"異化" meaning in All languages combined

See 異化 on Wiktionary

Verb [Chinese]

IPA: /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA, standard], /jiː²² faː³³/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /i³⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/, /jiː²² faː³³/, /i³⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/ Chinese transliterations: yìhuà [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], ji⁶ faa³ [Cantonese, Jyutping], i⁶ huê³, yìhuà [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin, standard], ㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], yìhuà [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin, standard], i⁴-hua⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles, standard], yì-hwà [Mandarin, Yale, standard], yihhuah [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin, standard], ихуа [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], ixua [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], yih fa [Cantonese, Yale], ji⁶ faa³ [Cantonese, Pinyin], yi⁶ fa³ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], i⁶ huê³ [Peng'im, Teochew], ĭ huè [POJ, Teochew]
Head templates: {{zh-verb}} 異化
  1. (ergative) to make dissimilar Tags: ergative
    Sense id: en-異化-zh-verb-HfgICtwa Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 44 15 19 22
  2. (philosophy) to alienate Categories (topical): Philosophy
    Sense id: en-異化-zh-verb-JwYUXVVC Topics: human-sciences, philosophy, sciences
  3. (phonology) to dissimilate Categories (topical): Phonology
    Sense id: en-異化-zh-verb-PYSAEbU8 Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, phonology, sciences
  4. (translation studies) to foreignize Categories (topical): Translation studies
    Sense id: en-異化-zh-verb-gdKlbXfm Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences, translation-studies
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 異化作用 (yìhuà zuòyòng), 异化作用 (yìhuà zuòyòng)

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [ika̠] Forms: 異化 [canonical] (ruby: (), ()), ika [romanization], ikwa [romanization], いくわ [hiragana, historical]
Head templates: {{ja-noun|いか|hhira=いくわ}} 異(い)化(か) • (ika) ^(←いくわ (ikwa)?)
  1. dissimilation
    Sense id: en-異化-ja-noun-THZFAmWX Categories (other): Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 13 13 26 29 18
  2. (biology) catabolism Categories (topical): Biology Synonyms: カタボリズム, 異化作用
    Sense id: en-異化-ja-noun-nsJUvz0E Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 5 53 19 14 8 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 5 49 18 19 9 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 5 49 18 19 9 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 5 49 18 17 11 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 5 51 17 18 9 Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 13 13 26 29 18 Topics: biology, natural-sciences
  3. (phonology) dissimilation Categories (topical): Phonology
    Sense id: en-異化-ja-noun-THZFAmWX1 Categories (other): Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 13 13 26 29 18 Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, phonology, sciences
  4. (philosophy) alienation; Verfremdung Categories (topical): Philosophy
    Sense id: en-異化-ja-noun-sylQLsYx Categories (other): Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 13 13 26 29 18 Topics: human-sciences, philosophy, sciences

Verb [Japanese]

IPA: [ika̠]
Forms: 異化する [canonical] (ruby: (), ()), ika suru [romanization], ikwa [romanization], 異化し [stem] (ruby: (), ()), 異化した [past] (ruby: (), ()), no-table-tags [table-tags], 異化し [error-unrecognized-form], いかし [error-unrecognized-form], ika shi [error-unrecognized-form], 異化する [error-unrecognized-form], いかする [error-unrecognized-form], ika suru [error-unrecognized-form], 異化すれ [error-unrecognized-form], いかすれ [error-unrecognized-form], ika sure [error-unrecognized-form], 異化せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 異化しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], いかせよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], いかしろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], ika seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], ika shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 異化される [passive], いかされる [passive], ika sareru [passive], 異化させる [causative], 異化さす [causative], いかさせる [causative], いかさす [causative], ika saseru [causative], ika sasu [causative], 異化できる [potential], いかできる [potential], ika dekiru [potential], 異化しよう [volitional], いかしよう [volitional], ika shiyō [volitional], 異化しない [negative], いかしない [negative], ika shinai [negative], 異化せず [continuative, negative], いかせず [continuative, negative], ika sezu [continuative, negative], 異化します [formal], いかします [formal], ika shimasu [formal], 異化した [perfective], いかした [perfective], ika shita [perfective], 異化して [conjunctive], いかして [conjunctive], ika shite [conjunctive], 異化すれば [conditional, hypothetical], いかすれば [conditional, hypothetical], ika sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. See above.
    Sense id: en-異化-ja-verb-cjEgjUgT Categories (other): Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 13 13 26 29 18

Download JSON data for 異化 meaning in All languages combined (12.2kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "guīhuà",
      "word": "歸化"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guīhuà",
      "word": "归化"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "yìhuà zuòyòng",
      "word": "異化作用"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "yìhuà zuòyòng",
      "word": "异化作用"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "異化",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "44 15 19 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to make dissimilar"
      ],
      "id": "en-異化-zh-verb-HfgICtwa",
      "links": [
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "dissimilar",
          "dissimilar"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ergative) to make dissimilar"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ergative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Philosophy",
          "orig": "zh:Philosophy",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to alienate"
      ],
      "id": "en-異化-zh-verb-JwYUXVVC",
      "links": [
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ],
        [
          "alienate",
          "alienate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy) to alienate"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Phonology",
          "orig": "zh:Phonology",
          "parents": [
            "Linguistics",
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to dissimilate"
      ],
      "id": "en-異化-zh-verb-PYSAEbU8",
      "links": [
        [
          "phonology",
          "phonology"
        ],
        [
          "dissimilate",
          "dissimilate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(phonology) to dissimilate"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "phonology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Translation studies",
          "orig": "zh:Translation studies",
          "parents": [
            "Linguistics",
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to foreignize"
      ],
      "id": "en-異化-zh-verb-gdKlbXfm",
      "links": [
        [
          "translation studies",
          "translation studies"
        ],
        [
          "foreignize",
          "foreignize"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(translation studies) to foreignize"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences",
        "translation-studies"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ji⁶ faa³"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "i⁶ huê³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "i⁴-hua⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yì-hwà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yihhuah"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ихуа"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ixua"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yih fa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ji⁶ faa³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yi⁶ fa³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jiː²² faː³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "i⁶ huê³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ĭ huè"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i³⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jiː²² faː³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i³⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "異化"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "dōka",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "同",
          "どう"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "同化"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "異化",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "異",
          "い"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ikwa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いくわ",
      "roman": "ikwa",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "いか",
        "hhira": "いくわ"
      },
      "expansion": "異(い)化(か) • (ika) ^(←いくわ (ikwa)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 26 29 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dissimilation"
      ],
      "id": "en-異化-ja-noun-THZFAmWX",
      "links": [
        [
          "dissimilation",
          "dissimilation"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Biology",
          "orig": "ja:Biology",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 53 19 14 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 49 18 19 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 49 18 19 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 49 18 17 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 51 17 18 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 26 29 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "catabolism"
      ],
      "id": "en-異化-ja-noun-nsJUvz0E",
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "catabolism",
          "catabolism"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) catabolism"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "カタボリズム"
        },
        {
          "word": "異化作用"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Phonology",
          "orig": "ja:Phonology",
          "parents": [
            "Linguistics",
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 26 29 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dissimilation"
      ],
      "id": "en-異化-ja-noun-THZFAmWX1",
      "links": [
        [
          "phonology",
          "phonology"
        ],
        [
          "dissimilation",
          "dissimilation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(phonology) dissimilation"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "phonology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Philosophy",
          "orig": "ja:Philosophy",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 26 29 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alienation; Verfremdung"
      ],
      "id": "en-異化-ja-noun-sylQLsYx",
      "links": [
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ],
        [
          "alienation",
          "alienation"
        ],
        [
          "Verfremdung",
          "Verfremdung#German"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy) alienation; Verfremdung"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "いか"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ika̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "異化"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "dōka",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "同",
          "どう"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "同化"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "異化する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "異",
          "い"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ikwa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化し",
      "roman": "ika shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "異",
          "い"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化した",
      "roman": "ika shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "異",
          "い"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 26 29 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "See above."
      ],
      "id": "en-異化-ja-verb-cjEgjUgT"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "いか"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ika̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "異化"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "guīhuà",
      "word": "歸化"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guīhuà",
      "word": "归化"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "yìhuà zuòyòng",
      "word": "異化作用"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yìhuà zuòyòng",
      "word": "异化作用"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "異化",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese ergative verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to make dissimilar"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "dissimilar",
          "dissimilar"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ergative) to make dissimilar"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ergative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "zh:Philosophy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to alienate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ],
        [
          "alienate",
          "alienate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy) to alienate"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "zh:Phonology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to dissimilate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "phonology",
          "phonology"
        ],
        [
          "dissimilate",
          "dissimilate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(phonology) to dissimilate"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "phonology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "zh:Translation studies"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to foreignize"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "translation studies",
          "translation studies"
        ],
        [
          "foreignize",
          "foreignize"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(translation studies) to foreignize"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences",
        "translation-studies"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ji⁶ faa³"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "i⁶ huê³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yìhuà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "i⁴-hua⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yì-hwà"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yihhuah"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ихуа"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ixua"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yih fa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ji⁶ faa³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "yi⁶ fa³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jiː²² faː³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "i⁶ huê³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ĭ huè"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i³⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jiː²² faː³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/i³⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "異化"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "dōka",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "同",
          "どう"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "同化"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "異化",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "異",
          "い"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ikwa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いくわ",
      "roman": "ikwa",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "いか",
        "hhira": "いくわ"
      },
      "expansion": "異(い)化(か) • (ika) ^(←いくわ (ikwa)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "dissimilation"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dissimilation",
          "dissimilation"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ja:Biology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "catabolism"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "catabolism",
          "catabolism"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) catabolism"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "カタボリズム"
        },
        {
          "word": "異化作用"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ja:Phonology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dissimilation"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "phonology",
          "phonology"
        ],
        [
          "dissimilation",
          "dissimilation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(phonology) dissimilation"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "phonology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ja:Philosophy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alienation; Verfremdung"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ],
        [
          "alienation",
          "alienation"
        ],
        [
          "Verfremdung",
          "Verfremdung#German"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy) alienation; Verfremdung"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "いか"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ika̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "異化"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "dōka",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "同",
          "どう"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "同化"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "異化する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "異",
          "い"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ikwa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化し",
      "roman": "ika shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "異",
          "い"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化した",
      "roman": "ika shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "異",
          "い"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "異化すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "いかすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ika sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "See above."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "いか"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ika̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "異化"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.