See bureaucracy on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bureaucracy meaning in All languages combined (25.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bureaucrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bureaucratese"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bureaucratic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bureaucratically"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bureau",
"3": "cracy"
},
"expansion": "bureau + -cracy",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "bureaucratie"
},
"expansion": "French bureaucratie",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bureau",
"3": "",
"4": "office"
},
"expansion": "bureau (“office”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-cratie",
"3": "",
"4": "rule of"
},
"expansion": "-cratie (“rule of”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "bureau + -cracy, from French bureaucratie, coined by Jean Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay from bureau (“office”) + -cratie (“rule of”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bureaucracies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "bureaucracy (countable and uncountable, plural bureaucracies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "adhocracy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 42 13 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -cracy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 19 21 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "en:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 December 29, Philip Haigh, “Rail's role in unifying Great Britain and Northern Ireland”, in RAIL, number 947, page 25",
"text": "However, when Britain left the European Union, ferries started to ply a direct sea link from Ireland, to save hauliers from custom's bureaucracy of driving via Britain.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Government by bureaus or their administrators or officers."
],
"id": "en-bureaucracy-en-noun-egJskPHZ",
"links": [
[
"Government",
"government"
],
[
"bureau",
"bureau"
],
[
"administrator",
"administrator"
],
[
"officer",
"officer"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocràcia"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"word": "官僚體制"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guānliáo tǐzhì",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"word": "官僚体制"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bureaucratie"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"word": "burokratismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"word": "byrokratia"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bureaucratie"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Beamtentum"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bürokratie"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "töreşıldık",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"word": "төрешілдік"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biurokracja"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocracia"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "birocrație"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bjurokrátija",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бюрокра́тия"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "à-màat-dtà-yaa-tí-bpà-dtai",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"word": "อมาตยาธิปไตย"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bjurokratija",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бюрократія"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 26 9 11",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biwrocratiaeth"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Business",
"orig": "en:Business",
"parents": [
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 42 15 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 42 13 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -cracy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 44 13 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 44 15 27",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Organizations",
"orig": "en:Organizations",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "At that time the administration replaced the system of patronage in the civil service with a bureaucracy.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A system of administration based upon organisation into bureaus, division of labour, a hierarchy of authority, etc., designed to dispose of a large body of work in a routine manner."
],
"id": "en-bureaucracy-en-noun-nnky1am1",
"links": [
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"administration",
"administration"
],
[
"based upon",
"base upon"
],
[
"organisation",
"organisation"
],
[
"bureau",
"bureau"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"hierarchy",
"hierarchy"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"design",
"design"
],
[
"dispose of",
"dispose of"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"routine",
"routine"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
]
],
"qualifier": "organizational theory",
"raw_glosses": [
"(business, organizational theory) A system of administration based upon organisation into bureaus, division of labour, a hierarchy of authority, etc., designed to dispose of a large body of work in a routine manner."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"business"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burokraci"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bīruqrāṭiyya",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بِيرُقْرَاطِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "byurokratia",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "բյուրոկրատիա"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bürokratiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bjurakrátyja",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бюракра́тыя"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "amlatontro",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "আমলাতন্ত্র"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bjurokrácija",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бюрокра́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "byuruika.reci",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "ဗျူရိုကရေစီ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocràcia"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guānliáo",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "官僚"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guānliáozhì",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "官僚制"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "byrokracie"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bureaukrati"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bureaucratie"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bürokraatia"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skrivstovuveldi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "embætismannavald"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "byrokratia"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "hallintokoneisto"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bureaucratie"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocracia"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "biuroḳraṭia",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "ბიუროკრატია"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Verwaltungsapparat"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bürokratie"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "grafeiokratía",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "γραφειοκρατία"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "birokrátya",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "בִּירוֹקרַטִיָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "adhikārīvarg",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अधिकारीवर्ग"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "naukarśāhī",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "नौकरशाही"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "daftarśāhī",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "दफ़्तरशाही"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "afsarśāhī",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "अफ़सरशाही"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bürokrácia"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skrifræði"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skrifstofuveldi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "regluveldi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "birokrasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "maorlathas"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocrazia"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"alt": "かんりょうせい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kanryōsei",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "官僚制"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "bürokratiä",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "бюрократия"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "töreşıldık",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "төрешілдік"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaareyaathipaʼtay",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "ការិយាធិបតេយ្យ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"alt": "官僚制",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gwallyoje",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "관료제"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bîrokrasî"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "burokrasî"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bîrokratî"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "byurokratiya",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "бюрократия"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "pha nyāt ʼāt sa nyā sit",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "ພະຍາດອາດຊະຍາສິດ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "birokrātija"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biurokratija"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "birokrátija",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бирокра́тија"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "birokrasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xünd surtal",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хүнд суртал"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "byråkrati"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "byurokrāsi",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بيوروکراسي"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "divân-sâlâri",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "دیوانسالاری"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "burokrâsi",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "بوروکراسی"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biurokracja"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"literary",
"masculine"
],
"word": "biuralizm"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocracia"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "afasraśāhī",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ਅਫ਼ਸਰਸ਼ਾਹੀ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "birocrație"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bjurokrátija",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бюрокра́тия"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bureaucracie"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "бирократија"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "birokratija"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "byrokracia"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "birokracija"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocracia"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "byråkrati"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "byurokratiya",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "бюрократия"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "adhikāra vargaṁ",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "అధికార వర్గం"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "am-mâat-dtà-yaa-típ-bpà-dtai",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "อำมาตยาธิปไตย"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "rá-bòp-kâa-râat-chá-gaan-bprà-jam",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "ระบบข้าราชการประจำ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bürokrasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "býurokratiýa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bjurokrátija",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бюрокра́тія"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "daftar śāhī",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دَفْتَر شاہی"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "naukar śāhī",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "نَوکَر شاہی"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "afsar śāhī",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "اَفْسَر شاہی"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "byurokratliq",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "بيۇروكراتلىق"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "byurokratiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bọn quan liêu"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bộ máy quan liêu"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biwrocratiaeth"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 3 31",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "byurokratye",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ביוראָקראַטיע"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 42 13 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -cracy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The bureaucracy is expanding to meet the needs of the expanding bureaucracy. (apocryphal quip)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The body of officers and administrators, especially of a government."
],
"id": "en-bureaucracy-en-noun-rMvs~8Fx",
"links": [
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"officer",
"officer"
],
[
"administrator",
"administrator"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "15 19 54 13",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocràcia"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 19 54 13",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "body of officers",
"word": "官僚體制"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 19 54 13",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guānliáo tǐzhì",
"sense": "body of officers",
"word": "官僚体制"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 19 54 13",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ambtenarenapparaat"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 19 54 13",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bureaucratie"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 19 54 13",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "apparaat"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 19 54 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "body of officers",
"word": "byrokratia"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 19 54 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "body of officers",
"word": "hallitus"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 19 54 13",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Beamtenapparat"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 19 54 13",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biurokracja"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 19 54 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocracia"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 19 54 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oficialismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 19 54 13",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocracia"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 42 13 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -cracy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The head of the civil service promised to clamp down on bureaucracy.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2020 May 20, Andrew Haines talks to Stefanie Foster, “Repurpose rail for the 2020s”, in Rail, page 35",
"text": "\"If we can capture anything from this awful situation, it is that ability to trust people to do certain things for themselves and to look out for each other, and to give them the tools to do their job as well as they can without having to go through endless bureaucracy to achieve it, which very often just delays and dilutes and doesn't add much value.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Excessive red tape and routine in any administration, body or behaviour."
],
"id": "en-bureaucracy-en-noun-GXGarkDw",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"Excessive",
"excessive"
],
[
"red tape",
"red tape"
],
[
"routine",
"routine"
],
[
"administration",
"administration"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly derogatory) Excessive red tape and routine in any administration, body or behaviour."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "3 19 4 74",
"sense": "rule through excessive regulation",
"word": "papyrocracy"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"derogatory",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 89",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocràcia"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 89",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"word": "繁文縟節"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 89",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fánwénrùjié",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"word": "繁文缛节"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 89",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"word": "形式主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 89",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xíngshìzhǔyì",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"word": "形式主义"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 89",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bureaucratie"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 89",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"word": "byrokratia"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 89",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"word": "hallintokoneisto"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 89",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bürokratisierung"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 89",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bürokratismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 89",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"word": "taero"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 89",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"word": "aparau"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 89",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biurokracja"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 89",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocracia"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 89",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocracia"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bjʊəˈɹɒkɹəsi/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bjʊˈɹɑːkɹəsi/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒkɹəsi"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bureaucracy.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bureaucracy.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bureaucracy.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bureaucracy.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bureaucracy.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bureaucratie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "bureau-ocracy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "burocracy"
}
],
"word": "bureaucracy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms suffixed with -cracy",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"Requests for review of Czech translations",
"Requests for review of Danish translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Estonian translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Hungarian translations",
"Requests for review of Icelandic translations",
"Requests for review of Irish translations",
"Requests for review of Japanese translations",
"Requests for review of Macedonian translations",
"Requests for review of Malay translations",
"Requests for review of Mandarin translations",
"Requests for review of Norwegian translations",
"Requests for review of Russian translations",
"Requests for review of Scots translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɒkɹəsi",
"Rhymes:English/ɒkɹəsi/4 syllables",
"en:Government",
"en:Organizations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bureaucrat"
},
{
"word": "bureaucratese"
},
{
"word": "bureaucratic"
},
{
"word": "bureaucratically"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bureau",
"3": "cracy"
},
"expansion": "bureau + -cracy",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "bureaucratie"
},
"expansion": "French bureaucratie",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bureau",
"3": "",
"4": "office"
},
"expansion": "bureau (“office”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-cratie",
"3": "",
"4": "rule of"
},
"expansion": "-cratie (“rule of”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "bureau + -cracy, from French bureaucratie, coined by Jean Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay from bureau (“office”) + -cratie (“rule of”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bureaucracies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "bureaucracy (countable and uncountable, plural bureaucracies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "adhocracy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 December 29, Philip Haigh, “Rail's role in unifying Great Britain and Northern Ireland”, in RAIL, number 947, page 25",
"text": "However, when Britain left the European Union, ferries started to ply a direct sea link from Ireland, to save hauliers from custom's bureaucracy of driving via Britain.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Government by bureaus or their administrators or officers."
],
"links": [
[
"Government",
"government"
],
[
"bureau",
"bureau"
],
[
"administrator",
"administrator"
],
[
"officer",
"officer"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Business"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "At that time the administration replaced the system of patronage in the civil service with a bureaucracy.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A system of administration based upon organisation into bureaus, division of labour, a hierarchy of authority, etc., designed to dispose of a large body of work in a routine manner."
],
"links": [
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"administration",
"administration"
],
[
"based upon",
"base upon"
],
[
"organisation",
"organisation"
],
[
"bureau",
"bureau"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"hierarchy",
"hierarchy"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"design",
"design"
],
[
"dispose of",
"dispose of"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"routine",
"routine"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
]
],
"qualifier": "organizational theory",
"raw_glosses": [
"(business, organizational theory) A system of administration based upon organisation into bureaus, division of labour, a hierarchy of authority, etc., designed to dispose of a large body of work in a routine manner."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"business"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The bureaucracy is expanding to meet the needs of the expanding bureaucracy. (apocryphal quip)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The body of officers and administrators, especially of a government."
],
"links": [
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"officer",
"officer"
],
[
"administrator",
"administrator"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The head of the civil service promised to clamp down on bureaucracy.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2020 May 20, Andrew Haines talks to Stefanie Foster, “Repurpose rail for the 2020s”, in Rail, page 35",
"text": "\"If we can capture anything from this awful situation, it is that ability to trust people to do certain things for themselves and to look out for each other, and to give them the tools to do their job as well as they can without having to go through endless bureaucracy to achieve it, which very often just delays and dilutes and doesn't add much value.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Excessive red tape and routine in any administration, body or behaviour."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"Excessive",
"excessive"
],
[
"red tape",
"red tape"
],
[
"routine",
"routine"
],
[
"administration",
"administration"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly derogatory) Excessive red tape and routine in any administration, body or behaviour."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"derogatory",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bjʊəˈɹɒkɹəsi/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bjʊˈɹɑːkɹəsi/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒkɹəsi"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bureaucracy.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bureaucracy.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bureaucracy.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bureaucracy.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bureaucracy.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "rule through excessive regulation",
"word": "papyrocracy"
},
{
"word": "bureaucratie"
},
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "bureau-ocracy"
},
{
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "burocracy"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocràcia"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"word": "官僚體制"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guānliáo tǐzhì",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"word": "官僚体制"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bureaucratie"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"word": "burokratismo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"word": "byrokratia"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bureaucratie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Beamtentum"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bürokratie"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "töreşıldık",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"word": "төрешілдік"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biurokracja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocracia"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "birocrație"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bjurokrátija",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бюрокра́тия"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "à-màat-dtà-yaa-tí-bpà-dtai",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"word": "อมาตยาธิปไตย"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bjurokratija",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бюрократія"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "government by bureaus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biwrocratiaeth"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burokraci"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bīruqrāṭiyya",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بِيرُقْرَاطِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "byurokratia",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "բյուրոկրատիա"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bürokratiya"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bjurakrátyja",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бюракра́тыя"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "amlatontro",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "আমলাতন্ত্র"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bjurokrácija",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бюрокра́ция"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "byuruika.reci",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "ဗျူရိုကရေစီ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocràcia"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guānliáo",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "官僚"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guānliáozhì",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "官僚制"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "byrokracie"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bureaukrati"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bureaucratie"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bürokraatia"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skrivstovuveldi"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "embætismannavald"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "byrokratia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "hallintokoneisto"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bureaucratie"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocracia"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "biuroḳraṭia",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "ბიუროკრატია"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Verwaltungsapparat"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bürokratie"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "grafeiokratía",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "γραφειοκρατία"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "birokrátya",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "בִּירוֹקרַטִיָה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "adhikārīvarg",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अधिकारीवर्ग"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "naukarśāhī",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "नौकरशाही"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "daftarśāhī",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "दफ़्तरशाही"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "afsarśāhī",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "अफ़सरशाही"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bürokrácia"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skrifræði"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skrifstofuveldi"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "regluveldi"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "birokrasi"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "maorlathas"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocrazia"
},
{
"alt": "かんりょうせい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kanryōsei",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "官僚制"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "bürokratiä",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "бюрократия"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "töreşıldık",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "төрешілдік"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaareyaathipaʼtay",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "ការិយាធិបតេយ្យ"
},
{
"alt": "官僚制",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gwallyoje",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "관료제"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bîrokrasî"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "burokrasî"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bîrokratî"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "byurokratiya",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "бюрократия"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "pha nyāt ʼāt sa nyā sit",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "ພະຍາດອາດຊະຍາສິດ"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "birokrātija"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biurokratija"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "birokrátija",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бирокра́тија"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "birokrasi"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xünd surtal",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хүнд суртал"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "byråkrati"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "byurokrāsi",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بيوروکراسي"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "divân-sâlâri",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "دیوانسالاری"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "burokrâsi",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "بوروکراسی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biurokracja"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"literary",
"masculine"
],
"word": "biuralizm"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocracia"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "afasraśāhī",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ਅਫ਼ਸਰਸ਼ਾਹੀ"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "birocrație"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bjurokrátija",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бюрокра́тия"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bureaucracie"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "бирократија"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "birokratija"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "byrokracia"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "birokracija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocracia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "byråkrati"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "byurokratiya",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "бюрократия"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "adhikāra vargaṁ",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "అధికార వర్గం"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "am-mâat-dtà-yaa-típ-bpà-dtai",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "อำมาตยาธิปไตย"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "rá-bòp-kâa-râat-chá-gaan-bprà-jam",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "ระบบข้าราชการประจำ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bürokrasi"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "býurokratiýa"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bjurokrátija",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бюрокра́тія"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "daftar śāhī",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دَفْتَر شاہی"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "naukar śāhī",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "نَوکَر شاہی"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "afsar śāhī",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "اَفْسَر شاہی"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "byurokratliq",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "بيۇروكراتلىق"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "byurokratiya"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bọn quan liêu"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "system of administration",
"word": "bộ máy quan liêu"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biwrocratiaeth"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "byurokratye",
"sense": "system of administration",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ביוראָקראַטיע"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocràcia"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "body of officers",
"word": "官僚體制"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guānliáo tǐzhì",
"sense": "body of officers",
"word": "官僚体制"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ambtenarenapparaat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bureaucratie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "apparaat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "body of officers",
"word": "byrokratia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "body of officers",
"word": "hallitus"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Beamtenapparat"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biurokracja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocracia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oficialismo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "body of officers",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocracia"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocràcia"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"word": "繁文縟節"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fánwénrùjié",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"word": "繁文缛节"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"word": "形式主義"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xíngshìzhǔyì",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"word": "形式主义"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bureaucratie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"word": "byrokratia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"word": "hallintokoneisto"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bürokratisierung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bürokratismus"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"word": "taero"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"word": "aparau"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biurokracja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocracia"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "excessive red tape",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burocracia"
}
],
"word": "bureaucracy"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.