See 輪廓 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "轮廓",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "輪廓",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiàntiáo",
"word": "線條"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiàntiáo",
"word": "线条"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"outline; contour; figure; silhouette"
],
"id": "en-輪廓-zh-noun-Q4-AdxCx",
"links": [
[
"outline",
"outline"
],
[
"contour",
"contour"
],
[
"figure",
"figure"
],
[
"silhouette",
"silhouette"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough sketch"
],
"id": "en-輪廓-zh-noun-fU62V6tL",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"sketch",
"sketch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lúnkuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄎㄨㄛˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "leon⁴ kwok³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "lûn-koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lúnkuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄎㄨㄛˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lúnkuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lun²-kʻuo⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lwún-kwò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "luenkuoh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "лунько"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lunʹko"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən³⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lèuhn kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "loen⁴ kwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "lên⁴ kuog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²¹ kʷʰɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lûn-koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lûn-koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "lunkoiq"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²⁴⁻²² koʔ⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²⁴⁻²² koʔ³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun¹³⁻²² koʔ³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən³⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²¹ kʷʰɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²⁴⁻²² koʔ⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²⁴⁻²² koʔ³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun¹³⁻²² koʔ³²/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "of an official document",
"roman": "shìyóu",
"word": "事由"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "huìzǒng",
"word": "匯總"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "huìzǒng",
"word": "汇总"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dàgāng",
"word": "大綱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dàgāng",
"word": "大纲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dàyào",
"word": "大要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiǎojié",
"word": "小結"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiǎojié",
"word": "小结"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tígāng",
"word": "提綱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tígāng",
"word": "提纲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tíyào",
"word": "提要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zhāiyào",
"word": "摘要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "cuōyào",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "撮要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zéyào",
"word": "擇要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zéyào",
"word": "择要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gěnggài",
"word": "梗概"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gàikuò",
"word": "概括"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gàikuàng",
"word": "概況"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gàikuàng",
"word": "概况"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gàilüè",
"word": "概略"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gàiyào",
"word": "概要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"used in book and chapter titles"
],
"roman": "gàishuō",
"tags": [
"often"
],
"word": "概說"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"used in book and chapter titles"
],
"roman": "gàishuō",
"tags": [
"often"
],
"word": "概说"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gàimào",
"word": "概貌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gàishù",
"word": "概述"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gāngyào",
"word": "綱要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gāngyào",
"word": "纲要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gānglǐng",
"word": "綱領"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gānglǐng",
"word": "纲领"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zǒngjié",
"word": "總結"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zǒngjié",
"word": "总结"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zǒnggāng",
"word": "總綱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zǒnggāng",
"word": "总纲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"used in book and chapter titles"
],
"roman": "yàolüè",
"tags": [
"often"
],
"word": "要略"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "niǎokàn",
"word": "鳥瞰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "niǎokàn",
"word": "鸟瞰"
}
],
"word": "輪廓"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "輪廓",
"ruby": [
[
"輪",
"りん"
],
[
"廓",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rinkaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "りんかく"
},
"expansion": "輪(りん)廓(かく) • (rinkaku)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "輪郭"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 輪郭"
],
"id": "en-輪廓-ja-noun--2PnDh40",
"links": [
[
"輪郭",
"輪郭#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "輪廓"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "Yun'gwak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "윤곽",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "contour, outline",
"word": "윤곽"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 윤곽 (“contour, outline”)"
],
"id": "en-輪廓-ko-name-spEavfbU",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"윤곽",
"윤곽#Korean"
],
[
"contour",
"contour"
],
[
"outline",
"outline"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "輪廓"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 廓",
"Chinese terms spelled with 輪",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Intermediate Mandarin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "轮廓",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "輪廓",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "xiàntiáo",
"word": "線條"
},
{
"roman": "xiàntiáo",
"word": "线条"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"outline; contour; figure; silhouette"
],
"links": [
[
"outline",
"outline"
],
[
"contour",
"contour"
],
[
"figure",
"figure"
],
[
"silhouette",
"silhouette"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rough sketch"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"sketch",
"sketch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lúnkuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄎㄨㄛˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "leon⁴ kwok³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "lûn-koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lúnkuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄎㄨㄛˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lúnkuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lun²-kʻuo⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lwún-kwò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "luenkuoh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "лунько"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lunʹko"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən³⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lèuhn kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "loen⁴ kwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "lên⁴ kuog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²¹ kʷʰɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lûn-koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lûn-koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "lunkoiq"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²⁴⁻²² koʔ⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²⁴⁻²² koʔ³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun¹³⁻²² koʔ³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən³⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²¹ kʷʰɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²⁴⁻²² koʔ⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²⁴⁻²² koʔ³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun¹³⁻²² koʔ³²/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "of an official document",
"roman": "shìyóu",
"word": "事由"
},
{
"roman": "huìzǒng",
"word": "匯總"
},
{
"roman": "huìzǒng",
"word": "汇总"
},
{
"roman": "dàgāng",
"word": "大綱"
},
{
"roman": "dàgāng",
"word": "大纲"
},
{
"roman": "dàyào",
"word": "大要"
},
{
"roman": "xiǎojié",
"word": "小結"
},
{
"roman": "xiǎojié",
"word": "小结"
},
{
"roman": "tígāng",
"word": "提綱"
},
{
"roman": "tígāng",
"word": "提纲"
},
{
"roman": "tíyào",
"word": "提要"
},
{
"roman": "zhāiyào",
"word": "摘要"
},
{
"roman": "cuōyào",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "撮要"
},
{
"roman": "zéyào",
"word": "擇要"
},
{
"roman": "zéyào",
"word": "择要"
},
{
"roman": "gěnggài",
"word": "梗概"
},
{
"roman": "gàikuò",
"word": "概括"
},
{
"roman": "gàikuàng",
"word": "概況"
},
{
"roman": "gàikuàng",
"word": "概况"
},
{
"roman": "gàilüè",
"word": "概略"
},
{
"roman": "gàiyào",
"word": "概要"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"used in book and chapter titles"
],
"roman": "gàishuō",
"tags": [
"often"
],
"word": "概說"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"used in book and chapter titles"
],
"roman": "gàishuō",
"tags": [
"often"
],
"word": "概说"
},
{
"roman": "gàimào",
"word": "概貌"
},
{
"roman": "gàishù",
"word": "概述"
},
{
"roman": "gāngyào",
"word": "綱要"
},
{
"roman": "gāngyào",
"word": "纲要"
},
{
"roman": "gānglǐng",
"word": "綱領"
},
{
"roman": "gānglǐng",
"word": "纲领"
},
{
"roman": "zǒngjié",
"word": "總結"
},
{
"roman": "zǒngjié",
"word": "总结"
},
{
"roman": "zǒnggāng",
"word": "總綱"
},
{
"roman": "zǒnggāng",
"word": "总纲"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"used in book and chapter titles"
],
"roman": "yàolüè",
"tags": [
"often"
],
"word": "要略"
},
{
"roman": "niǎokàn",
"word": "鳥瞰"
},
{
"roman": "niǎokàn",
"word": "鸟瞰"
}
],
"word": "輪廓"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "輪廓",
"ruby": [
[
"輪",
"りん"
],
[
"廓",
"かく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rinkaku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "りんかく"
},
"expansion": "輪(りん)廓(かく) • (rinkaku)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "輪郭"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 輪郭"
],
"links": [
[
"輪郭",
"輪郭#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "輪廓"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "Yun'gwak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "윤곽",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean proper nouns",
"Korean proper nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "contour, outline",
"word": "윤곽"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 윤곽 (“contour, outline”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"윤곽",
"윤곽#Korean"
],
[
"contour",
"contour"
],
[
"outline",
"outline"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "輪廓"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 輪廓 meaning in All languages combined (6.1kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"輪廓"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "輪廓",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"輪廓"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "輪廓",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E6%8F%90%E7%B6%B1'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"輪廓"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "輪廓",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"輪廓"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "輪廓",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.