See 閣下 on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "閣下"
},
"expansion": "閣下",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "閣下",
"2": "かっか",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "閣下(かっか) (kakka)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "각하(閣下)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 각하(閣下) (gakha)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "các hạ",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "閣下"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: các hạ (閣下)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "閣下",
"2": "かっか",
"3": "각하",
"4": "các hạ",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "閣下",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "閣下",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "閣下",
"v": "閣下",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (閣下):\n* → Japanese: 閣下(かっか) (kakka)\n* → Korean: 각하(閣下) (gakha)\n* → Vietnamese: các hạ (閣下)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "かっか",
"3": "각하",
"4": "các hạ"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (閣下):\n* → Japanese: 閣下(かっか) (kakka)\n* → Korean: 각하(閣下) (gakha)\n* → Vietnamese: các hạ (閣下)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (閣下):\n* → Japanese: 閣下(かっか) (kakka)\n* → Korean: 각하(閣下) (gakha)\n* → Vietnamese: các hạ (閣下)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "阁下",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "閣下",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 1 20 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 1 19 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Heads of state",
"orig": "zh:Heads of state",
"parents": [
"Government",
"Positions of authority",
"Politics",
"Society",
"Leaders",
"Occupations",
"All topics",
"People",
"Work",
"Fundamental",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "zh:Monarchy",
"parents": [
"Forms of government",
"High society",
"Government",
"Society",
"Politics",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "zh:Nobility",
"parents": [
"High society",
"People",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"Written Vernacular Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1907 CE, Liu E, The Travels of Lao Can",
"roman": "Géxià rúcǐ hóng cái dàlüè, bù chūlái zuò diǎn shìqíng shízài kěxī!",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "閣下如此宏材大略，不出來做點事情實在可惜！",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Written Vernacular Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1907 CE, Liu E, The Travels of Lao Can",
"roman": "Géxià rúcǐ hóng cái dàlüè, bù chūlái zuò diǎn shìqíng shízài kěxī!",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "阁下如此宏材大略，不出来做点事情实在可惜！",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Your Excellency; His or Her Excellency; Your Honour"
],
"id": "en-閣下-zh-noun-6EhBNuTa",
"links": [
[
"Your Excellency",
"Your Excellency"
],
[
"His",
"his"
],
[
"Her",
"her"
],
[
"Excellency",
"Excellency"
],
[
"Your Honour",
"Your Honour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) Your Excellency; His or Her Excellency; Your Honour"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Book of the Later Han, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE",
"roman": "Shí hànshū shǐ chū, duō wèinéng tōng zhě, tóng jùn mǎ róng fú yú géxià, cóng zhāo yán 嶊.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "時漢書始出，多未能通者，同郡馬融伏於閣下，從昭言嶊。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Book of the Later Han, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE",
"roman": "Shí hànshū shǐ chū, duō wèinéng tōng zhě, tóng jùn mǎ róng fú yú géxià, cóng zhāo yán 嶊.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "时汉书始出，多未能通者，同郡马融伏于阁下，从昭言嶊。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at the foot of a tower or pavilion"
],
"id": "en-閣下-zh-noun-4m5zg0Jg",
"links": [
[
"tower",
"tower"
],
[
"pavilion",
"pavilion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) at the foot of a tower or pavilion"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "géxià"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gok³ haa⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koh-hǎ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koh-hā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-hēe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-hā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "goh⁴ ê⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "géxià"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gésià"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "ko²-hsia⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gé-syà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gershiah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гэся"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gɛsja"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gok hah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gok⁸ haa⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gog³ ha⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːk̚³ haː²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "koh-hǎ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko(ʔ)⁵ ha²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "koh-hā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "koihha"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ha³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-hēe"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hɛ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-hā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kokha"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "koh ĕ"
},
{
"ipa": "/koʔ²⁻⁴ e³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"other": "/ koh-hā /"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːk̚³ haː²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko(ʔ)⁵ ha²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ha³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hɛ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koʔ²⁻⁴ e³⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dàjià",
"word": "大駕／大驾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zúxià",
"word": "足下"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zuǒyòu",
"word": "左右"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zūnjià",
"word": "尊駕／尊驾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dàjià",
"word": "大駕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dàjià",
"word": "大驾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zūnjià",
"word": "尊駕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zūnjià",
"word": "尊驾"
}
],
"word": "閣下"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "lzh",
"3": "閣下",
"sort": "かっか"
},
"expansion": "Literary Chinese 閣下 (géxià)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Literary Chinese 閣下 (géxià)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "閣下",
"ruby": [
[
"閣",
"かっ"
],
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kakka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kakuka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "かくか",
"roman": "kakuka",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かっか",
"hhira": "かくか"
},
"expansion": "閣(かっ)下(か) • (kakka) ^(←かくか (kakuka)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 1 20 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 1 19 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Japanese politics",
"orig": "ja:Japanese politics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "ja:Nobility",
"parents": [
"High society",
"People",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"down a noble's residential tower, looking up"
],
"id": "en-閣下-ja-noun-28QR2vuD",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, attributive) down a noble's residential tower, looking up"
],
"tags": [
"attributive",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 1 20 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 1 19 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Heads of state",
"orig": "ja:Heads of state",
"parents": [
"Government",
"Positions of authority",
"Politics",
"Society",
"Leaders",
"Occupations",
"All topics",
"People",
"Work",
"Fundamental",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "ja:Monarchy",
"parents": [
"Forms of government",
"High society",
"Government",
"Society",
"Politics",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "His/Her Excellency the President; Mr./Madam President",
"roman": "Daitōryō Kakka",
"ruby": [
[
"大",
"だい"
],
[
"統",
"とう"
],
[
"領",
"りょう"
],
[
"閣",
"かっ"
],
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"text": "大統領閣下",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "His Grace the Duke of York",
"roman": "Yōku Kō Kakka",
"ruby": [
[
"公",
"こう"
],
[
"閣",
"かっ"
],
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"text": "ヨーク公閣下",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Welcome, Mr. Minister. We’ve been looking forward to seeing you.",
"ref": "1986 January 10, Tsurugina, Mai with Katō, Tadashi, “MENU① 幻の料理人 [MENU① The Illusory Cook]”, in ザ・シェフ [The Chef], volume 1 (fiction), Tōkyō: Nihon Bungeisha, →ISBN, page 7:",
"roman": "Yō koso Daijin Kakka Omachimōshite orimashita",
"text": "ようこそ大臣閣下 お待ち申しておりました",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Our top Japanese executive chef of French cuisine, Shimomura, will use his best efforts to prepare a good dinner tonight. I am confident you will receive the best service.",
"ref": "1986 January 10, Tsurugina, Mai with Katō, Tadashi, “MENU① 幻の料理人 [MENU① The Illusory Cook]”, in ザ・シェフ [The Chef], volume 1 (fiction), Tōkyō: Nihon Bungeisha, →ISBN, page 8:",
"roman": "Kon’ya no dinā wa Nihon ni okeru Furansu ryōri no daiichininsha tō-hoteru no Shimomura Gurando Shefu ga ude ni yori o kakete ryōri Kakka ni wa kitto gomanzoku itadakeru mono to shinjite orimasu",
"text": "今夜の晩餐(ディナー)は日本におけるフランス料理の第一人者当ホテルの下村総料理長(グランドシェフ)が腕によりをかけて料理いたします 閣下にはきっとご満足いただけるものと信じております",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Your Excellency; His Excellency; Her Excellency; Your Lordship; His Lordship; Your Ladyship; Her Ladyship; Your Grace; His Grace; Her Grace"
],
"id": "en-閣下-ja-noun-wYEAV-KP",
"links": [
[
"Your Excellency",
"Your Excellency"
],
[
"His Excellency",
"His Excellency"
],
[
"Her Excellency",
"Her Excellency"
],
[
"Your Lordship",
"Your Lordship"
],
[
"His Lordship",
"His Lordship"
],
[
"Your Ladyship",
"Your Ladyship"
],
[
"Her Ladyship",
"Her Ladyship"
],
[
"Your Grace",
"Your Grace"
],
[
"His Grace",
"His Grace"
],
[
"Her Grace",
"Her Grace"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かっか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠k̚ka̠]"
}
],
"word": "閣下"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gakha",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "각하",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "각하"
},
"expansion": "閣下 • (gakha) (hangeul 각하)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Excellency; President",
"word": "각하"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 각하 (“Excellency; President”)"
],
"id": "en-閣下-ko-noun-I8n1Uzxb",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"각하",
"각하#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "閣下"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "pronoun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "閣下",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "閣下",
"name": "vi-pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese pronouns in Han script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Fiction",
"orig": "vi:Fiction",
"parents": [
"Artistic works",
"Art",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of các hạ (“(Chinese fiction, honorific) you”)."
],
"id": "en-閣下-vi-pron-2IQz~IVV",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"các hạ",
"các hạ#Vietnamese"
],
[
"fiction",
"fiction"
],
[
"you",
"you"
]
]
}
],
"word": "閣下"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 下",
"Chinese terms spelled with 閣",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Heads of state",
"zh:Monarchy",
"zh:Nobility"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "閣下"
},
"expansion": "閣下",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "閣下",
"2": "かっか",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "閣下(かっか) (kakka)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "각하(閣下)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 각하(閣下) (gakha)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "các hạ",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "閣下"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: các hạ (閣下)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "閣下",
"2": "かっか",
"3": "각하",
"4": "các hạ",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "閣下",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "閣下",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "閣下",
"v": "閣下",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (閣下):\n* → Japanese: 閣下(かっか) (kakka)\n* → Korean: 각하(閣下) (gakha)\n* → Vietnamese: các hạ (閣下)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "かっか",
"3": "각하",
"4": "các hạ"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (閣下):\n* → Japanese: 閣下(かっか) (kakka)\n* → Korean: 각하(閣下) (gakha)\n* → Vietnamese: các hạ (閣下)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (閣下):\n* → Japanese: 閣下(かっか) (kakka)\n* → Korean: 각하(閣下) (gakha)\n* → Vietnamese: các hạ (閣下)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "阁下",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "閣下",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese literary terms",
"Mandarin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"Written Vernacular Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1907 CE, Liu E, The Travels of Lao Can",
"roman": "Géxià rúcǐ hóng cái dàlüè, bù chūlái zuò diǎn shìqíng shízài kěxī!",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "閣下如此宏材大略，不出來做點事情實在可惜！",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Written Vernacular Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1907 CE, Liu E, The Travels of Lao Can",
"roman": "Géxià rúcǐ hóng cái dàlüè, bù chūlái zuò diǎn shìqíng shízài kěxī!",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "阁下如此宏材大略，不出来做点事情实在可惜！",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Your Excellency; His or Her Excellency; Your Honour"
],
"links": [
[
"Your Excellency",
"Your Excellency"
],
[
"His",
"his"
],
[
"Her",
"her"
],
[
"Excellency",
"Excellency"
],
[
"Your Honour",
"Your Honour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) Your Excellency; His or Her Excellency; Your Honour"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with archaic senses",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Book of the Later Han, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE",
"roman": "Shí hànshū shǐ chū, duō wèinéng tōng zhě, tóng jùn mǎ róng fú yú géxià, cóng zhāo yán 嶊.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "時漢書始出，多未能通者，同郡馬融伏於閣下，從昭言嶊。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Book of the Later Han, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE",
"roman": "Shí hànshū shǐ chū, duō wèinéng tōng zhě, tóng jùn mǎ róng fú yú géxià, cóng zhāo yán 嶊.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "时汉书始出，多未能通者，同郡马融伏于阁下，从昭言嶊。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at the foot of a tower or pavilion"
],
"links": [
[
"tower",
"tower"
],
[
"pavilion",
"pavilion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) at the foot of a tower or pavilion"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "géxià"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄜˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gok³ haa⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koh-hǎ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "koh-hā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-hēe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-hā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "goh⁴ ê⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "géxià"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gésià"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "ko²-hsia⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gé-syà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gershiah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гэся"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gɛsja"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gok hah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gok⁸ haa⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gog³ ha⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːk̚³ haː²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "koh-hǎ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko(ʔ)⁵ ha²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "koh-hā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "koihha"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ha³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-hēe"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hɛ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-hā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kokha"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "koh ĕ"
},
{
"ipa": "/koʔ²⁻⁴ e³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"other": "/ koh-hā /"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔːk̚³ haː²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko(ʔ)⁵ ha²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ha³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hɛ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koʔ²⁻⁴ e³⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "dàjià",
"word": "大駕／大驾"
},
{
"roman": "zúxià",
"word": "足下"
},
{
"roman": "zuǒyòu",
"word": "左右"
},
{
"roman": "zūnjià",
"word": "尊駕／尊驾"
},
{
"roman": "dàjià",
"word": "大駕"
},
{
"roman": "dàjià",
"word": "大驾"
},
{
"roman": "zūnjià",
"word": "尊駕"
},
{
"roman": "zūnjià",
"word": "尊驾"
}
],
"word": "閣下"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Literary Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Heads of state",
"ja:Japanese politics",
"ja:Monarchy",
"ja:Nobility"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "lzh",
"3": "閣下",
"sort": "かっか"
},
"expansion": "Literary Chinese 閣下 (géxià)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Literary Chinese 閣下 (géxià)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "閣下",
"ruby": [
[
"閣",
"かっ"
],
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kakka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kakuka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "かくか",
"roman": "kakuka",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かっか",
"hhira": "かくか"
},
"expansion": "閣(かっ)下(か) • (kakka) ^(←かくか (kakuka)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"down a noble's residential tower, looking up"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, attributive) down a noble's residential tower, looking up"
],
"tags": [
"attributive",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with quotations",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "His/Her Excellency the President; Mr./Madam President",
"roman": "Daitōryō Kakka",
"ruby": [
[
"大",
"だい"
],
[
"統",
"とう"
],
[
"領",
"りょう"
],
[
"閣",
"かっ"
],
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"text": "大統領閣下",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "His Grace the Duke of York",
"roman": "Yōku Kō Kakka",
"ruby": [
[
"公",
"こう"
],
[
"閣",
"かっ"
],
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"text": "ヨーク公閣下",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Welcome, Mr. Minister. We’ve been looking forward to seeing you.",
"ref": "1986 January 10, Tsurugina, Mai with Katō, Tadashi, “MENU① 幻の料理人 [MENU① The Illusory Cook]”, in ザ・シェフ [The Chef], volume 1 (fiction), Tōkyō: Nihon Bungeisha, →ISBN, page 7:",
"roman": "Yō koso Daijin Kakka Omachimōshite orimashita",
"text": "ようこそ大臣閣下 お待ち申しておりました",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Our top Japanese executive chef of French cuisine, Shimomura, will use his best efforts to prepare a good dinner tonight. I am confident you will receive the best service.",
"ref": "1986 January 10, Tsurugina, Mai with Katō, Tadashi, “MENU① 幻の料理人 [MENU① The Illusory Cook]”, in ザ・シェフ [The Chef], volume 1 (fiction), Tōkyō: Nihon Bungeisha, →ISBN, page 8:",
"roman": "Kon’ya no dinā wa Nihon ni okeru Furansu ryōri no daiichininsha tō-hoteru no Shimomura Gurando Shefu ga ude ni yori o kakete ryōri Kakka ni wa kitto gomanzoku itadakeru mono to shinjite orimasu",
"text": "今夜の晩餐(ディナー)は日本におけるフランス料理の第一人者当ホテルの下村総料理長(グランドシェフ)が腕によりをかけて料理いたします 閣下にはきっとご満足いただけるものと信じております",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Your Excellency; His Excellency; Her Excellency; Your Lordship; His Lordship; Your Ladyship; Her Ladyship; Your Grace; His Grace; Her Grace"
],
"links": [
[
"Your Excellency",
"Your Excellency"
],
[
"His Excellency",
"His Excellency"
],
[
"Her Excellency",
"Her Excellency"
],
[
"Your Lordship",
"Your Lordship"
],
[
"His Lordship",
"His Lordship"
],
[
"Your Ladyship",
"Your Ladyship"
],
[
"Her Ladyship",
"Her Ladyship"
],
[
"Your Grace",
"Your Grace"
],
[
"His Grace",
"His Grace"
],
[
"Her Grace",
"Her Grace"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かっか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠k̚ka̠]"
}
],
"word": "閣下"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gakha",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "각하",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "각하"
},
"expansion": "閣下 • (gakha) (hangeul 각하)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Excellency; President",
"word": "각하"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 각하 (“Excellency; President”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"각하",
"각하#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "閣下"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "pronoun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "閣下",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "閣下",
"name": "vi-pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese honorific terms",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese pronouns",
"Vietnamese pronouns in Han script",
"vi:Fiction"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of các hạ (“(Chinese fiction, honorific) you”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"các hạ",
"các hạ#Vietnamese"
],
[
"fiction",
"fiction"
],
[
"you",
"you"
]
]
}
],
"word": "閣下"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 閣下 meaning in All languages combined (13.0kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"閣下"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閣下",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"閣下"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閣下",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"閣下"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閣下",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"閣下"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "閣下",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"閣下"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "閣下",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.