See 艱 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 艱 meaning in All languages combined (13.0kB)
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"艱 (Kangxi radical 138, 艮+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 廿人日女 (TOAV), four-corner 4753₂, composition ⿰𦰩艮)"
],
"id": "en-艱-mul-character-MzbgvIq4",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"𦰩",
"𦰩#Translingual"
],
[
"艮",
"艮#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "艱"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "丁內艱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "丁内艰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "丁外艱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "丁外艰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dīngjiān",
"word": "丁艱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dīngjiān",
"word": "丁艰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "rénjiānbùchāi",
"word": "人艱不拆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "rénjiānbùchāi",
"word": "人艰不拆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "備嘗艱苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "备尝艰苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "內艱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "内艰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "共體時艱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "共体时艰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "創業維艱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "创业维艰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "國困民艱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "国困民艰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "國步艱難"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "国步艰难"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "外艱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "外艰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "委重投艱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "委重投艰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shíjiān",
"word": "時艱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shíjiān",
"word": "时艰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bùlǚwéijiān",
"word": "步履維艱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bùlǚwéijiān",
"word": "步履维艰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lìjìnjiānxīn",
"word": "歷盡艱辛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lìjìnjiānxīn",
"word": "历尽艰辛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "歷盡艱險"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "历尽艰险"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "涉艱履危"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "涉艰履危"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "物力維艱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "物力维艰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "稼穡艱難"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "稼穑艰难"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wéijiān",
"word": "維艱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wéijiān",
"word": "维艰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jǔbùwéijiān",
"word": "舉步維艱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jǔbùwéijiān",
"word": "举步维艰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānwēi",
"word": "艱危"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānwēi",
"word": "艰危"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "艱困"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "艰困"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "艱子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "艰子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艱巨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艰巨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānshēn",
"word": "艱深"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānshēn",
"word": "艰深"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānsè",
"word": "艱澀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānsè",
"word": "艰涩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔzhuójué",
"word": "艱苦卓絕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔzhuójué",
"word": "艰苦卓绝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔfèndòu",
"word": "艱苦奮鬥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔfèndòu",
"word": "艰苦奋斗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "艱虞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "艰虞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "艱貞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "艰贞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānxīn",
"word": "艱辛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānxīn",
"word": "艰辛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānxiǎn",
"word": "艱險"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānxiǎn",
"word": "艰险"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānnán",
"word": "艱難"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānnán",
"word": "艰难"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānnánxiǎnzǔ",
"word": "艱難險阻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānnánxiǎnzǔ",
"word": "艰难险阻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "蒿目時艱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "蒿目时艰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "運拙時艱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "运拙时艰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "險阻艱難"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "险阻艰难"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "形聲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "形聲／形声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *krɯːn"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːn)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "𦰩//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𦰩",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "艮//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "<span style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help\" title=\"Old Chinese\">OC *kɯːns</span>"
},
"expansion": "艮 (OC *kɯːns)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𦰩",
"2": "艮",
"c1": "s",
"c2": "p",
"ls": "psc"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːn) : semantic 𦰩 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns)",
"name": "Han compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːn) : semantic 𦰩 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "艱",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"difficult; hard"
],
"id": "en-艱-zh-character-1~zAeThC",
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 52 10 7 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardship; suffering"
],
"id": "en-艱-zh-character-cKnWnUvI",
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"disaster"
],
"id": "en-艱-zh-character-avMI1a1w",
"links": [
[
"disaster",
"disaster"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dangerous"
],
"id": "en-艱-zh-character-fqqWhBfF",
"links": [
[
"dangerous",
"dangerous"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"parent's death"
],
"id": "en-艱-zh-character-Fdk8QAs0",
"links": [
[
"parent",
"parent"
],
[
"death",
"death"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jian¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gaan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân"
},
{
"zh-pron": "găng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chien¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jyān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gāan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gaan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gan¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaːn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gan´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gien´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯en²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "kân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gan´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gian´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯an²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "găng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kafn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kiefn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kang"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kean"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kˤrə[r]/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*krɯːn/"
},
{
"other": "/ kiên /"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaːn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯en²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯an²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³/"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "/*krɯːn/"
}
],
"word": "艱"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uncommon kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-艱-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"Hyōgai",
"kanji",
"no-gloss",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"word": "艱"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "간",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
},
{
"form": "gan",
"tags": [
"revised"
]
},
{
"form": "kan",
"tags": [
"McCune-Reischauer"
]
},
{
"form": "kan",
"tags": [
"Yale"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "Han characters",
"sc": "Kore",
"sort": "간",
"tr": "gan"
},
"expansion": "艱 • (gan)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"eumhun": "",
"hangeul": "간",
"mr": "kan",
"rv": "gan",
"y": "kan"
},
"expansion": "艱 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-艱-ko-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "艱"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gian",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"id": "en-艱-vi-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "艱"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "丁內艱"
},
{
"word": "丁内艰"
},
{
"word": "丁外艱"
},
{
"word": "丁外艰"
},
{
"roman": "dīngjiān",
"word": "丁艱"
},
{
"roman": "dīngjiān",
"word": "丁艰"
},
{
"roman": "rénjiānbùchāi",
"word": "人艱不拆"
},
{
"roman": "rénjiānbùchāi",
"word": "人艰不拆"
},
{
"word": "備嘗艱苦"
},
{
"word": "备尝艰苦"
},
{
"word": "內艱"
},
{
"word": "内艰"
},
{
"word": "共體時艱"
},
{
"word": "共体时艰"
},
{
"word": "創業維艱"
},
{
"word": "创业维艰"
},
{
"word": "國困民艱"
},
{
"word": "国困民艰"
},
{
"word": "國步艱難"
},
{
"word": "国步艰难"
},
{
"word": "外艱"
},
{
"word": "外艰"
},
{
"word": "委重投艱"
},
{
"word": "委重投艰"
},
{
"roman": "shíjiān",
"word": "時艱"
},
{
"roman": "shíjiān",
"word": "时艰"
},
{
"roman": "bùlǚwéijiān",
"word": "步履維艱"
},
{
"roman": "bùlǚwéijiān",
"word": "步履维艰"
},
{
"roman": "lìjìnjiānxīn",
"word": "歷盡艱辛"
},
{
"roman": "lìjìnjiānxīn",
"word": "历尽艰辛"
},
{
"word": "歷盡艱險"
},
{
"word": "历尽艰险"
},
{
"word": "涉艱履危"
},
{
"word": "涉艰履危"
},
{
"word": "物力維艱"
},
{
"word": "物力维艰"
},
{
"word": "稼穡艱難"
},
{
"word": "稼穑艰难"
},
{
"roman": "wéijiān",
"word": "維艱"
},
{
"roman": "wéijiān",
"word": "维艰"
},
{
"roman": "jǔbùwéijiān",
"word": "舉步維艱"
},
{
"roman": "jǔbùwéijiān",
"word": "举步维艰"
},
{
"roman": "jiānwēi",
"word": "艱危"
},
{
"roman": "jiānwēi",
"word": "艰危"
},
{
"word": "艱困"
},
{
"word": "艰困"
},
{
"word": "艱子"
},
{
"word": "艰子"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艱巨"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艰巨"
},
{
"roman": "jiānshēn",
"word": "艱深"
},
{
"roman": "jiānshēn",
"word": "艰深"
},
{
"roman": "jiānsè",
"word": "艱澀"
},
{
"roman": "jiānsè",
"word": "艰涩"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔzhuójué",
"word": "艱苦卓絕"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔzhuójué",
"word": "艰苦卓绝"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔfèndòu",
"word": "艱苦奮鬥"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔfèndòu",
"word": "艰苦奋斗"
},
{
"word": "艱虞"
},
{
"word": "艰虞"
},
{
"word": "艱貞"
},
{
"word": "艰贞"
},
{
"roman": "jiānxīn",
"word": "艱辛"
},
{
"roman": "jiānxīn",
"word": "艰辛"
},
{
"roman": "jiānxiǎn",
"word": "艱險"
},
{
"roman": "jiānxiǎn",
"word": "艰险"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnán",
"word": "艱難"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnán",
"word": "艰难"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnánxiǎnzǔ",
"word": "艱難險阻"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnánxiǎnzǔ",
"word": "艰难险阻"
},
{
"word": "蒿目時艱"
},
{
"word": "蒿目时艰"
},
{
"word": "運拙時艱"
},
{
"word": "运拙时艰"
},
{
"word": "險阻艱難"
},
{
"word": "险阻艰难"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "形聲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "形聲／形声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *krɯːn"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːn)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "𦰩//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "𦰩",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "艮//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "<span style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help\" title=\"Old Chinese\">OC *kɯːns</span>"
},
"expansion": "艮 (OC *kɯːns)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𦰩",
"2": "艮",
"c1": "s",
"c2": "p",
"ls": "psc"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːn) : semantic 𦰩 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns)",
"name": "Han compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːn) : semantic 𦰩 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "艱",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"difficult; hard"
],
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hardship; suffering"
],
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"disaster"
],
"links": [
[
"disaster",
"disaster"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dangerous"
],
"links": [
[
"dangerous",
"dangerous"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"parent's death"
],
"links": [
[
"parent",
"parent"
],
[
"death",
"death"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jian¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gaan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân"
},
{
"zh-pron": "găng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gang¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chien¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jyān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gāan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gaan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gan¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaːn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gan´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gien´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯en²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "kân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gan´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gian´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯an²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "găng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kafn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kian"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kiefn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kang"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kean"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kˤrə[r]/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*krɯːn/"
},
{
"other": "/ kiên /"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaːn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯en²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯an²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³/"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "/*krɯːn/"
}
],
"word": "艱"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese terms spelled with 艱",
"Uncommon kanji"
],
"tags": [
"Hyōgai",
"kanji",
"no-gloss",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"word": "艱"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "간",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
},
{
"form": "gan",
"tags": [
"revised"
]
},
{
"form": "kan",
"tags": [
"McCune-Reischauer"
]
},
{
"form": "kan",
"tags": [
"Yale"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "Han characters",
"sc": "Kore",
"sort": "간",
"tr": "gan"
},
"expansion": "艱 • (gan)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"eumhun": "",
"hangeul": "간",
"mr": "kan",
"rv": "gan",
"y": "kan"
},
"expansion": "艱 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean Han characters",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes"
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "艱"
}
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han script characters",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"艱 (Kangxi radical 138, 艮+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 廿人日女 (TOAV), four-corner 4753₂, composition ⿰𦰩艮)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"𦰩",
"𦰩#Translingual"
],
[
"艮",
"艮#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "艱"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gian",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Han characters",
"Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings",
"Vietnamese lemmas"
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "艱"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"艱"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "艱",
"trace": "started on line 60, detected on line 64"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"艱"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "艱",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"艱"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "艱",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"艱"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "艱",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"艱"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "艱",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"艱"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "艱",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.