See -b on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*-mp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *-mp",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-mpi"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -mpi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Ugric *-mp. In the Proto-Hungarian period it became -b due to regular phonetic change, then later lengthened to -bb. Cognates include Finnish -mpi.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "suffix"
},
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},
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "idős (“old”) + -b → idősb (“older, senior”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "külön (“separate”) + -b → különb (“superior”, split from the original)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "súlyos (“serious, grave”) + -b → súlyosbodik (“to become graver”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "súlyos (“serious, grave”) + -b → súlyosbít (“to make graver, aggravate”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "öreg (“old (archaic: grand, great)”) + -b → öregbít (“to enhance, bolster [reputation], literally “to make greater””)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "helyes (“correct, right”) + -b → helyesbít (“to rectify”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kevés (“few, little [in quantity]”) + -b → kevésbé (“less [to less extent/degree]”), kevesbít (“to lessen”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "utol (“at the end”, obsolete) + -b → utóbb (“later”, originally utolb)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er, more (still used in compound verb-forming suffixes)"
],
"id": "en--b-hu-suffix-oUfpUer2",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
],
[
"more",
"more"
]
],
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"(comparative suffix, somewhat archaic) -er, more (still used in compound verb-forming suffixes)"
],
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"archaic",
"comparative",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
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}
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{
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{
"_dis": "28 53 3 16",
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"_dis": "26 49 3 22",
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}
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"Suffix involved in formation of agent-oriented intransitive verb stems"
],
"id": "en--b-lut-suffix-8lwWuGJ7",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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}
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{
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"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-pi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-pi",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-pi.",
"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "vep",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
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"lang_code": "vep",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix of the third-person singular."
],
"id": "en--b-vep-suffix-QDjcW5~c",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
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],
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}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-pa"
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"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-pa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vep-decl-kuva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-b",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-biden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-bad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive-instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive-instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-baks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-bikš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-bas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-biš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-baspäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bišpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-baha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bihe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-bal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-balpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bilpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-bale",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-bata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-banke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bidenke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-badme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bidme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "-banno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bidenno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-i",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-bannoks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bidennoks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-ii",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-bannopäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bidennopäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-bahasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "-bihesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "-balesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "-bilesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "-bassai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "-bahapäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bihepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-balepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bilepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-ii",
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "kaikiš",
"7": "",
"8": "",
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"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-b",
"name": "head"
},
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "-ba"
},
"name": "vep-decl-kuva"
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],
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"lang_code": "vep",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Veps entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Veps kuva-type nominals",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-dab"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ing; forms a secondary present active participle of a few verbs."
],
"id": "en--b-vep-suffix-l8NPVKaz",
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) -ing; forms a secondary present active participle of a few verbs."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "nsz",
"2": "-bene",
"3": "-by",
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"qq2": "prohobitive"
},
"expansion": "Nisenan: -bene (2nd-person singular persuasive), -by (prohobitive)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nisenan: -bene (2nd-person singular persuasive), -by (prohobitive)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nmu",
"2": "-bene",
"3": "-by",
"qq1": "2nd-person singular hortatory",
"qq2": "cavetive"
},
"expansion": "Northeast Maidu: -bene (2nd-person singular hortatory), -by (cavetive)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northeast Maidu: -bene (2nd-person singular hortatory), -by (cavetive)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjd",
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},
"expansion": "Northwest Maidu: -be (2nd-person singular hortatory), -by (cavetive)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
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}
],
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"kind": "other",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"glosses": [
"optative suffix"
],
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"links": [
[
"optative",
"optative#English"
]
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"morpheme",
"optative",
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}
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"word": "-b"
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{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-mpi"
},
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}
],
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"Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "idős (“old”) + -b → idősb (“older, senior”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "külön (“separate”) + -b → különb (“superior”, split from the original)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "súlyos (“serious, grave”) + -b → súlyosbodik (“to become graver”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "súlyos (“serious, grave”) + -b → súlyosbít (“to make graver, aggravate”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "öreg (“old (archaic: grand, great)”) + -b → öregbít (“to enhance, bolster [reputation], literally “to make greater””)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "helyes (“correct, right”) + -b → helyesbít (“to rectify”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kevés (“few, little [in quantity]”) + -b → kevésbé (“less [to less extent/degree]”), kevesbít (“to lessen”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "utol (“at the end”, obsolete) + -b → utóbb (“later”, originally utolb)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er, more (still used in compound verb-forming suffixes)"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
],
[
"more",
"more"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(comparative suffix, somewhat archaic) -er, more (still used in compound verb-forming suffixes)"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"comparative",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"word": "-b"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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"1": "lut",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-b",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"lang_code": "lut",
"pos": "suffix",
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{
"categories": [
"Lushootseed entries with incorrect language header",
"Lushootseed lemmas",
"Lushootseed suffixes",
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"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix involved in formation of agent-oriented intransitive verb stems"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-b"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nsz",
"2": "-bene",
"3": "-by",
"qq1": "2nd-person singular persuasive",
"qq2": "prohobitive"
},
"expansion": "Nisenan: -bene (2nd-person singular persuasive), -by (prohobitive)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nisenan: -bene (2nd-person singular persuasive), -by (prohobitive)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nmu",
"2": "-bene",
"3": "-by",
"qq1": "2nd-person singular hortatory",
"qq2": "cavetive"
},
"expansion": "Northeast Maidu: -bene (2nd-person singular hortatory), -by (cavetive)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northeast Maidu: -bene (2nd-person singular hortatory), -by (cavetive)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjd",
"2": "-be",
"3": "-by",
"qq1": "2nd-person singular hortatory",
"qq2": "cavetive"
},
"expansion": "Northwest Maidu: -be (2nd-person singular hortatory), -by (cavetive)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northwest Maidu: -be (2nd-person singular hortatory), -by (cavetive)"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "nai-mdu-pro",
"2": "suffix"
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"expansion": "*-b",
"name": "head"
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"lang_code": "nai-mdu-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Maidun/-b",
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"Pages with entries",
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"optative suffix"
],
"links": [
[
"optative",
"optative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"optative",
"reconstruction",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"word": "-b"
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{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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"Veps entries with incorrect language header",
"Veps inflectional suffixes",
"Veps kuva-type nominals",
"Veps lemmas",
"Veps suffixes",
"Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-pi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-pi",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-pi.",
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{
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"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
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"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix of the third-person singular."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Veps adjective-forming suffixes",
"Veps entries with incorrect language header",
"Veps kuva-type nominals",
"Veps lemmas",
"Veps suffixes",
"Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-dab"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-pa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-pa",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-pa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vep-decl-kuva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-b",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-biden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-bad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive-instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive-instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-baks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-bikš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-bas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-biš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-baspäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bišpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-baha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bihe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-bal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-balpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bilpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-bale",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-bata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-banke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bidenke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-badme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bidme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "-banno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bidenno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-i",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-bannoks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bidennoks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-ii",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-bannopäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bidennopäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-bahasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "-bihesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "-balesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "-bilesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "-bassai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "-bahapäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bihepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-balepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-bilepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-ii",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "kaikiš",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-b",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"suff": "1"
},
"expansion": "-b",
"name": "vep-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ba"
},
"name": "vep-decl-kuva"
}
],
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ing; forms a secondary present active participle of a few verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) -ing; forms a secondary present active participle of a few verbs."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-b"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -b meaning in All languages combined (10.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.