See ḡurayb- on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "erēbum",
"alt": "𒌑𒉁𒂵",
"tr": "erēbum, ḫerēbum, arēbu"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian: 𒌑𒉁𒂵 (erēbum, ḫerēbum, arēbu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Akkadian: 𒌑𒉁𒂵 (erēbum, ḫerēbum, arēbu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xeb",
"2": "𒂵𒌷𒅤",
"3": "𒄩𒌷𒅤𒌝",
"tr1": "ga-ri₂-bu₃",
"tr2": "ḫa-ri₂-bu₃-um",
"ts1": "ḡarību",
"ts2": "ḡarībum"
},
"expansion": "Eblaite: 𒂵𒌷𒅤 (ga-ri₂-bu₃ /ḡarību/), 𒄩𒌷𒅤𒌝 (ḫa-ri₂-bu₃-um /ḡarībum/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eblaite: 𒂵𒌷𒅤 (ga-ri₂-bu₃ /ḡarību/), 𒄩𒌷𒅤𒌝 (ḫa-ri₂-bu₃-um /ḡarībum/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "غُرَاب",
"id": "raven"
},
"expansion": "Arabic: غُرَاب (ḡurāb)\nMaltese: għorab, għarab\nMoroccan Arabic: غراب (ḡrāb)\n→ Ottoman Turkish: غراب (gurab)\n→ South Levantine Arabic: غراب (ḡurāb) (learned)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Arabic: غُرَاب (ḡurāb)\nMaltese: għorab, għarab\nMoroccan Arabic: غراب (ḡrāb)\n→ Ottoman Turkish: غراب (gurab)\n→ South Levantine Arabic: غراب (ḡurāb) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwest Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aramaic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "jpa",
"3": "arc-jla",
"4": "tmr"
},
"expansion": "Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic",
"name": "lect"
}
],
"text": "Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: עוֹרְבָא (ʿūrḇā)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܥܽܘܪܒܳܐ",
"tr": "ʿūrḇā"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac: ܥܽܘܪܒܳܐ (ʿūrḇā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Syriac: ܥܽܘܪܒܳܐ (ʿūrḇā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Canaanite:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "עוֹרֵב",
"tr": "'orév, ʿôrēḇ"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew: עוֹרֵב ('orév, ʿôrēḇ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hebrew: עוֹרֵב ('orév, ʿôrēḇ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern South Arabian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gdq",
"2": "",
"alt": "haġaráyb, yəġəráyb, yəġərēb",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Mehri: haġaráyb, yəġəráyb, yəġərēb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mehri: haġaráyb, yəġəráyb, yəġərēb"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shv",
"2": "",
"alt": "ʾaġəréb",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Shehri: ʾaġəréb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shehri: ʾaġəréb"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqt",
"2": "",
"alt": "ʾáʿrəb",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Soqotri: ʾáʿrəb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Soqotri: ʾáʿrəb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ագռաւ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: ագռաւ (agṙaw)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: ագռաւ (agṙaw) (possibly)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "corvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin corvus",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hrabnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately onomatopoeic. Compare Latin corvus and Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz, with the same phonetic pattern: velar (+ close or mid-close vowel) + rhotic + bilabial.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybāna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-ūna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybayna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-īna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybayna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-īna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVya",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVkumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVkumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVkumū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVkumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVkumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVkin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVkinā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšumū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVša",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšinā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*ḡurayb- m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Semitic",
"lang_code": "sem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḡurayb-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Semitic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"raven, crow"
],
"id": "en-ḡurayb--sem-pro-noun-y3o8G0kG",
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven"
],
[
"crow",
"crow"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ḡurayb-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "erēbum",
"alt": "𒌑𒉁𒂵",
"tr": "erēbum, ḫerēbum, arēbu"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian: 𒌑𒉁𒂵 (erēbum, ḫerēbum, arēbu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Akkadian: 𒌑𒉁𒂵 (erēbum, ḫerēbum, arēbu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xeb",
"2": "𒂵𒌷𒅤",
"3": "𒄩𒌷𒅤𒌝",
"tr1": "ga-ri₂-bu₃",
"tr2": "ḫa-ri₂-bu₃-um",
"ts1": "ḡarību",
"ts2": "ḡarībum"
},
"expansion": "Eblaite: 𒂵𒌷𒅤 (ga-ri₂-bu₃ /ḡarību/), 𒄩𒌷𒅤𒌝 (ḫa-ri₂-bu₃-um /ḡarībum/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Eblaite: 𒂵𒌷𒅤 (ga-ri₂-bu₃ /ḡarību/), 𒄩𒌷𒅤𒌝 (ḫa-ri₂-bu₃-um /ḡarībum/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "غُرَاب",
"id": "raven"
},
"expansion": "Arabic: غُرَاب (ḡurāb)\nMaltese: għorab, għarab\nMoroccan Arabic: غراب (ḡrāb)\n→ Ottoman Turkish: غراب (gurab)\n→ South Levantine Arabic: غراب (ḡurāb) (learned)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Arabic: غُرَاب (ḡurāb)\nMaltese: għorab, għarab\nMoroccan Arabic: غراب (ḡrāb)\n→ Ottoman Turkish: غراب (gurab)\n→ South Levantine Arabic: غراب (ḡurāb) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwest Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aramaic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "jpa",
"3": "arc-jla",
"4": "tmr"
},
"expansion": "Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic",
"name": "lect"
}
],
"text": "Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: עוֹרְבָא (ʿūrḇā)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܥܽܘܪܒܳܐ",
"tr": "ʿūrḇā"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac: ܥܽܘܪܒܳܐ (ʿūrḇā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Syriac: ܥܽܘܪܒܳܐ (ʿūrḇā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Canaanite:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "עוֹרֵב",
"tr": "'orév, ʿôrēḇ"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew: עוֹרֵב ('orév, ʿôrēḇ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hebrew: עוֹרֵב ('orév, ʿôrēḇ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern South Arabian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gdq",
"2": "",
"alt": "haġaráyb, yəġəráyb, yəġərēb",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Mehri: haġaráyb, yəġəráyb, yəġərēb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mehri: haġaráyb, yəġəráyb, yəġərēb"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shv",
"2": "",
"alt": "ʾaġəréb",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Shehri: ʾaġəréb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shehri: ʾaġəréb"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqt",
"2": "",
"alt": "ʾáʿrəb",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Soqotri: ʾáʿrəb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Soqotri: ʾáʿrəb"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ագռաւ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: ագռաւ (agṙaw)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: ագռաւ (agṙaw) (possibly)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "corvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin corvus",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hrabnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately onomatopoeic. Compare Latin corvus and Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz, with the same phonetic pattern: velar (+ close or mid-close vowel) + rhotic + bilabial.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybāna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-ūna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybayna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-īna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybayna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-īna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVya",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVkumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVkumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVkumū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVkumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVkumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVkin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVkinā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšumū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVša",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ḡuraybVšinā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*ḡurayb- m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Semitic",
"lang_code": "sem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḡurayb-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Semitic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Semitic lemmas",
"Proto-Semitic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Semitic nouns",
"sem-pro:Birds"
],
"glosses": [
"raven, crow"
],
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven"
],
[
"crow",
"crow"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ḡurayb-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ḡurayb- meaning in All languages combined (8.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.