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old French adjectives",
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French masculine nouns",
    "Old French nouns",
    "Old French terms derived from Frankish",
    "Old French terms derived from Old Northern French",
    "Old French terms derived from Proto-West Germanic"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lou",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "chagrin",
        "4": "",
        "5": "sorrow"
      },
      "expansion": "French chagrin (“sorrow”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ht",
        "2": "chagrin"
      },
      "expansion": "Haitian Creole chagrin",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French chagrin (“sorrow”), compare Haitian Creole chagrin.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lou",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "chagrin",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Louisiana Creole",
  "lang_code": "lou",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Louisiana Creole entries with incorrect language header",
        "Louisiana Creole lemmas",
        "Louisiana Creole terms derived from French",
        "Louisiana Creole terms inherited from French",
        "Louisiana Creole verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be sorry"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sorry",
          "sorry"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chagrin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old French adjectives",
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French masculine nouns",
    "Old French nouns",
    "Old French terms derived from Frankish",
    "Old French terms derived from Old Northern French",
    "Old French terms derived from Proto-West Germanic"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "fro-nor",
        "3": "chagreiner",
        "4": "chagraigner"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Northern French chagraigner",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*gram"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *gram",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*gram(ī)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gram(ī)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Northern French chagraigner, eventually from Frankish *gram, from Proto-West Germanic *gram(ī).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chagrine",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "10": "",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
        "4": "chagrine",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "g": "m",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "chagrin m (oblique and nominative feminine singular chagrine)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chagrin m (oblique and nominative feminine singular chagrine)",
      "name": "fro-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "painful, afflicted"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "painful",
          "painful"
        ],
        [
          "afflicted",
          "afflicted"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chagrin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old French adjectives",
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French masculine nouns",
    "Old French nouns",
    "Old French terms derived from Frankish",
    "Old French terms derived from Old Northern French",
    "Old French terms derived from Proto-West Germanic"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "chagrin"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: chagrin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: chagrin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "chagrin"
          },
          "expansion": "French: chagrin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: chagrin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "chagrin",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: chagrin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: chagrin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "fro-nor",
        "3": "chagreiner",
        "4": "chagraigner"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Northern French chagraigner",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*gram"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *gram",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*gram(ī)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gram(ī)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Northern French chagraigner, eventually from Frankish *gram, from Proto-West Germanic *gram(ī).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chagrin oblique singular or",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrins",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrins",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chagrin",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "chagrin oblique singular, m (oblique plural chagrins, nominative singular chagrins, nominative plural chagrin)",
      "name": "fro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pain, affliction"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ],
        [
          "affliction",
          "affliction"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chagrin"
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
  "msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'chagrin oblique singular or', originally 'chagrin oblique singular or m'",
  "path": [
    "chagrin"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "chagrin",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
  "msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'chagrin oblique singular or', originally 'chagrin oblique singular or m'",
  "path": [
    "chagrin"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "chagrin",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'chagrin oblique singular or' in 'chagrin oblique singular, m (oblique plural chagrins, nominative singular chagrins, nominative plural chagrin)'",
  "path": [
    "chagrin"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "chagrin",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.