See bristle on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bristle meaning in All languages combined (24.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "basal bristle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bristlecone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bristle moss"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bristle snail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bristlet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bristle-tail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bristle worm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "yellow bristle grass"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bristil"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bristil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bristel"
},
"expansion": "bristel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brustel"
},
"expansion": "brustel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bristl"
},
"expansion": "Old English bristl",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*brystl"
},
"expansion": "*brystl",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*byrstel"
},
"expansion": "*byrstel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*burstilu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *burstilu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bursti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bursti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burstiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burstiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "borstel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch borstel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Borste",
"t": "boar's bristle"
},
"expansion": "German Borste (“boar's bristle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "burst"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic burst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰr̥stís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥stís",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "brostaid",
"t": "to goad, spur"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish brostaid (“to goad, spur”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fastīgium",
"t": "top"
},
"expansion": "Latin fastīgium (“top”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "barszcz",
"t": "hogweed"
},
"expansion": "Polish barszcz (“hogweed”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brust",
"3": "le",
"id2": "diminutive noun"
},
"expansion": "brust + -le",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bristil, bristel, brustel, from Old English bristl, *brystl, *byrstel, from Proto-West Germanic *burstilu, diminutive of Proto-West Germanic *bursti, from Proto-Germanic *burstiz (compare Dutch borstel, German Borste (“boar's bristle”), Icelandic burst), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥stís (compare Middle Irish brostaid (“to goad, spur”), Latin fastīgium (“top”), Polish barszcz (“hogweed”)), equivalent to brust + -le.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bristles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bristle (plural bristles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 15 30 9 4 29 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 28 4 3 25 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "en:Hair",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the bristles of a pig"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stiff or coarse hair, usually and especially on a nonhuman mammal."
],
"id": "en-bristle-en-noun-sacLvZlO",
"links": [
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"nonhuman",
"nonhuman#English"
],
[
"mammal",
"mammal#English"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "četina",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "четина"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cerra"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "štětina"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "børste"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "stoppelhaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bust"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "harjas"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "soie"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "seda"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "serda"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Borste"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mêrinx",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μῆριγξ"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "heu"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "sörte"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "pelo ispido"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "barba corta ispida"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "saeta"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "četina",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "четина"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "perehina"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "tarakina"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pel"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "qıl",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "قیل"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "szczecina"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sierść"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cerda"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ščetína",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "щети́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "čekinja"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "kostret"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "kostrijet"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "četina"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "osje"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cerda"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "borst"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "svinborst"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "tutsang"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "sert kıl"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščetýna",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "щети́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "vot",
"lang": "Votic",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "śtšetina"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 1 6",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gwrych"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 15 30 9 4 29 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 26 11 10 27 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -le (diminutive noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 28 4 3 25 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "en:Hair",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A chaeta: an analogous filament on arthropods, annelids, or other animals."
],
"id": "en-bristle-en-noun-gc9bffi6",
"links": [
[
"chaeta",
"chaeta#English"
],
[
"filament",
"filament#English"
],
[
"arthropods",
"arthropod#English"
],
[
"annelids",
"annelid#English"
],
[
"animals",
"animal#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 15 30 9 4 29 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 26 11 10 27 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -le (diminutive noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 28 4 3 25 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "en:Hair",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The hairs or other filaments that make up a brush, broom, or similar item, typically made from plant cellulose, animal hairs, or synthetic polymers."
],
"id": "en-bristle-en-noun-5hRauksi",
"links": [
[
"brush",
"brush"
],
[
"broom",
"broom"
],
[
"cellulose",
"cellulose#English"
],
[
"polymers",
"polymer#English"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "børste"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "børstehår"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"word": "borstelhaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"word": "harjas"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"word": "poil"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Borste"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"word": "sörte"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"word": "szőr"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"word": "szál"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "setola"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "setole"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pel"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "włosie"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cerda"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ščetína",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "щети́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vors",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ворс"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cerda"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "borst"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 1 82",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"word": "kıl"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɹɪsəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɹʌsəl/",
"note": "dated, rural folk speech of New England and Upstate New York"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɹɪstəl/",
"note": "dated, Southern US rural folk speech"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪsəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bristle.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bristle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bristle.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bristle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bristle.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-bristle.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-bristle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-bristle.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-bristle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-bristle.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "bristle"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bristling"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bristil"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bristil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bristel"
},
"expansion": "bristel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brustel"
},
"expansion": "brustel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bristl"
},
"expansion": "Old English bristl",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*brystl"
},
"expansion": "*brystl",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*byrstel"
},
"expansion": "*byrstel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*burstilu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *burstilu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bursti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bursti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burstiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burstiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "borstel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch borstel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Borste",
"t": "boar's bristle"
},
"expansion": "German Borste (“boar's bristle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "burst"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic burst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰr̥stís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥stís",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "brostaid",
"t": "to goad, spur"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish brostaid (“to goad, spur”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fastīgium",
"t": "top"
},
"expansion": "Latin fastīgium (“top”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "barszcz",
"t": "hogweed"
},
"expansion": "Polish barszcz (“hogweed”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brust",
"3": "le",
"id2": "diminutive noun"
},
"expansion": "brust + -le",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bristil, bristel, brustel, from Old English bristl, *brystl, *byrstel, from Proto-West Germanic *burstilu, diminutive of Proto-West Germanic *bursti, from Proto-Germanic *burstiz (compare Dutch borstel, German Borste (“boar's bristle”), Icelandic burst), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥stís (compare Middle Irish brostaid (“to goad, spur”), Latin fastīgium (“top”), Polish barszcz (“hogweed”)), equivalent to brust + -le.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bristles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bristling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bristled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bristled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bristle (third-person singular simple present bristles, present participle bristling, simple past and past participle bristled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 11 26 11 10 27 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -le (diminutive noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Disintegration Machine",
"text": "He sat down with his elbows upon the desk, his gorilla hands clasped together, his beard bristling forward, and his big grey eyes, half-covered by his drooping lids, fixed benignly upon me.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To rise or stand erect, like bristles."
],
"id": "en-bristle-en-verb-Ta1V~X50",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nastrǎhvam",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"word": "настръхвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"word": "hirtiĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"word": "se hérisser"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"word": "erizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"word": "encrechar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"word": "recachar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "najeżyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"word": "eriçar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ščetínitʹsja",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "щети́ниться"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oščetínivatʹsja",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ощети́ниваться"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oščetínitʹsja",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ощети́ниться"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "topórščitʹsja",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "топо́рщиться"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"word": "erizar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 August 1, David Hytner, “Aubameyang at the double as Arsenal turn tables on Chelsea to win FA Cup”, in The Guardian",
"text": "Kieran Tierney did not want to risk a challenge on Pulisic, who darted on to the ball with far greater purpose, and the dink over Emi Martínez bristled with composure.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To abound, to have an abundance of something, especially something jutting out."
],
"id": "en-bristle-en-verb-eTfrmxSU",
"links": [
[
"abound",
"abound"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 19 26 6 3 40 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 15 30 9 4 29 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 26 11 10 27 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -le (diminutive noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 28 4 3 25 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "en:Hair",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The employees bristled at the prospect of working through the holidays.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70",
"text": "Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 May 5, Barry Doe, “The Independent has a better grasp than GWR's spokesman”, in RAIL, number 930, page 58",
"text": "If only the industry could be honest and explain why it has been forced, owing to government policies, to increase fares over the quarter century since privatisation. Instead, it is defensive and clearly bristles with annoyance when someone merely states the facts.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be on one's guard or raise one's defenses; to react with fear, suspicion, or distance."
],
"id": "en-bristle-en-verb-FyrRK-3C",
"links": [
[
"at",
"at#English"
],
[
"guard",
"guard"
],
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"defenses",
"defenses"
],
[
"react",
"react"
],
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"suspicion",
"suspicion"
],
[
"distance",
"distance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with at) To be on one's guard or raise one's defenses; to react with fear, suspicion, or distance."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with at"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"word": "recht overeind staan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"word": "stekelig reageren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zjeżyć się"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"word": "ponerse a la defensiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"word": "resa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"word": "stå på ända"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"word": "resa ragg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"word": "lystra"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"word": "skjuta rygg"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "to bristle a thread"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fix a bristle to."
],
"id": "en-bristle-en-verb-IzeAzATb"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɹɪsəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɹʌsəl/",
"note": "dated, rural folk speech of New England and Upstate New York"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɹɪstəl/",
"note": "dated, Southern US rural folk speech"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪsəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bristle.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bristle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bristle.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bristle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bristle.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-bristle.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-bristle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-bristle.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-bristle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-bristle.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "bristle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -le (diminutive noun)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɪsəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɪsəl/2 syllables",
"en:Hair"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "basal bristle"
},
{
"word": "bristlecone"
},
{
"word": "bristle moss"
},
{
"word": "bristle snail"
},
{
"word": "bristlet"
},
{
"word": "bristle-tail"
},
{
"word": "bristle worm"
},
{
"word": "yellow bristle grass"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bristil"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bristil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bristel"
},
"expansion": "bristel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brustel"
},
"expansion": "brustel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bristl"
},
"expansion": "Old English bristl",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*brystl"
},
"expansion": "*brystl",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*byrstel"
},
"expansion": "*byrstel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*burstilu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *burstilu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bursti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bursti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burstiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burstiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "borstel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch borstel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Borste",
"t": "boar's bristle"
},
"expansion": "German Borste (“boar's bristle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "burst"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic burst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰr̥stís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥stís",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "brostaid",
"t": "to goad, spur"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish brostaid (“to goad, spur”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fastīgium",
"t": "top"
},
"expansion": "Latin fastīgium (“top”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "barszcz",
"t": "hogweed"
},
"expansion": "Polish barszcz (“hogweed”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brust",
"3": "le",
"id2": "diminutive noun"
},
"expansion": "brust + -le",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bristil, bristel, brustel, from Old English bristl, *brystl, *byrstel, from Proto-West Germanic *burstilu, diminutive of Proto-West Germanic *bursti, from Proto-Germanic *burstiz (compare Dutch borstel, German Borste (“boar's bristle”), Icelandic burst), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥stís (compare Middle Irish brostaid (“to goad, spur”), Latin fastīgium (“top”), Polish barszcz (“hogweed”)), equivalent to brust + -le.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bristles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bristle (plural bristles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "the bristles of a pig"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stiff or coarse hair, usually and especially on a nonhuman mammal."
],
"links": [
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"nonhuman",
"nonhuman#English"
],
[
"mammal",
"mammal#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A chaeta: an analogous filament on arthropods, annelids, or other animals."
],
"links": [
[
"chaeta",
"chaeta#English"
],
[
"filament",
"filament#English"
],
[
"arthropods",
"arthropod#English"
],
[
"annelids",
"annelid#English"
],
[
"animals",
"animal#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The hairs or other filaments that make up a brush, broom, or similar item, typically made from plant cellulose, animal hairs, or synthetic polymers."
],
"links": [
[
"brush",
"brush"
],
[
"broom",
"broom"
],
[
"cellulose",
"cellulose#English"
],
[
"polymers",
"polymer#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɹɪsəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɹʌsəl/",
"note": "dated, rural folk speech of New England and Upstate New York"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɹɪstəl/",
"note": "dated, Southern US rural folk speech"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪsəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bristle.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bristle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bristle.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bristle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bristle.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-bristle.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-bristle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-bristle.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "četina",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "четина"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cerra"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "štětina"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "børste"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "stoppelhaar"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bust"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "harjas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "soie"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "seda"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "serda"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Borste"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mêrinx",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μῆριγξ"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "heu"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "sörte"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "pelo ispido"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "barba corta ispida"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "saeta"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "četina",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "четина"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "perehina"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "tarakina"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pel"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "qıl",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "قیل"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "szczecina"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sierść"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cerda"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ščetína",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "щети́на"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "čekinja"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "kostret"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "kostrijet"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "četina"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "osje"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cerda"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "borst"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "svinborst"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "tutsang"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "sert kıl"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščetýna",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "щети́на"
},
{
"code": "vot",
"lang": "Votic",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"word": "śtšetina"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "stiff or coarse hair",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gwrych"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "børste"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "børstehår"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"word": "borstelhaar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"word": "harjas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"word": "poil"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Borste"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"word": "sörte"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"word": "szőr"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"word": "szál"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "setola"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "setole"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pel"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "włosie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cerda"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ščetína",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "щети́на"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vors",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ворс"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cerda"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "borst"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "hair or straw of a brush, broom etc.",
"word": "kıl"
}
],
"word": "bristle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -le (diminutive noun)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɪsəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɪsəl/2 syllables",
"en:Hair"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bristling"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bristil"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bristil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bristel"
},
"expansion": "bristel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brustel"
},
"expansion": "brustel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bristl"
},
"expansion": "Old English bristl",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*brystl"
},
"expansion": "*brystl",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*byrstel"
},
"expansion": "*byrstel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*burstilu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *burstilu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bursti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bursti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burstiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burstiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "borstel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch borstel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Borste",
"t": "boar's bristle"
},
"expansion": "German Borste (“boar's bristle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "burst"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic burst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰr̥stís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥stís",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "brostaid",
"t": "to goad, spur"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish brostaid (“to goad, spur”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fastīgium",
"t": "top"
},
"expansion": "Latin fastīgium (“top”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "barszcz",
"t": "hogweed"
},
"expansion": "Polish barszcz (“hogweed”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brust",
"3": "le",
"id2": "diminutive noun"
},
"expansion": "brust + -le",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bristil, bristel, brustel, from Old English bristl, *brystl, *byrstel, from Proto-West Germanic *burstilu, diminutive of Proto-West Germanic *bursti, from Proto-Germanic *burstiz (compare Dutch borstel, German Borste (“boar's bristle”), Icelandic burst), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥stís (compare Middle Irish brostaid (“to goad, spur”), Latin fastīgium (“top”), Polish barszcz (“hogweed”)), equivalent to brust + -le.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bristles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bristling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bristled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bristled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bristle (third-person singular simple present bristles, present participle bristling, simple past and past participle bristled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Disintegration Machine",
"text": "He sat down with his elbows upon the desk, his gorilla hands clasped together, his beard bristling forward, and his big grey eyes, half-covered by his drooping lids, fixed benignly upon me.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To rise or stand erect, like bristles."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 August 1, David Hytner, “Aubameyang at the double as Arsenal turn tables on Chelsea to win FA Cup”, in The Guardian",
"text": "Kieran Tierney did not want to risk a challenge on Pulisic, who darted on to the ball with far greater purpose, and the dink over Emi Martínez bristled with composure.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To abound, to have an abundance of something, especially something jutting out."
],
"links": [
[
"abound",
"abound"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The employees bristled at the prospect of working through the holidays.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70",
"text": "Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 May 5, Barry Doe, “The Independent has a better grasp than GWR's spokesman”, in RAIL, number 930, page 58",
"text": "If only the industry could be honest and explain why it has been forced, owing to government policies, to increase fares over the quarter century since privatisation. Instead, it is defensive and clearly bristles with annoyance when someone merely states the facts.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be on one's guard or raise one's defenses; to react with fear, suspicion, or distance."
],
"links": [
[
"at",
"at#English"
],
[
"guard",
"guard"
],
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"defenses",
"defenses"
],
[
"react",
"react"
],
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"suspicion",
"suspicion"
],
[
"distance",
"distance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with at) To be on one's guard or raise one's defenses; to react with fear, suspicion, or distance."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with at"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "to bristle a thread"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fix a bristle to."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɹɪsəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɹʌsəl/",
"note": "dated, rural folk speech of New England and Upstate New York"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɹɪstəl/",
"note": "dated, Southern US rural folk speech"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪsəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bristle.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bristle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bristle.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bristle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bristle.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-bristle.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-bristle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-bristle.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-bristle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-bristle.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nastrǎhvam",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"word": "настръхвам"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"word": "hirtiĝi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"word": "se hérisser"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"word": "erizar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"word": "encrechar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"word": "recachar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "najeżyć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"word": "eriçar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ščetínitʹsja",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "щети́ниться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oščetínivatʹsja",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ощети́ниваться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oščetínitʹsja",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ощети́ниться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "topórščitʹsja",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "топо́рщиться"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to rise or stand erect, like bristle",
"word": "erizar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"word": "recht overeind staan"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"word": "stekelig reageren"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zjeżyć się"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"word": "ponerse a la defensiva"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"word": "resa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"word": "stå på ända"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"word": "resa ragg"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"word": "lystra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be on one's guard",
"word": "skjuta rygg"
}
],
"word": "bristle"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.