See aback on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for aback meaning in All languages combined (18.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "aback of"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "abackward"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abak"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abak",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "onbæc"
},
"expansion": "Old English onbæc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a",
"3": "back",
"gloss1": "towards"
},
"expansion": "a- (“towards”) + back",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "tebek",
"3": "",
"4": "aback",
"lit": "to/at back",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian tebek (“aback”, adverb, literally “to/at back”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tillbaka"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tillbaka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "idem."
},
"expansion": "(idem.)",
"name": "gloss"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abak, from Old English onbæc, equivalent to a- (“towards”) + back. Compare West Frisian tebek (“aback”, adverb, literally “to/at back”), Swedish tillbaka (idem.).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "aback (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "back"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1380s, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Legend of Good Women/The Legend of Thisbe",
"text": "Al blody, and therwith-al a-bak she sterte",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1815, David Laurie, A Treatise on Finance, under which, the General Interests of the British Empire are Illustrated, Glasgow: Chapman, page 322",
"text": "The mild, though licentious reign, of Louis the Sixteenth, threw France far aback, in her ambitious career; but it gave birth to that revolution, wherein, her warlike propensities and territorial resources were unfolded with tenfold efficacy.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1889, William Morris, A Tale of the House of the Wolfings and All the Kindreds of the Mark, London: Reeves & Turner, page 31",
"text": "Then stopped, and bounded aback, and away as if in fear, / That I saw her no more; then I wondered though sitting close anear / Was a she-wolf great and grisly.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Towards the back or rear; backwards."
],
"id": "en-aback-en-adv-aRSPoEBV",
"links": [
[
"rear",
"rear"
],
[
"backwards",
"backwards"
],
[
"The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles",
"w:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary"
],
[
"Oxford University Press",
"w:Oxford University Press"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Towards the back or rear; backwards."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "om",
"lang": "Afan Oromo",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "rifachuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "om",
"lang": "Afan Oromo",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "nahuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "om",
"lang": "Afan Oromo",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "na'uu"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔilā l-ḵalf",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "إِلَى اَلْخَلْف"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "bn",
"english": "pechon dike",
"lang": "Bengali",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "পেছন দিকে"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "obak",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "অবাক"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nazad",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "назад"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadniškom",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "заднишком"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "zpět"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "baglæns"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "achterwaarts"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "rugwaarts"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "malantaŭen"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "tagasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "tagaspidi"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "tagurpidi"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "takaisin"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "taaksepäin"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "en arrière"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "rückwärts"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pros ta píso",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "προς τα πίσω"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"sense": "backwards",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "पीछ॓ की ओर"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bocakk",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "बोचक्क"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "indietro"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōhō e",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "後方へ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "artqa",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "артқа"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "bakk"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "جاخوردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "یکه خوردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "غافلگیرشدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "wstecz"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "do tyłu"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "atrás"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "para trás"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nazád",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "наза́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "air ais"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "backwards",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "у̀наза̄д"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "backwards",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "на̏за̄д"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "backwards",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "на̏тра̄г"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "backwards",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "ùnazād"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "backwards",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "nȁzād"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "backwards",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "nȁtrāg"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "naspäť"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "atrás"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "hacia atrás"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "bakåt"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "venakki",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "వెనక్కి"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "geriye"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 2 1 17",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nazád",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "наза́д"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1840, “Proceedings of an Inquiry held at plantation Reliance, in the county of Essequibo”, in Papers Relative to the West Indies, 1841: British Guiana, London: H.M.S.O., published 1841, page 201",
"text": "There are so many canes upon Reliance that the labourers could not cut those aback, as they prefer cutting those in front. The cane fields aback were in cultivation last year.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the rear; a distance behind."
],
"id": "en-aback-en-adv-o1ROp33v",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) In the rear; a distance behind."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otzad",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "отзад"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "bagi"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "bagved"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "achteraan"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "malantaŭe"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "takana"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "perässä"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "derrière"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "hinten"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "dietro"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "di dietro"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "in the rear",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "cooyl (aym)"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "in the rear",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "çheu choylloo (jeem)"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "z tyłu"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "atrás"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "szádi",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "сза́ди"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pozadí",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "позади́"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "där bak"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pozádu",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "поза́ду"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zzádu",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "зза́ду"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "đằng sau"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "lùi lại"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "trở lại phía sau"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "về phía sau"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1808, The Post-Captain: A View of Naval Society and Manners, 3rd edition, London: Thomas Tegg, page 165",
"text": "I would rather board a hundred of the enemy's frigates, than steer my boat into a fleet of modest women, for a modest woman never fails to take me aback.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"By surprise; startled; dumbfounded. (see usage)"
],
"id": "en-aback-en-adv-CuC0NFC7",
"links": [
[
"startled",
"startled"
],
[
"dumbfounded",
"dumbfounded"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 28 22 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1757, Charles Fearne, The Trial of the Honourable Admiral John Byng, at a Court Martial, London: Manby, et al, page 89",
"text": "Q. Was not the Trident at that time aback with one or more Top-sails? A. To the best of my Knowledge she had both Top-sails aback.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1841, Benjamin J. Totten, Naval Text-book, Boston: Little & Brown, page 144",
"text": "As the anchor fetches her up, she will swing head to wind, bringing the head sails aback.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Russell Drumm, The Barque of Saviors, Houghton Mifflin, page 91",
"text": "Then the sails on the mainmast were backing and we started getting stern way. Eagle was caught aback.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Backward against the mast; said of the sails when pressed by the wind from the \"wrong\" (forward) side, or of a ship when its sails are set that way."
],
"id": "en-aback-en-adv-x35ITgax",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"mast",
"mast"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) Backward against the mast; said of the sails when pressed by the wind from the \"wrong\" (forward) side, or of a ship when its sails are set that way."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "21 4 3 72",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "bak"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 4 3 72",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "met een kopwind"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 4 3 72",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "malantaŭa"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 4 3 72",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "pakilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 4 3 72",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pros ta píso",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "προς τα πίσω"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 4 3 72",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "a collo"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 4 3 72",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "ergooyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 4 3 72",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "kōpio"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 4 3 72",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "bieg wsteczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 4 3 72",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prótiv vétra",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "про́тив ве́тра"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 4 3 72",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "back"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 4 3 72",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "pupada"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbæk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbæk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-aback.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/En-us-aback.ogg/En-us-aback.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/En-us-aback.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-aback.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/En-ca-aback.ogg/En-ca-aback.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/En-ca-aback.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
}
],
"word": "aback"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "abacus"
},
"expansion": "Latin abacus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin abacus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abacks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "aback (plural abacks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Modern English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 7 5 38 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1604, Ben Jonson, “Part of the King's Entertainment in Passing to His Coronation”, in The Works of Ben Jonson, London: Printed by Thomas Hodgkin, published 1692, page 306",
"text": "In the Centre, or midst of the Pegm, there was an Aback, or Square, wherein this Elogy was written.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An inscribed stone square."
],
"id": "en-aback-en-noun-VZaDdaNZ",
"links": [
[
"inscribe",
"inscribe"
],
[
"square",
"square"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, Early Modern) An inscribed stone square."
],
"tags": [
"Early",
"Modern",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbæk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbæk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-aback.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/En-us-aback.ogg/En-us-aback.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/En-us-aback.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-aback.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/En-ca-aback.ogg/En-ca-aback.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/En-ca-aback.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
}
],
"word": "aback"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "aback o'"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abak"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abak",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "onbæc"
},
"expansion": "Old English onbæc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "a",
"3": "back"
},
"expansion": "a- + back",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abak, from Old English onbæc, equivalent to a- + back.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "aback",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 9 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 6 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots terms prefixed with a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"behind, in the rear"
],
"id": "en-aback-sco-adv-o-YNuZx~",
"links": [
[
"behind",
"behind"
],
[
"rear",
"rear"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"away, aloof, off"
],
"id": "en-aback-sco-adv-qQY4l6hN",
"links": [
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"aloof",
"aloof"
],
[
"off",
"off"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 9 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 6 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots terms prefixed with a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"since, ago"
],
"id": "en-aback-sco-adv-zB8xp62G",
"links": [
[
"since",
"since"
],
[
"ago",
"ago"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɑk/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "a-back"
}
],
"word": "aback"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms prefixed with a-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Requests for review of Afrikaans translations",
"Requests for review of Albanian translations",
"Requests for review of Azerbaijani translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Latvian translations",
"Requests for review of Lithuanian translations",
"Requests for review of Norwegian translations",
"Requests for review of Romanian translations",
"Requests for review of Slovene translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
"Rhymes:English/æk",
"Rhymes:English/æk/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aback of"
},
{
"word": "abackward"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abak"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abak",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "onbæc"
},
"expansion": "Old English onbæc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a",
"3": "back",
"gloss1": "towards"
},
"expansion": "a- (“towards”) + back",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "tebek",
"3": "",
"4": "aback",
"lit": "to/at back",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian tebek (“aback”, adverb, literally “to/at back”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tillbaka"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tillbaka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "idem."
},
"expansion": "(idem.)",
"name": "gloss"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abak, from Old English onbæc, equivalent to a- (“towards”) + back. Compare West Frisian tebek (“aback”, adverb, literally “to/at back”), Swedish tillbaka (idem.).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "aback (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"word": "back"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1380s, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Legend of Good Women/The Legend of Thisbe",
"text": "Al blody, and therwith-al a-bak she sterte",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1815, David Laurie, A Treatise on Finance, under which, the General Interests of the British Empire are Illustrated, Glasgow: Chapman, page 322",
"text": "The mild, though licentious reign, of Louis the Sixteenth, threw France far aback, in her ambitious career; but it gave birth to that revolution, wherein, her warlike propensities and territorial resources were unfolded with tenfold efficacy.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1889, William Morris, A Tale of the House of the Wolfings and All the Kindreds of the Mark, London: Reeves & Turner, page 31",
"text": "Then stopped, and bounded aback, and away as if in fear, / That I saw her no more; then I wondered though sitting close anear / Was a she-wolf great and grisly.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Towards the back or rear; backwards."
],
"links": [
[
"rear",
"rear"
],
[
"backwards",
"backwards"
],
[
"The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles",
"w:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary"
],
[
"Oxford University Press",
"w:Oxford University Press"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Towards the back or rear; backwards."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1840, “Proceedings of an Inquiry held at plantation Reliance, in the county of Essequibo”, in Papers Relative to the West Indies, 1841: British Guiana, London: H.M.S.O., published 1841, page 201",
"text": "There are so many canes upon Reliance that the labourers could not cut those aback, as they prefer cutting those in front. The cane fields aback were in cultivation last year.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the rear; a distance behind."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) In the rear; a distance behind."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1808, The Post-Captain: A View of Naval Society and Manners, 3rd edition, London: Thomas Tegg, page 165",
"text": "I would rather board a hundred of the enemy's frigates, than steer my boat into a fleet of modest women, for a modest woman never fails to take me aback.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"By surprise; startled; dumbfounded. (see usage)"
],
"links": [
[
"startled",
"startled"
],
[
"dumbfounded",
"dumbfounded"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Nautical"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1757, Charles Fearne, The Trial of the Honourable Admiral John Byng, at a Court Martial, London: Manby, et al, page 89",
"text": "Q. Was not the Trident at that time aback with one or more Top-sails? A. To the best of my Knowledge she had both Top-sails aback.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1841, Benjamin J. Totten, Naval Text-book, Boston: Little & Brown, page 144",
"text": "As the anchor fetches her up, she will swing head to wind, bringing the head sails aback.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Russell Drumm, The Barque of Saviors, Houghton Mifflin, page 91",
"text": "Then the sails on the mainmast were backing and we started getting stern way. Eagle was caught aback.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Backward against the mast; said of the sails when pressed by the wind from the \"wrong\" (forward) side, or of a ship when its sails are set that way."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"mast",
"mast"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) Backward against the mast; said of the sails when pressed by the wind from the \"wrong\" (forward) side, or of a ship when its sails are set that way."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbæk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbæk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-aback.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/En-us-aback.ogg/En-us-aback.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/En-us-aback.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-aback.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/En-ca-aback.ogg/En-ca-aback.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/En-ca-aback.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "om",
"lang": "Afan Oromo",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "rifachuu"
},
{
"code": "om",
"lang": "Afan Oromo",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "nahuu"
},
{
"code": "om",
"lang": "Afan Oromo",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "na'uu"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔilā l-ḵalf",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "إِلَى اَلْخَلْف"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"english": "pechon dike",
"lang": "Bengali",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "পেছন দিকে"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "obak",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "অবাক"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nazad",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "назад"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadniškom",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "заднишком"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "zpět"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "baglæns"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "achterwaarts"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "rugwaarts"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "malantaŭen"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "tagasi"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "tagaspidi"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "tagurpidi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "takaisin"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "taaksepäin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "en arrière"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "rückwärts"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pros ta píso",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "προς τα πίσω"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"sense": "backwards",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "पीछ॓ की ओर"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bocakk",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "बोचक्क"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "indietro"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōhō e",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "後方へ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "artqa",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "артқа"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "bakk"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "جاخوردن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "یکه خوردن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "غافلگیرشدن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "wstecz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "do tyłu"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "atrás"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "para trás"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nazád",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "наза́д"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "air ais"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "backwards",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "у̀наза̄д"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "backwards",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "на̏за̄д"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "backwards",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "на̏тра̄г"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "backwards",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "ùnazād"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "backwards",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "nȁzād"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "backwards",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "nȁtrāg"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "naspäť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "atrás"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "hacia atrás"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "bakåt"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "venakki",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "వెనక్కి"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "geriye"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nazád",
"sense": "backwards",
"word": "наза́д"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otzad",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "отзад"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "bagi"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "bagved"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "achteraan"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "malantaŭe"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "takana"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "perässä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "derrière"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "hinten"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "dietro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "di dietro"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "in the rear",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "cooyl (aym)"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "in the rear",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "çheu choylloo (jeem)"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "z tyłu"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "atrás"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "szádi",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "сза́ди"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pozadí",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "позади́"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "där bak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pozádu",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "поза́ду"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zzádu",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "зза́ду"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "đằng sau"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "lùi lại"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "trở lại phía sau"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "in the rear",
"word": "về phía sau"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "bak"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "met een kopwind"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "malantaŭa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "pakilla"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pros ta píso",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "προς τα πίσω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "a collo"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "ergooyl"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "kōpio"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "bieg wsteczny"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prótiv vétra",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "про́тив ве́тра"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "back"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "said of sails pressed backward",
"word": "pupada"
}
],
"word": "aback"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/æk",
"Rhymes:English/æk/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "abacus"
},
"expansion": "Latin abacus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin abacus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abacks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "aback (plural abacks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Early Modern English",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1604, Ben Jonson, “Part of the King's Entertainment in Passing to His Coronation”, in The Works of Ben Jonson, London: Printed by Thomas Hodgkin, published 1692, page 306",
"text": "In the Centre, or midst of the Pegm, there was an Aback, or Square, wherein this Elogy was written.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An inscribed stone square."
],
"links": [
[
"inscribe",
"inscribe"
],
[
"square",
"square"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, Early Modern) An inscribed stone square."
],
"tags": [
"Early",
"Modern",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbæk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈbæk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-aback.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/En-us-aback.ogg/En-us-aback.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/En-us-aback.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-aback.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/En-ca-aback.ogg/En-ca-aback.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/En-ca-aback.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
}
],
"word": "aback"
}
{
"categories": [
"Scots adverbs",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old English",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Scots terms inherited from Old English",
"Scots terms prefixed with a-",
"Scots terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aback o'"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abak"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abak",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "onbæc"
},
"expansion": "Old English onbæc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "a",
"3": "back"
},
"expansion": "a- + back",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English abak, from Old English onbæc, equivalent to a- + back.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "aback",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"behind, in the rear"
],
"links": [
[
"behind",
"behind"
],
[
"rear",
"rear"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"away, aloof, off"
],
"links": [
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"aloof",
"aloof"
],
[
"off",
"off"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"since, ago"
],
"links": [
[
"since",
"since"
],
[
"ago",
"ago"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈbɑk/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "a-back"
}
],
"word": "aback"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.