See 輪廓 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "轮廓",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "輪廓",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiàntiáo",
"word": "線條"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiàntiáo",
"word": "线条"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"outline; contour; figure; silhouette"
],
"id": "en-輪廓-zh-noun-Q4-AdxCx",
"links": [
[
"outline",
"outline"
],
[
"contour",
"contour"
],
[
"figure",
"figure"
],
[
"silhouette",
"silhouette"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough sketch"
],
"id": "en-輪廓-zh-noun-fU62V6tL",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"sketch",
"sketch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lúnkuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄎㄨㄛˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "leon⁴ kwok³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "lûn-koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lúnkuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄎㄨㄛˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lúnkuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lun²-kʻuo⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lwún-kwò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "luenkuoh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "лунько"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lunʹko"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən³⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lèuhn kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "loen⁴ kwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "lên⁴ kuog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²¹ kʷʰɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lûn-koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lûn-koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "lunkoiq"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²⁴⁻²² koʔ⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²⁴⁻²² koʔ³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun¹³⁻²² koʔ³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən³⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²¹ kʷʰɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²⁴⁻²² koʔ⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²⁴⁻²² koʔ³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun¹³⁻²² koʔ³²/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "of an official document",
"roman": "shìyóu",
"word": "事由"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "huìzǒng",
"word": "匯總"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "huìzǒng",
"word": "汇总"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dàgāng",
"word": "大綱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dàgāng",
"word": "大纲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dàyào",
"word": "大要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiǎojié",
"word": "小結"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiǎojié",
"word": "小结"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tígāng",
"word": "提綱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tígāng",
"word": "提纲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tíyào",
"word": "提要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zhāiyào",
"word": "摘要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "cuōyào",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "撮要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zéyào",
"word": "擇要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zéyào",
"word": "择要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gěnggài",
"word": "梗概"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gàikuò",
"word": "概括"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gàikuàng",
"word": "概況"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gàikuàng",
"word": "概况"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gàilüè",
"word": "概略"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gàiyào",
"word": "概要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"used in book and chapter titles"
],
"roman": "gàishuō",
"tags": [
"often"
],
"word": "概說"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"used in book and chapter titles"
],
"roman": "gàishuō",
"tags": [
"often"
],
"word": "概说"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gàimào",
"word": "概貌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gàishù",
"word": "概述"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gāngyào",
"word": "綱要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gāngyào",
"word": "纲要"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gānglǐng",
"word": "綱領"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gānglǐng",
"word": "纲领"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zǒngjié",
"word": "總結"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zǒngjié",
"word": "总结"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zǒnggāng",
"word": "總綱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zǒnggāng",
"word": "总纲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"used in book and chapter titles"
],
"roman": "yàolüè",
"tags": [
"often"
],
"word": "要略"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "niǎokàn",
"word": "鳥瞰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "niǎokàn",
"word": "鸟瞰"
}
],
"word": "輪廓"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 廓",
"Chinese terms spelled with 輪",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Intermediate Mandarin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "轮廓",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "輪廓",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "xiàntiáo",
"word": "線條"
},
{
"roman": "xiàntiáo",
"word": "线条"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"outline; contour; figure; silhouette"
],
"links": [
[
"outline",
"outline"
],
[
"contour",
"contour"
],
[
"figure",
"figure"
],
[
"silhouette",
"silhouette"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rough sketch"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"sketch",
"sketch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "lúnkuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄎㄨㄛˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "leon⁴ kwok³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "lûn-koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lúnkuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄎㄨㄛˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lúnkuò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lun²-kʻuo⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lwún-kwò"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "luenkuoh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "лунько"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "lunʹko"
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən³⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lèuhn kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "loen⁴ kwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "lên⁴ kuog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²¹ kʷʰɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "lûn-koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "lûn-koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "lunkoiq"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²⁴⁻²² koʔ⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²⁴⁻²² koʔ³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lun¹³⁻²² koʔ³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lu̯ən³⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɵn²¹ kʷʰɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²⁴⁻²² koʔ⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun²⁴⁻²² koʔ³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lun¹³⁻²² koʔ³²/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "of an official document",
"roman": "shìyóu",
"word": "事由"
},
{
"roman": "huìzǒng",
"word": "匯總"
},
{
"roman": "huìzǒng",
"word": "汇总"
},
{
"roman": "dàgāng",
"word": "大綱"
},
{
"roman": "dàgāng",
"word": "大纲"
},
{
"roman": "dàyào",
"word": "大要"
},
{
"roman": "xiǎojié",
"word": "小結"
},
{
"roman": "xiǎojié",
"word": "小结"
},
{
"roman": "tígāng",
"word": "提綱"
},
{
"roman": "tígāng",
"word": "提纲"
},
{
"roman": "tíyào",
"word": "提要"
},
{
"roman": "zhāiyào",
"word": "摘要"
},
{
"roman": "cuōyào",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "撮要"
},
{
"roman": "zéyào",
"word": "擇要"
},
{
"roman": "zéyào",
"word": "择要"
},
{
"roman": "gěnggài",
"word": "梗概"
},
{
"roman": "gàikuò",
"word": "概括"
},
{
"roman": "gàikuàng",
"word": "概況"
},
{
"roman": "gàikuàng",
"word": "概况"
},
{
"roman": "gàilüè",
"word": "概略"
},
{
"roman": "gàiyào",
"word": "概要"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"used in book and chapter titles"
],
"roman": "gàishuō",
"tags": [
"often"
],
"word": "概說"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"used in book and chapter titles"
],
"roman": "gàishuō",
"tags": [
"often"
],
"word": "概说"
},
{
"roman": "gàimào",
"word": "概貌"
},
{
"roman": "gàishù",
"word": "概述"
},
{
"roman": "gāngyào",
"word": "綱要"
},
{
"roman": "gāngyào",
"word": "纲要"
},
{
"roman": "gānglǐng",
"word": "綱領"
},
{
"roman": "gānglǐng",
"word": "纲领"
},
{
"roman": "zǒngjié",
"word": "總結"
},
{
"roman": "zǒngjié",
"word": "总结"
},
{
"roman": "zǒnggāng",
"word": "總綱"
},
{
"roman": "zǒnggāng",
"word": "总纲"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"used in book and chapter titles"
],
"roman": "yàolüè",
"tags": [
"often"
],
"word": "要略"
},
{
"roman": "niǎokàn",
"word": "鳥瞰"
},
{
"roman": "niǎokàn",
"word": "鸟瞰"
}
],
"word": "輪廓"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 輪廓 meaning in Chinese (4.4kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"輪廓"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "輪廓",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"輪廓"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "輪廓",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E6%8F%90%E7%B6%B1'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"輪廓"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "輪廓",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.